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Objective: This study examines the prognostic factors and outcomes of Turkish children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated with Modified St. Jude Total XV Protocol, which was modified by adding high-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) before induction in the original protocol. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 183 newly diagnosed ALL patients aged 1-18 years received Modified St. Jude Total XV Therapy between January 1, 2008 and January 30, 2016. HDMP was administered for 7 days, with randomized doses at 10 or 20 mg/kg/d, tapered during the subsequent 7 days to 5 and 10 mg/kg/d, followed by 2 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks. Absolute blast count in peripheral blood and minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow were assesses at the end of the initial HDMP treatment (Day 7). MRD in the bone marrow was measured on day 15 and at the end of the induction period. These patients were followed until July 15, 2019. Results: The five-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OAS) rates for all patients were 85.6±2.6% and 89.2±2.3%, respectively. The steroid good responder rate (<1 000/mm3 absolute blast count in peripheral blood on Day 7) was 88%, with 97% of children achieving complete remission post-induction. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in survival rate and infection frequency. EFS and OAS correlated with initial leukocyte count, age 10-18 years at diagnosis, CD20 positivity at diagnosis, and gram-negative bacterial infection during remission induction. Conclusion: The notable response rates on day 7 and 15, along with encouraging EFS and OAS outcomes with Modified St. Jude Total XV in childhood ALL patients underscore the early and high response effect of HDMP. Short-term HDMP can be initiated at the onset of induction, administered at 10 mg/kg/day for the initial 7 days, aiming to minimize potential side effects.
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AIM: This study focused on the anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of CoQ10 in ovaries exposed to pelvic radiation. METHODS: Thirty-two female rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I (control group), Group II: Only 2 Gy pelvic x-ray irradiation (IR) was administered as a single fractioned dose. Group III: 30 mg/kg CoQ10 was administered by oral gavage +2 Gy pelvic IR. Group IV: 150 mg/kg CoQ10 was administered by oral gavage +2 Gy pelvic IR. CoQ10 treatment was started 7 days before pelvic IR and completed 7 days later. The rats in Group III and IV were treated with CoQ10 for a total of 14 days. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis showed severe damage to the ovarian tissue in the radiation group, while both doses of CoQ10 showed normal histological structure. Likewise, while there was a high level of staining in the IR group for necrosis and apoptosis, the CoQ10 treated ones were like the control group. Tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were like the control group in the low-dose CoQ10 group, while the MDA levels of the high dose CoQ10 group were similar to the radiation group. CONCLUSION: Usage of low-dose CoQ10 has a radioprotective effect on radiation-induced ovarian damage. Although the use of high doses is morphologically radioprotective, no antioxidative effect was observed in the biochemical evaluation.
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Ovario , Protectores contra Radiación , Ubiquinona , Femenino , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/farmacología , Ubiquinona/administración & dosificación , Animales , Ratas , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/efectos de la radiación , Ovario/patología , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Rayos X/efectos adversos , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/tratamiento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Traumatismos por Radiación/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Liver fibrosis is a common, progressive disease that affects millions of patients worldwide. In this study, it was aimed at investigating the effect of white tea on liver fibrosis in an in-vivo environment by creating an experimental liver fibrosis model on rats. In this study, an experimental liver fibrosis model was created with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effect of white tea on liver fibrosis. Rats are treated with CCl4 (1 mL/kg) to constitute the liver fibrosis model. White tea was given ad libitum with drinking water. As a result of the study, liver tissue hydroxyproline levels were found to be significantly lower (p = .001) in the white tea group. Histopathologically, it was found that the liver tissue histopathological damage score (LHDS) and fibrosis scoring were significantly lower (p < .001) in the white tea group. However, although it was not statistically significant in the group given white tea, compared with the fibrosis group, it was found that the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver tissues was lower, the glutathione (GSH) level was higher, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were lower. The study explained the effect of white tea on liver fibrosis and suggested that white tea might be beneficial in reducing the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Although radiotherapy is widely employed in the treatment of various malignancies in oncology patients, its use is limited by the toxic effects it causes in surrounding tissues, including the gastrointestinal system. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional drug reported to possess antioxidant and restorative properties in various studies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of KRG against radiation-associated small intestinal damage. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups. No procedure was performed on Group 1 (control) during the experiment, while Group 2 (x-irradiation) was exposed to radiation only. Group 3 (x-irradiation + ginseng) received ginseng via the intraperitoneal route for a week prior to x-irradiation. The rats were killed 24 h after radiation. Small intestinal tissues were evaluated using histochemical and biochemical methods. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) were observed in the x-irradiation group compared to the control group. KRG caused a decrease in MDA and caspase-3 activity and an increase in GSH. Our findings show that it can prevent damage and apoptotic cell death caused by x-irradiation in intestinal tissue and can therefore play a protective role against intestinal injury in patients receiving radiotherapy.
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Panax , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Panax/química , Panax/metabolismo , Intestinos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glutatión/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Eltrombopag has an off-label indication for haematopoietic cell transplantation in patients experiencing delayed thrombocyte recovery and/or thrombocytopaenia. Aims: To present our centre's experience of using this agent not only for post- haematopoietic cell transplantation thrombocytopaenia but also for poor graft functioning in the post-haematopoietic cell transplantation setting. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty-nine patients who had persistent cytopaenia following haematopoietic cell transplantation and treated with eltrombopag at our centre between October 2011 and December 2021 were retrospectively identified. During this period, 9 (23.1%) and 30 (76.9%) patients who underwent allogeneic transplantations, respectively, received eltrombopag. Results: The female-to-male ratio was 12:27, and the median transplant age was 49 (18-70) years. Eight (20.5%) patients had isolated thrombocytopaenia, 19 (49.4%) had bi-lineage cytopaenia and 12 (30.1%) had pancytopaenia. Patients received a median of 50 mg/day (25-150 mg/day) of eltrombopagfor a median duration of 82 (24-386) days. Nine (23.1%) patients had autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation, and 30 (76.9%) had allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (14 unrelated, 9 sibling and 7 haploidentical). The median donor age was 32 (20-67) years. The median follow-up was 16.4 (1.8-84.3) months. The median pre-treatment platelet count was 11x109/l (1-23), which increased to 41x109/l (6-150). The median platelet count increment was 29.5x109/l (p = 0.001). The pre-treatment median neutrophil count was 1.19x109/l (0.39-5.1), which increased to 2.35 x109/l (0.1-5.33) (p = 0.05), and the pre-treatment median haemoglobin was 8.3 (6.2-14) g/dl, which increased to 10 (6.2-14) g/dl (p = 0.001) with eltrombopag. No eltrombopag-related hepatotoxicity occurred; however, 1 (2.6%) patient failed to continue treatment because of two consecutive episodes of deep venous thrombosis. Six (15.4%) patients were unresponsive to eltrombopag and dependent on blood product transfusions. After a median time of 82 days, 61.5% of the patients discontinued eltrombopag successfully. Conclusion: The results confirmed that eltrombopag could provide a rapid, sustained response in patients with poor graft functioning after haematopoietic cell transplantation. This finding is essential given the high rate of non-relapse mortality caused by poor graft functioning after haematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Trombocitopenia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Transversales , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , PlaquetasRESUMEN
Prevention and treatment of hypothermia by active warming in perioperative period care is recommended but scientific evidence of its effectiveness in a clinical setting is scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of warmed intravenous fluids (WIVF) on the core body temperature and the patients' thermal comfort. Baseline data of 105 male patients undergoing TUR-P surgery and bladder irrigation were analyzed. The experimental group was warmed using active WIVF, and the control group's routine care was conducted using a cotton blanket. Body temperature was higher in patients in the experimental group than those in the control group. Repeated measures Manova revealed significantly different core temperature changes between groups (F = 34.446, p = .001). The thermal comfort scores were also higher in the experimental group than in the control group (x2 = 203.552, p = .001). The findings indicated that WIVF can enhance body temperature and improve the thermal comfort of patients.
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Hipotermia , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Temperatura Corporal , Hipotermia/prevención & control , Atención Perioperativa , PacientesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their infants at birth (cord blood) and at six months of age in Turkey, as well as to assess the compliance rates of families with vitamin D supplementation. METHODS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was measured of the mothers before delivery and of the infants both at birth (cord blood) and at six months of age. Infants who received and did not take regular vitamin D supplements were compared in terms of 25(OH) levels. Independent risk factors were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study included a total of 140 pregnant women and their infants. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 95.7% of the mothers. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 87.1% in infants at birth but decreased to 5.8% at sixth month. 65.7% of infants received vitamin D supplements regularly. Despite regular vitamin D use, it was determined that 2.2% of the infants in the supplementation compliant group had vitamin D deficiency. Maternal age, maternal education level, and the number of siblings were determined to be determining factors on infants' 25(OH)D levels at six months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In Turkey, vitamin D deficiency still exists in both pregnant women and infants. Healthcare professionals and the public need to be more educated about the importance of regular supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D levels of infants should be tested periodically and personalized vitamin D supplementation planning is required based on test results.
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Sangre Fetal , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Vitamina D , Vitaminas , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/prevención & control , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
Introduction: Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. The host defense mechanisms are responsible for inflamatuar and destructive reactions in periodontitis. Celastrol is one of the most promising components of the plant in Eastern and Southern China that has a long history of use in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Aim: The aim of this animal study was to inspect the preventive or restrictive effects of celastrol on periodontitis-related inflammatory host response and alveolar bone loss. Methods: 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and experimental periodontitis-celastrol (Ep-Cel). Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures sub-paramarginally around the mandibular first molars of the rats in the Ep and Ep-Cel groups and maintaining the ligatures for 15 days. For 14 days following the ligature placement, celastrol administration (1 mg/kg BW day) for the Ep-Cel group and vehicle injection for the control and Ep groups was carried out. At the end of the experiment, mandibula and gingiva samples were obtained after the euthanasia. Alveolar bone loss was measured on serial histological slices; Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1ß levels were measured on gingiva samples by ELISA. Results: Systemic celastrol administration significantly restricted the alveolar bone loss that was higher in rats with periodontitis. (p < 0.05) Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1ß levels that were high in the gingiva of the rats with periodontitis were found significantly lower in rats administered celastrol. (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Celastrol restricted periodontitis-related alveolar bone loss by suppressing the inflammatory response.
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Blood is a vital reservoir housing numerous disease-related metabolites and cellular components. Thus, it is also of interest for cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely used for molecular detection due to its very high sensitivity and multiplexing properties. Its real potential for cancer diagnosis is not yet clear. In this study, using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as substrates, a number of experimental parameters and scenarios were tested to disclose the potential for this technique for cancer diagnosis. The discrimination of serum samples from cancer patients, healthy individuals and patients with chronic diseases was successfully demonstrated with over 90% diagnostic accuracies. Moreover, the SERS spectra of the blood serum samples obtained from cancer patients before and after tumor removal were compared. It was found that the spectral pattern for serum from cancer patients evolved into the spectral pattern observed with serum from healthy individuals after the removal of tumors. The data strongly suggests that the technique has a tremendous potential for cancer detection and screening bringing the possibility of early detection onto the table.
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Management of nanomaterials and nanosafety data needs to operate under the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) principles and this requires a unique, global identifier for each nanomaterial. Existing identifiers may not always be applicable or sufficient to definitively identify the specific nanomaterial used in a particular study, resulting in the use of textual descriptions in research project communications and reporting. To ensure that internal project documentation can later be linked to publicly released data and knowledge for the specific nanomaterials, or even to specific batches and variants of nanomaterials utilised in that project, a new identifier is proposed: the European Registry of Materials Identifier. We here describe the background to this new identifier, including FAIR interoperability as defined by FAIRSharing, identifiers.org, Bioregistry, and the CHEMINF ontology, and show how it complements other identifiers such as CAS numbers and the ongoing efforts to extend the InChI identifier to cover nanomaterials. We provide examples of its use in various H2020-funded nanosafety projects.
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Hyper immunoglobulin M (HIGM) syndrome is a rare disorder of the immune system with impaired antibody functions. The clinical picture of the patients varies according to the underlying genetic variation. In this study, we identified two novel variants in AID and UNG genes, which are associated with autosomal recessive type HIGM, by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. A biallelic 11 base pair deletion (c.278_288delATGTGGCCGAC) in the coding sequence of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) gene was identified in a 36-year-old patient. Biallelic two base pair insertion in exon 7 of uracil nucleoside glycosylase (UNG) gene (c.924_925insGG) was identified in a 40-year-old patient. Both variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. HIGM, like many of the other primary immunodeficiencies, is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose entity with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. It should be suspected in patients with a history of early-onset recurrent respiratory infections, enlarged lymph nodes, and autoimmune disorders. There might be a delay in diagnosis until adulthood especially in subtle cases or if HIGM is not included in the differential diagnosis due lacking of awareness. In this regard, genetic testing with NGS-based diagnostic panels provide a rapid and reasonable tool for the molecular diagnosis of patients with immunodeficiencies and hence, decrease the time to diagnose and prevent infection-related complications associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
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Citidina Desaminasa , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia con Hiper-IgM , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M , Citidina Desaminasa/genética , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia con Hiper-IgM/genética , Fenotipo , Hipermutación Somática de Inmunoglobulina/genéticaRESUMEN
Destruction of drug resistant and invisible micro-tumors requires innovative screening and treatment modalities. Theranostic nanosystems offering multimodal imaging and therapy are attractive platforms with potential to make micro-tumors visible to clinicians. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are intrinsic theranostic agents and act as fluorescence quenchers. They can be easily transformed to multimodal imaging and combination therapy agents by combining them with various adjuvant therapies such as photodynamic therapy. In this study, we developed a highly specific, hybrid theranostic agent that is only activated when it meets with its stimuli at the site of interest. Surface-coated AuNPs were modified with Cathepsin B cleavable peptide (stimuli responsive linker) and Verteporfin (photosensitizer and fluorescence imaging agent). Unless the theranostic system meets with the internal stimuli in tumor cells, fluorescence is quenched due to AuNP-Verteporfin and Verteporfin-Verteporfin interactions. Following cellular internalization of the theranostic agent, fluorescence is gained by Cathepsin B cleavage and phototoxicity is initiated by light. The system was efficiently internalized by SKOV-3 cells and demonstrated high specificity towards its stimuli. In comparison to Verteporfin, â¼14-fold fluorescence increase, 81% fluorescence recovery and comparable toxicity were achieved. The system is a promising candidate for multimodal imaging and dual treatment to destroy the micro-tumors.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Fotoquimioterapia , Catepsina B/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Liberación de Fármacos , Oro , Humanos , Imagen Multimodal , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Medicina de Precisión , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Verteporfina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Mortality rates associated with myocardial dysfunction due to sepsis and septic shock are generally high across the world. The present study focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of perindopril (PER) for the purpose of preventing the adverse effects of sepsis on the myocardium and developing new alternatives in treatment. The control group received only saline solution via the oral route for 4 days. The second group underwent cecal ligation puncture (CLP), and the third underwent CLP and received PER (2 mg/kg). Rats in the third group received 2 mg/kg PER per oral (p.o.) from 4 days before induction of sepsis. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total thiol (-SH), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), IL-6, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB/p65) levels increased in the CLP groups. In contrast, PER (2 mg/kg) decreased the levels of biochemical parameters other than total-SH and decreased 8-OHdG, NF-κB/p65 immunopositivity in rat heart tissues. The data from this study show that impairment of the oxidant/antioxidant balance and inflammatory cytokine levels in favor of inflammation in heart tissue under septic conditions results in severe tissue damage. PER administration before sepsis was shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by reducing these effects. This in turn increased the importance of PER as new evidence of its protective effects in heart tissue.
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FN-kappa B , Sepsis , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Oxígeno , Perindopril/farmacología , Perindopril/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a very sensitive technique offering unique opportunities for detection and identification of molecules and molecular structures at extremely low concentrations even in complex sample matrixes. Since a nanostructured noble metal surface is required for the enhancement of Raman scattering, the acquired spectral information naturally originates from nanometer size domains making it a nanospectroscopic technique by breaking the diffraction limit of light. In this review, first Raman spectroscopy, its comparison to other related techniques, its modes and instrumentation are briefly introduced. Then, the SERS mechanism, substrates and the parameters influencing a SERS experiment are discussed. Finally, its applications in pharmaceuticals including drug discovery, drug metabolism, multifunctional chemo-photothermal-therapy-delivery-release-imaging, drug stability and drug/metabolite detection in complex biological samples are summarized and elaborated.
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Nanoestructuras , Espectrometría Raman , Humanos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Espectrometría Raman/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Family-based approaches have been reported to be effective in improving overweight or obesity in children. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of changes in body mass index and metabolic parameters between adults with overweight or obesity and their children during a weight-maintenance family-based dietary intervention. METHODS: In a multicentre randomized controlled trial, families with at least one parent with overweight or obesity and one healthy child aged between 5 and 18 years, of which the parents completed an 8-week weight-loss phase successfully, were randomized into five different dietary intervention groups to achieve weight maintenance for 6 months. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured and blood samples were collected before and after the dietary intervention. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient analyses and multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for diet group, centre, child's sex and age. RESULTS: A positive association was found between the change in body mass index (BMI) of the mother and change in BMI-for-age Z-score of first and second child (std ß = 0.248, p = 0.000; std ß = 0.326, p = 0.000, respectively). The change in BMI of the father was only significantly associated with the change in BMI-for-age Z-score of first child (std ß = 0.186, p = 0.031). No consistent pattern of associations between parents and children was found for homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, fasting glucose and fasting insulin. CONCLUSION: This study supports the inclusion of parents into family-based dietary approaches for weight management of their children regardless of the child's weight status in eight different countries throughout Europe.
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Obesidad Infantil , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Dieta , Humanos , Lactante , Sobrepeso , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Extracting molecular level label-free information from complex biological processes for a range of purposes including disease diagnosis and microbial identification and discrimination is always a challenging task. This is mostly due to lack of a technique providing rich molecular information with a high spatial and temporal resolution properties. Two surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopic (SEVS) techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS), are recently attracting considerable attention to study biosystems at an interface since they can satisfy these requirements to a certain level by providing rich intrinsic molecular information from molecules and molecular systems in a close proximity of nanostructured noble metal surfaces. In this study, these two surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopic techniques are comparatively evaluated for the discrimination and identification of Candida albicans (C. albicans), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by paying attention to the source of the observed spectral pattern. The citrate-reduced colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as substrates. The results show that the SEIRAS provides very rich molecular information about the biomolecular species adsorbed onto AgNPs similar to the case of SERS. The discrimination power of SEIRAS is much improved compared to FTIR demonstrated by PCA analysis. This study suggests that SEIRAS can be a potential technique for microbial analysis.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Plata , Escherichia coli , Espectrometría Raman , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMEN
T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting excision circles (KRECs) are DNA fragments potentially indicative of T and B cell development, respectively. Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are a subset of peripheral cells that may also represent thymic function. Here, we investigated TREC/KREC copy numbers by quantitative real-time PCR in the peripheral blood of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs, n = 145) and that of healthy controls (HCs, n = 86) and assessed the correlation between RTEs and TREC copy numbers. We found that TREC copy numbers were significantly lower in children and adults with PIDs (P < .0001 and P < .002, respectively) as compared with their respective age-matched HCs. A moderate correlation was observed between TREC copies and RTE numbers among children with PID (r = .5114, P < .01), whereas no significant correlation was detected between RTE values and TREC content in the HCs (r = .0205, P = .9208). Additionally, we determined TREC and KREC copy numbers in DNA isolated from the Guthrie cards of 200 newborns and showed that this method is applicable to DNA isolated from both peripheral blood samples and dried blood spots, with the two sample types showing comparable TREC and KREC values. We further showed that RTE values are not always reliable markers of T cell output. Although additional confirmatory studies with larger cohorts are needed, our results provide thresholds for TREC/KREC copy numbers for different age groups.
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Linfocitos B/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , ADN/genética , ADN/inmunología , Femenino , Hematopoyesis/genética , Hematopoyesis/inmunología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamizaje Neonatal/métodos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/genética , Inmunodeficiencia Combinada Grave/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: PIVC is one of the essential procedures of modern medicine, and is one of the most widely used and important treatments in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, it is one of the most difficult skills to teach in nursing education, and it is the skill which causes the most anxiety in nursing students. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the teaching method using infrared technology on PIVC success, duration, and the level of psychomotor skills and knowledge in the acquisition of PIVC skills in nursing students. METHODS: This was a pre-test post-test randomized experimental study with a control group. The research was conducted in the Skills and Simulation Laboratory of a Nursing Faculty of a university between December 2019 and February 2020 to examine the effects of teaching PIVC measurement via infrared light on students' success rate. A theory lesson on PIVC followed 15 days later by laboratory practical was carried out with all of the students included in the study. The PIVC Knowledge Evaluation Form as a pre-test. The researchers completed the PIVC Skills Performance Test from observation during the application of the checklist. Immediately after the procedure, the PIVC Knowledge Evaluation Form was applied as a post-test. RESULTS: The procedure success rate of the experimental group was 90%, and that of the control group was 46%. Comparing PIVC skill scores between the groups, the difference was found to be statistically significant (Z = -2.741; p < 0.05). The groups' PIVC knowledge levels increased in a similar way. CONCLUSION: Teaching with infrared technology contributes more to students' success in PIVC skills than does standard teaching. Both methods were effective in developing knowledge of PIVC.
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Cateterismo Periférico , Educación en Enfermería , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Competencia Clínica , Humanos , TecnologíaRESUMEN
In this study, the acidity of urazole (pKa 5-6) was exploited to fabricate a hydrogel in two simple and scalable steps. Commercially available poly(hexamethylene)diisocyanate was used as a precursor to synthesize an urazole containing gel. The formation of urazole was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The hydrogel was characterized by microscopy imaging as well as spectroscopic and thermo-gravimetric analyses. Mechanical analysis and cell viability tests were performed for its initial biocompatibility evaluation. The prepared hydrogel is a highly porous hydrogel with a Young's modulus of 0.91 MPa, has a swelling ratio of 87%, and is capable of exchanging ions in a medium. Finally, a general strategy was demonstrated to embed urazole groups directly into a crosslinked material.
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It is crucial to develop nanocarrier systems to detect and treat drug-resistant micro tumors to prevent recurrence and/or metastasis of cancer. Due to their exceptional features such as biocompatibility, easy surface modification, serving as imaging and therapeutic agent, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) draw attention as theranostic agents. It is beneficial to combine AuNPs with a second imaging and/or treatment modality such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a non-mutagenic treatment approach in which photosensitizer is activated with light, generating reactive oxygen species and/or free radicals to destroy tumor cells. With the aim of developing "off-on" theranostic system, citrate stabilized spherical 13 nm AuNPs were densely coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). To advance the theranostic feature of PEGylated AuNPs, they were further functionalized with FDA-Approved photosensitizer, Verteporfin (BPD-MA). Due to static quenching between BPD-MA and AuNPs as well as in between nearby BPD-MA molecules, the fluorescence of the ground state complex is quenched and the system is in "off" state. When BPD-MA molecules are cleaved from the AuNPs surface and diffuse away, fluorescence is recovered. Consequently, the system switches to the "on" state. Among the various mole ratios of BPD-MA carrying conjugates prepared, the most promising candidate was selected based on stability, quenching factor, and fluorescence recovery rate. The conjugate was further decorated with D-α-Tocopherol succinate (VitES) to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the theranostic agent via enhancing cellular uptake. Our results showed that it was possible to achieve as high as 80 times fluorescence quenching when the system was "off". As the system switched from "off" to "on" state, 51% of the fluorescence was recovered. When BPD-MA was immobilized on the PEGylated AuNPs, the phototoxic effect of BPD-MA increased twice against the MCF-7 cell line. Moreover, the developed system showed four times more phototoxicity than BPD-MA alone after it was decorated with VitES. Since the developed system is capable of dual imaging (computed tomography and fluorescence) and dual treatment (PDT and hyperthermia), it potentially offers superior imaging and therapy options for various types of in vitro/in vivo applications.