Colorectal cancer screening; colonoscopy and biopsy results in people undergoing colonoscopy due to positive fecal occult blood test.

Objectives: Screening programs are important for the early detection of colorectal cancer, which is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we investigated the colonoscopy results, the incidence of adenoma and cancer, and the relationship between test results and cancer in individuals with a positive fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening. Material and Methods: Within the scope of the colorectal cancer screening program, colonoscopy was requested for individuals aged 50-70 years who applied to our outpatient clinic with a positive fecal occult blood test. The results were collected and analyzed. Results: The results of the colonoscopy could be obtained in only 237 (56.43%) of the 420 patients who were referred for a colonoscopy because of a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy results were normal in 15 (6.33%), benign anal disease in 64 (27%), benign colonic disease in 12 (5.06%) and polyp + adenocarcinoma in 146 (61.61%). Pathology results were benign polyp in 37 (15.61%), adenomatous polyp in 86 (36.29%) and adenocarcinoma in 23 (9.71%). Quantitative test results were higher in the adenomatous polyp + adenocarcinoma group and statistically significant (p= 0.03). Conclusion: Individuals with positive fecal occult blood tests, especially those with high quantitative test results, should be encouraged to have a colonoscopy, and they should be warned about the high probability of adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer.

Is it possible to predict mortality in patients with high-grade blunt liver injury? A single trauma center study.

BACKGROUND: Blunt abdominal trauma constitutes a significant portion of trauma cases and is often associated with liver injury. Given that high-grade liver injuries remain life-threatening, identifying patients who will likely require more vigilant attention and care is crucial. This study aims to determine the parameters that increase mortality in patients with high-grade liver trauma. METHODS: This study enrolled 38 patients with Grade III or higher liver injuries, treated by the general surgery department between 2008 and 2023. Eleven patients who died were categorized into Group 1, and 27 survivors were placed in Group 2. We evaluated their respective mechanisms of injury, imaging results, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, Base Excess, Lactate levels, pH, and Injury Severity Score findings. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed for parameters with significant differences, and certain cutoff values were determined. RESULTS: The grade of liver injury and additional abdominal organ injuries were significantly higher in Group 1 (p<0.05). The difference in extra-abdominal injury sites was statistically insignificant between the groups (p>0.05). Erythrocyte suspension requirements were significantly higher in Group 1 (p<0.05). Average lactate and base deficit values were also significantly higher in Group 1 (p<0.05), while leukocyte counts were significantly lower in Group 1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Base deficit, hemoglobin (Hb), lactate levels, injury severity, liver injury grade, accompanying abdominal injuries at admission, and erythrocyte suspension demands were found to be associated with increased mortality rates. Certain cutoff values for the aforementioned parameters could be established. However, further data are required to confirm these findings.

Hollow viscus injury due to blunt abdominal trauma: a tertiary trauma center experience.

BACKGROUND: Hollow viscus injuries (HVIs) present less frequently than solid organ injuries in patients with blunt abdominal trauma, potentially leading to significantly increased morbidity and mortality rates. Modern imaging equipment, confidently used for diagnosing solid organ injuries, may fail to identify hollow viscus injuries. In this study, we aim to present our tertiary center's experience with this entity. METHODS: Patients treated in our clinic from April 2011 to December 2021 for hollow viscus injury following blunt abdominal trauma were included in this study. We recorded and retrospectively evaluated patients' demographic data, injury site and mechanism, preoperative and perioperative findings, and mortality rates in a prospective database. RESULTS: Of the 607 blunt trauma patients, 35 (5.8%) had hollow viscus injuries, with 88.6% being male. Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of injury (80%). The mean duration between admission and surgical exploration was 26±21.2 hours. The mean Injury Severity Score was 21.8±13.6. Rigidity was the most frequent clinical finding (60%). The jejunum and ileum were the most frequently injured organs (54.1%). Mortality and morbidity rates were 11.4% and 17.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Nondeclining white blood cell (WBC) counts within 24 hours of admission, alongside any physical or radiological finding indicating an HVI, should prompt immediate surgical exploration.

A Rare Case of Castleman's Syndrome Presenting with a Mass in the Bifurcation of the Celiac Trunk.

INTRODUCTION: Castleman's disease is an extremely rare disease in the abdomen region characterized by benign lymphoepithelial proliferation. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 63-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Abdominal CT Angio and dynamic contrast-enhanced abdominal MRI revealed a mass lesion showing markedly contrast enhancement, no vascular invasion sign, and diffusion restriction lesion in the truncus coelicus bifurcation region. The mass was surgically resected completely. Pathological evaluation showed a hyaline-vascular type of Castleman's disease. CONCLUSION: Castleman's disease should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of an isolated intra-abdominal mass.

Comparison of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal Bypass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission Using International Criteria.

Introduction: Single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass procedure is recommended in the treatment of patients with obesity, who have comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Meanwhile, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become the most preferred contemporary bariatric procedure. Research comparing these two techniques are scarce in the literature. In this study, we aimed to compare LSG and SASI procedures in terms of weight loss and diabetes remission. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, who underwent LSG and 31 patients, who underwent SASI, with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 and above, and under unsuccessful medical treatment, in terms of T2DM, were included in the study. Patients' demographic data were recorded. Oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin use, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose values, and BMI values were recorded preoperatively, at thd sixth month and at first year. According to these data, patients were compared in terms of primarily diabetes remission and secondarily weight loss. Results: At the sixth month and first year, the mean excess weight loss (EWL) values of the SASI group were 55.2% ± 12.45% and 71.67% ± 15.75%, respectively, while EWL values of the LSG group were 57.41% ± 16.22% and 69.73% ± 16.65%, respectively (P > .05). T2DM evaluations revealed that in the SASI group, 25 (80.65%) patients at the sixth month and 26 (83.87%) patients at the first year had either clinical improvement or remission, whereas 23 (76.67%) patients at the sixth month and 26 (86,67%) patients at the first year in the LSG group had the same outcomes (P > .05). Conclusion: The short-term comparison of LSG and SASI procedures revealed similar results in terms of weight loss and T2DM remission. Hence, LSG can be considered as the first-step treatment of morbid obesity accompanied by T2DM, since it is a simpler surgical procedure.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Promotes Recovery in Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: The most popular approach for treating obesity is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol aims to reduce the patient's surgical stress response, optimize their physiological function, and facilitate recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the ERAS protocol in patients who have undergone LSG. Methods: Between January 2020 and March 2021, a single-center randomized controlled study with patients undergoing LSG was planned. Patient demographics, duration of surgery and anesthetic induction, postoperative nausea-vomiting (PONV) and pain scores, length of hospital stay, and emergency room readmissions within the first 30 days were also documented. Patients were divided into two groups: those who followed the ERAS protocol and those who did not. The senior surgeon was blinded for the preoperative and postoperative period, whereas the other surgeon was not. The groups were compared in terms of length of hospital stay, duration of surgery, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, PONV effect scores, and emergency service admissions within the first 30 days after surgery. Results: A total of 96 patients were included in this study. Of these, 49 were in the ERAS protocol group and 47 were in the traditional treatment group. The mean age of the patients in the ERAS and traditional treatment groups were 37.47 ± 10.11 years and 35.77 ± 9.62 years, respectively. While the ERAS group patients were hospitalized for a mean of 30.46 ± 11.26 hours, the traditional group patients were hospitalized for 52.02 ± 6.63 hours (P: .001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of the first 30-day readmission to the emergency department (P: .498). Both VAS and PONV effect scores at the 2nd and 12th hours of the ERAS group patients were lower (P: .001, .002, .001, .001, respectively). Conclusions: When compared with the conventional method, the ERAS protocol reduced patient hospitalization time, decreased postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain scores, and did not vary in postoperative emergency department readmissions. In patients receiving LSG, the ERAS protocol can be employed safely and successfully. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04442568.

Management of Spontaneous Major Rectus Sheath Hematoma in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A rectus sheath hematoma, which is mostly encountered due to abdominal traumas or anticoagulant use, can be challenging, and a delayed diagnosis may lead to hypovolemic shock and even death. In this study, we aimed to present the management of a case of rectus sheath hematoma that developed in a patient who was hospitalized and under coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. A 70-year-old female patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to respiratory failure and developed a sudden onset of tachycardia and hypotension. The patient was then diagnosed with a rectus sheath hematoma and after ensuring hemodynamic stability she was treated with angiographic embolization. Following the treatment, the patient remained hemodynamically stable and a control computed tomography (CT) revealed regression in the hematoma. Rectus sheath hematomas especially accompanied by additional comorbidities or aggressive surgical interventions may result in high mortality rates in the early period. It should also be kept in mind that during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the world in the last two years, rectus sheath hematomas may be the underlying cause of sudden hypotension and abdominal distension, and it should not be forgotten that angiographic embolization performed by experienced interventional radiologists is the mainstay of treatment in cases where hemodynamic stability can't be achieved.

Major Surgical Resections in Abdominopelvic Sarcomas: Clinical Features and Results of 38 patients: A Tertiary-Center Experience.

Introduction: Sarcomas with mesenchymal origin located in the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneal space are rare. They might reach large dimensions due to the non-specific and late onset of clinical symptoms. In this study we aim to provide the outcomes of 38 cases. Methods: Thirty-eight patients, whose data had been registered and analyzed completely in a prospective manner, were enrolled in the study. Demographic Findings, Primary-Recurrent Status of the disease, surgical method applied (R0-1-2), additional organ resections, Morbidity and Mortality rates, HIPEC application, Histopathological results and overall survival outcomes during follow-up were evaluated in the enrolled cases. Results: Thirty-eight (38) patients were operated on due to soft tissue sarcomas located in the abdominal and retroperitoneal area. The mean age of patients was 57.63 +- 15.38. The localization rates of retroperitoneal, abdominal and visceral tumors were 28%, 58%, and 12%, respectively. The mean tumor size was 12.96 cm +- 9.62. Twenty-seven patients (71%) underwent R0 resection, 7 patients (18%) underwent R1 resection, 4 patients (10%) underwent R2 resection. Additionally, sarcomatosis was detected in 6 patients and these patients underwent Cytoreductive Surgery+HIPEC. The first 30-day mortality and morbidity rates were 10.5% (4 patients) and 44% (17 patients), respectively. Conclusion: Surgery is the gold standard treatment of this condition. The most important stage in the management of the condition is the discussion of these cases in multidisciplinary teams in centers experienced in this disease in terms of prognosis and local recurrence and deciding on the treatment strategy based on these discussions.