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1.
Trop Med Health ; 48: 28, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32368183

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The appropriate drug for the treatment of schistosomiasis is praziquantel. However, low cure rate and existence of drug resistance both in vivo and in vitro were reported in different endemic areas. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of praziquantel for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanja General Primary School, North Gondar Zone, Amhara region, Northwest of Ethiopia, from March to April, 2017. A total of 245 participants were selected using systematic random sampling. A stool specimen was collected from each participant and examined for S. mansoni ova load count using Kato-Katz technique. Two hundred four infected participants were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel 40 mg/kg. Four weeks later post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from 176 study participants. The samples were collected using similar procedures like the pre-treatment phase to see egg reduction and cure status. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Pearson chi-square (χ 2) was used to determine the association of effectiveness of the drug with the average egg count, age group, and sex. P value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 83.3% (204/245) with geometric mean egg count of 357.8. In those not cured post-treatment, the prevalence and egg per gram in geometric mean egg count were 13.1% and 77.6 respectively.After 4 weeks of administration of praziquantel, the cure rate was 86.9% with egg reduction rate of 78.3%. Effectiveness of the drug was not statistically associated with sex, age group, and pre-treatment intensity of infection. CONCLUSION: S. mansoni prevalence was high. Praziquantel is an effective drug for the treatment of S. mansoni. This high prevalence of S. mansoni requires mass drug administration of praziquantel.

2.
Infect Drug Resist ; 12: 3575-3583, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31819542

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and important clinical problem in pediatrics. Recurrent UTIs may lead to renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal dysfunction later in life. The objective of the study was to determine bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among children attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2013 to May 2013 among children 5-15 years of age with symptoms of UTI. Samples were processed for culture and identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done for positive urine cultures by the Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method based on standards of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.2.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20 statistical software. Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression test results were used. RESULTS: A total of 259 urine samples were collected from children with UTI. The result revealed 41 (15.8%) samples had significant bacteriuria, among which the most prevalent pathogen was E. coli 14 (34.1%) followed by Pseudomonas species. Gram-negative bacteria showed high level of sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (70), norfloxacin (63.4%) and ceftriaxone (60%), whereas the level of resistance was high to ampicillin (80%) and nitrofurantoin (70%). Gram-positive isolates showed high sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (77.8%), penicillin (72.8%) and erythromycin (72.7%). Multiple drug resistance (MDR) for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was 100% and 83.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: E. coli is the predominant bacteria isolated in the present study. The results showed that the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic to commonly prescribed antimicrobials was high. Hence, the guidelines for empiric treatment of UTI should be re-evaluated periodically based on local studies.

3.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis ; 2014: 378780, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25180032

RESUMEN

Introduction. Parasitic diseases are the major causes of human health problem in Ethiopia. The high prevalence of parasitic infections is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene, and impoverished health services. Objective. The study was conducted to assess the impact of health-conscious Awramba cooperative community and its neighboring communities on the prevalence of parasitic infections in South Gondar, Ethiopia. Methods. Single stool specimens were collected from 392 individuals from Awramba and the neighboring communities. Specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites using microscopy. Questionnaire was administered to determine the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of study participants. Results. Of the total 392 study participants examined, 58(14.8%) were positive for malaria and 173 (44.1%) for intestinal parasites. The prevalence of malaria in Awramba community (5.1%) was less than that in neighboring communities (24.5%). The prevalence of parasitic infections in Awramba (18.8%) was less than that of the neighboring communities (69.4%). Conclusion. This study showed that good household and environmental hygiene, good toilet construction and usage, and proper utilization of ITN in Awramba cooperative community have significantly contributed to the reduction of the burden of parasitic infections. Thus, the positive achievement in reducing parasitic infections in Awramba cooperative community could be used as a model for affordable health intervention in the neighboring communities, in particular, and the whole country in general.

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