Insulin resistance levels predicted metabolic improvement and weight loss after metabolic surgery in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The causes for failure of metabolic improvement and inadequate weight loss after metabolic surgery (MS) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not been fully elucidated. The effect of insulin resistance (IR) on the outcome of T2D, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity after MS in Chinese patients with T2D and a body mass index (BMI) of 25-32.5 kg/m2 warrants further study. OBJECTIVES: Patients with T2D and a BMI of 25-32.5 kg/m2 who underwent MS between July 2019 and June 2021 were included. SETTING: University hospital, China. METHODS: IR levels were evaluated with the glucose disposal rate (GDR). Improvement of T2D, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was assessed with the composite triple endpoint (CTEP), and weight loss was assessed with the percent of total weight loss (%TWL). Partial correlation analysis, binary logistic regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the CTEP, %TWL at 1 year postoperative, and GDR preoperative. RESULTS: This study analyzed the data of 51 patients with T2D and a BMI of 25-32.5 kg/m2 (30 men and 21 women) with a mean preoperative GDR of 3.72 ± 1.48 mg/kg/min. Partial correlation coefficients between CTEP, %TWL, and GDR were .303 (P = .041) and .449 (P = .001), respectively. The preoperative GDR was significantly positively correlated with CTEP (OR = 1.610, P = .024) and %TWL (ß = 1.38, P = .003). The preoperative GDR predicted cutoff values of 4.36 and 5.35 mg/kg/min for CTEP attainment and %TWL ≥ 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION: IR levels predicted metabolic improvement and weight loss 1 year after MS in Chinese patients with T2D and a BMI of 25-32.5 kg/m2.

Comparing perioperative and oncological outcomes of transanal and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective studies.

INTRODUCTION: Meta-analysis of the results of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) and laparoscopic TME (laTME) regarding perioperative and oncological outcomes have been conducted. Due to the lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies in the included literature, the conclusions are unreliable. This study included RCTs and prospective studies for analysis to obtain more reliable conclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted up to June 2023. To assess the quality, the Cochrane quality assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were employed. The perioperative and oncological outcomes were then analyzed. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate statistical heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies, comprising 5056 patients, were included in the analysis, of which 6 were RCTs and 16 were prospective studies. The conversion rate in the taTME group was significantly lower than that in the laTME group (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.22, P < 0.01), and the circumferential resection margin (CRM) was longer (MD 0.99 mm, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.32 mm, P < 0.01), with a lower rate of positive CRM involvement (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.97, P = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, anastomotic leakage, uroschesis, obstruction, secondary operation, hospital stay, urethral injury, readmission, mortality rate within 30 days, mesorectal resection quality, number of harvested lymph nodes, distal resection margin (DRM), positive DRM, local recurrence, and distance recurrence (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this meta-analysis, which is based on RCTs and prospective studies, taTME appears to have an advantage over laTME in terms of conversion rate and CRM involvement.

Sex-Specific Changes in Body Composition Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Are Associated with the Remission of Metabolic Syndrome.

PURPOSE: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the mechanism of MetS remission after MBS remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between sex differences, body composition, and the remission of MetS after MBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 80 patients with obesity and MetS who underwent MBS with case-control design. The International Diabetes Federation criteria were used to define MetS. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 1 year after the operation. In addition to calculating changes in MetS and its prevalence, we performed a multiple logistic regression to determine predictors of MetS remission. RESULTS: There were significant differences in body composition between males and females after MBS. Both males and females had significant improvements in the overall prevalence of MetS, decreasing from 100 to 21.74% (P <0.001) and from 100 to 35.29% (P <0.001), respectively. A higher percentage of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reduction tends to be associated with a higher chance of MetS remission in men. In females, the MetS nonremission subgroup had a higher %Trunk lean body mass (LBM), and %Android LBM reduction than the remission subgroup, but the multiple logistic regression analysis result was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: After MBS, reduced VAT might be related to MetS reversibility in males, while reduced LBM may result in MetS nonremission in females.

Predictors of T2DM Remission after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2: a Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Although a few studies have reported the predictors of postoperative diabetes remission in patients with body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2, the conclusions are still inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the preoperative clinical factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched until April 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic, followed by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: 16 studies involving 932 patients were selected. T2DM remission was negatively correlated with age, duration, insulin use, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. While BMI, body weight, waist circumference, and C-peptide levels were positive predictors of T2DM remission in patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2. However, there was no significant association between gender, oral hypoglycemic agent, homeostasis model assessment, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and remission rate. CONCLUSION: Patients with younger age, short diabetes duration, more obesity, better glucose control, and better ß cell function were more likely to achieve T2DM remission in patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2 after bariatric surgery.

Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Patients with Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on patients with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published prior to December 2, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed on menstrual irregularity, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), glucolipid metabolism indicators, and body mass index (BMI) following SG. RESULTS: Six studies and 218 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Following SG, menstrual irregularity significantly decreased (odds ratio [OR] 0.03; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.00-0.24; P=0.001). Additionally, SG can lower total testosterone levels (MD -0.73; 95% CIs -0.86-0.60; P< 0.0001), as well as BMI (MD -11.59; 95% CIs -13.10-10.08; P<0.0001). A significant increase was observed in the levels of SHBG and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) after SG. In addition to reducing fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein levels, SG significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein levels as well. CONCLUSIONS: Following SG, we firstly demonstrated significant improvements in menstrual irregularity, testosterone and SHGB levels, glycolipid metabolism indicators, and BMI. Therefore, SG may be considered as a new option for the clinical treatment of patients with obesity and PCOS.

A bibliometric and visual analysis of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome from 2012 to 2022.

Background: Obesity is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to elucidate the research status and explore research trends and future directions of research on obesity and PCOS. Methods: A bibliometric analysis of the published papers in the field of obesity and PCOS between 2012 and 2022 was conducted on the basis of the Web of Science Core Collection database. The collaboration networks, research trends, literature sources, citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and keywords analysis were statistically analyzed and visualized using the VOSviewer software. Results: We retrieved 2843 records from 681 journals by 12307 authors from 2942 institutes in 99 countries. The number of published papers and citations had a roughly increasing trend annually. The United States and China contributed the majority of the records. Monash University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Karolinska Institute, University of São Paulo, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were the biggest nodes in their cluster of the collaboration network map, and Moran LJ, Teede HJ, Joham AE, Escobar-Morreale HF, and Macut D were prolific authors. Research trends and hotspots were identified and visualized in the field of obesity and PCOS. Research hotspots in this field focused on insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome, metformin, and inflammation. Bariatric surgery, mitochondrial dysfunction, binding globulins, and comorbidities may be the frontiers of future research. Conclusions: We concluded the research status and trends in the field of obesity and PCOS. A better understanding of collaboration patterns, research hotspots, and frontiers may be useful for researchers.

TyG Index Performs Better Than HOMA-IR in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a BMI < 35 kg/m2: A Hyperglycemic Clamp Validated Study

Background and objectives: Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are characterized by a low body mass index (BMI), and significant insulin resistance (IR). The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has not been studied as a means of assessing IR in Chinese T2DM patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2. Materials and Methods: An open-label cross-sectional study recruited 102 Chinese T2DM patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2. The hyper-insulinemic euglycemic clamp, homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and TyG index were used to determine the level of IR. Based on Pearson's correlations, glucose disposal rate (GDR), TyG index, and HOMA-IR were analyzed. HOMA-IR and TyG index for IR were evaluated using multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses. On the basis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off value of HOMA-IR and the TyG index were determined. Results: The mean values of GDR, HOMA-IR, and TyG index were 4.25 ± 1.81, 8.05 ± 7.98, and 8.12 ± 0.86 mg/kg/min, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was −0.418 between GDR and TyG index and −0.324 between GDR and HOMA-IR. ROC curve analysis showed that, among both sexes, the TyG index was a better discriminator of IR than HOMA-IR. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the TyG index (0.785, 0.691−0.879) was higher than that of HOMA-IR (0.73, 0.588−0.873) in all genders. The optimal cut-off values of the TyG index and HOMA-IR were 7.99 and 3.39, respectively. Conclusions: The TyG index showed more effectiveness in identifying IR in Chinese T2DM patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2 compared to HOMA-IR.

Bariatric Surgery Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Bariatric surgery has been uncovered to relieve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity, while current studies have neutral or opposite results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on NAFLD in patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases were performed to obtain publications containing comparison results of liver biopsy before and after bariatric surgery in obesity. Primary outcomes were biopsy-confirmed remission of NAFLD and NAFLD activity scores. Secondary outcomes were liver function. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021240346. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies were included. After bariatric surgery, a biopsy-confirmed resolution of steatosis was improved in 56% of patients, ballooning degeneration in 49%, inflammation in 45%, and fibrosis in 25%. Bariatric surgery significantly decreased mean NAFLD activity scores. RYGB achieved the most obviously improvements in steatosis, and SG attained the most notably ameliorations in fibrosis. The percentage of patients with improved steatosis and hepatic fibrosis in Asian countries was higher than non-Asian countries. The reduction of ALT and AST was 11.95U/L and 6.44 U/L after surgery. CONCLUSION: Our study has revealed that bariatric surgery brought out significantly resolution of NAFLD in individuals with obesity. RYGB and SG have been proved to be of benefit to many hepatic parameters, and the improvement of liver steatosis and fibrosis, particularly in Asian countries. It is strongly suggested that bariatric surgery should be considered as a novel treatment for NAFLD.

Lipid Accumulation Product Predicts Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery in Chinese Patients with BMI < 35 kg/m2: a Multicenter Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether preoperative visceral fat-related indexes, such as visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), and metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF), are useful for predicting diabetes remission in Chinese patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2 after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 177 patients. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify predictors and clinically useful cutoff values, respectively. The correlation between the visceral fat-related index and body fat percentage was assessed. RESULTS: Complete remission of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was observed in 66 patients (37.29%) 1 year after surgery. The VAI, LAP, CVAI, and METS-VF showed downward trends postsurgery. Patients with complete remission had a significantly shorter duration of diabetes and higher CVAI, VAI, LAP, and BMI values than those without complete remission. Binary logistic regression and ROC analysis confirmed that diabetes duration and LAP can predict diabetes remission after bariatric surgery, and a LAP of 67.725 is a useful threshold for predicting surgical efficacy. LAP was significantly positively correlated with VAT/total (%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative LAP is a feasible tool for predicting T2DM remission in patients with a BMI < 35 kg/m2 after bariatric surgery, and a LAP of 67.725 is a useful threshold for predicting surgical outcomes. LAP was significantly positively correlated with VAT content.

Diagnostic accuracy of the visceral adiposity index in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Conflicting results on the prognostic value of the visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have been reported. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the VAI in MAFLD patients. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and other databases were searched to collect all documents that met the inclusion criteria from the establishment of the database to September 2021. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The heterogeneity among the studies was analysed by the Cochran Q test and I2 test, and the appropriate model was selected according to the heterogeneity results. The diagnostic efficacy of the VAI was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, and a Fagan diagram was generated to evaluate the diagnostic ability of the VAI. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies were included. The overall quality of the included studies was good. Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity of the VAI for the diagnosis of MAFLD was 0.70 [95% CI (0.69-0.71)], the combined specificity was 0.67 [95% CI (0.67-0.68)], the combined positive likelihood ratio was 2.08 [95% CI (1.87-2.31)], the combined negative likelihood ratio was 0.39 [95% CI (0.34-0.44)], and the combined diagnostic odds ratio was 5.81 [95% CI (4.73-7.14)]. The corresponding area under the curve was 0.79 [95% CI (0.75-0.82)]. Meta-regression analysis showed that the diagnostic method was a potential source of heterogeneity (P < 0.05). The Fagan diagram showed that the precision of MAFLD diagnosis was 70% when the pretest probability was set to 50% and then supplemented by the VAI. CONCLUSIONS: The VAI is an independent predictor in the diagnosis of MAFLD and may be helpful in the detection of MAFLD. A VAI > 2.33 suggests that patients have a high probability of having MAFLD.

Insulin Resistance Remission Following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With a Body Mass Index of 27.5-32.5 kg/m2.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, remission of insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery in patients with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.5-32.5 kg/m2 has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Thirty-six T2DM patients with a BMI of 27.5-32.5 kg/m2 were prospectively consecutively recruited for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and other indicators were tested at baseline and 6 months postoperative. Glucose disposal rate (GDR), time to reach euglycemia, homeostatic model assessment of IR, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, 30-min insulinogenic index (IGI30), and disposition index (DI) were calculated at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The criterion for remission in T2DM patients was the achievement of the triple composite endpoint. Results: Anthropometric and glucolipid metabolism parameters significantly improved following surgery. The GDR increased significantly from baseline to 6 months after LRYGB (from 4.28 ± 1.70 mg/kg/min to 8.47 ± 1.89 mg/kg/min, p < 0.0001) and LSG (from 3.18 ± 1.36 mg/kg/min to 7.09 ± 1.69 mg/kg/min, p < 0.001). The TyG index decreased after surgery (RYGB group, from 9.93 ± 1.03 to 8.60 ± 0.43, p < 0.0001; LSG group, from 10.04 ± 0.79 to 8.72 ± 0.65, p = 0.0002). There was a significant reduction in the IGI30 (RYGB group, from 2.04 ± 2.12 to 0.83 ± 0.47, p = 0.005; LSG group, from 2.12 ± 1.73 to 0.92 ± 0.66, p = 0.001). The mean DI significantly increased from 1.14 ± 1.35 to 7.11 ± 4.93 in the RYGB group (p = 0.0001) and from 1.25 ± 1.78 to 5.60 ± 4.58 in the LSG group (p = 0.003). Compared with baseline, HOMR-IR, QUICKI, area under the curve-C-peptide release test (AUC-CRT), and AUC-OGTT were significantly changed at 6 months postoperative. Overall, 52.63% of patients in the LRYGB group versus 29.41% of patients in the LSG group achieved the triple composite endpoint. Conclusion: Both LRYGB and LSG effectively induced remission of IR in patients with T2DM and a BMI of 27.5-32.5 kg/m2.

Five-year Changes in Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with a BMI < 32.5 kg/m2 Undergoing Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

PURPOSE: Information is scarce on the five-year effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) on body composition for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a low BMI. This study aimed to evaluate the five-year changes in body composition in a Chinese T2DM cohort with a BMI < 32.5 kg/m2 after LRYGB. METHODS: Twenty-seven T2DM patients were assessed preoperatively (baseline) and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after LRYGB with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: DXA assessments were completed in 100%, 85%, 85%, 85%, 48%, and 37% at baseline and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. For the whole body, fat-free mass and muscle mass decreased from 6 months to 5 years after LRYGB (P < 0.05), while bone mineral content decreased at 5 years after LRYGB (P < 0.05). Fat mass of different regions decreased from 3 months to 1 year (P < 0.05), and a similar magnitude of variation was observed in body fat mass percentage. A fat redistribution characterized by the regional fat proportion of trunk and android decreasing and the regional fat proportion of limbs gaining (P < 0.05) occurred at 5 years after LRYGB. CONCLUSION: For low BMI patients with T2DM, LRYGB led to a short-term reduction in FM and a lasting reduction in FFM. A metabolically healthy fat redistribution occurring 5 years after LRYGB might be a promising mechanism to explain the lasting benefits of LRYGB for T2DM patients with a low BMI.