Comparison the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Fatigue, regardless of the causes, could leave a negative impact on individual performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of inhalation and massage aromatherapy with lavender and sweet orange on fatigue among hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial. The patients (96 patients) were allocated to three groups (control, an inhalation aromatherapy, and an aromatherapy massage group). A demographic questionnaire as well as the rhoten fatigue scale (RFS) was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 18. RESULTS: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference among the groups regarding fatigue level (p=0.54). However, eight and 16 weeks after the study, the levels of fatigue in both experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions with essential oils are effective in reducing fatigue in hemodialysis patients, although the effects of aromatherapy massage on fatigue are stronger than the effects of inhalation aromatherapy.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Analysis of the Persian Version of the ICEpop CAPability Measure for Adults Capability Measure in the Iranian General Population.

OBJECTIVES: The ICEpop CAPability measure for adults (ICECAP-A) is a measure of capability well-being for adults and, by focusing on more than health, can extend the evaluative space of economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the ICECAP-A questionnaire into Persian to assess the construct validity and reliability of the ICECAP-A in the Iranian general population. METHODS: In this study, we followed Beaton's guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1200 members of the general population using a stratified probability sampling method. The construct validity and reliability of the ICECAP-A were evaluated in relation to the EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). RESULTS: After translating and adapting the questionnaire, the term "being settled" was changed to "stability" for the Iranian cultural context. A moderate correlation (r = 0.48) was found between the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-5L index scores, and the ICECAP-A scores showed differences across different health and socio-economic groups. The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 2 instruments measured 2 different constructs. In terms of reliability, the internal consistency of the measure using Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.82 and for test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be 0.90 for total scores. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the Persian version of the ICECAP-A is a valid and reliable questionnaire and can complement EQ-5D measures already used in Iran.