Investigation of the prevalence of CKD in 13,383 Chinese hospitalised adult patients.

BACKGROUND: There is an increase prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)worldwide. However, the exact incidence of CKD in China is still uncertain. In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively investigated the prevalence and distribution of CKD in Chinese hospitalised adult patients. METHODS: Totally, 13,383 adults patients who were hospitalised at our hospital were included in this study. They included 6215 males and 7168 females. Patients' gender, age, blood pressure, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, albumin, hemoglobin, hemotocrit, urine protein, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking were investigated. CKD was defined as eGFR<60 ML/ MIN PER 1.73 m(2) and/or proteinuria, GFR was estimated by using of the simplified MDRD equation. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of CKD was 14.82% in our group, which was respectively distributed from 1 to stage 5 at the following percentage, 3.33% (stage 1), 2.49% ( stage 2), 7.07% (stage 3), 1.08% (stage 4), and 0.86% (stage 5). Elderly patients (age >65 y) accounted for 53.07%, which had a higher CKD prevalence (29.47%) than middle and young-aged patients (9.49%). It was noted that 39.06% patients at stage 1-3 were undiagnosed with CKD during their hospitalization. The common etiology for CKD was hypertension (29.49%), diabetes (11.64%) and primary glomerulonephritis (4.39%). Hypertension, diabetes and ages were main associated factors for CKD. CONCLUSIONS: CKD is a very common disease among the hospitalised patients in China. With the increasing of aging population, elderly people will be the highest risk group for CKD. More strategies have to be made for its early detection and prevention.

[Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Chinese hospitalized adult patients: investigation of 13,383 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate the prevalence and distribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hospitalized Chinese adult patients. METHODS: The medical histories of 13,383 adult patients hospitalized in Zhongda Hospital from September 2004 to August 2005, 6215 males and 7168 female, aged (51 +/- 19) (18 - 103), were reviewed. The blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria were investigated. CKD was defined and classified according to the NKF/DOQI guideline. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by using the simplified modification of diet in renal disease study (MDRD) equation. eGFR = 186.3 x serum creatinine(-1.154) x age(-0.203) x (0.742 for women) ml.min(-1).(1.7 3 m2)(-1). RESULTS: The prevalence rate of CKD was 14.82% in this group, and the prevalence rates of CKD of stage 1 to 5 were 3.33%, 2.49%, 7.07%, 1.08%, and 0.86% respectively. 53.07% of the CKD patients were elderly patients (age > 65) with a CKD prevalence rate of 29.47%, significantly higher than that of the middle-aged and young patients (9.49%, P < 0.01). The eGFR levels of 9.01% of the hospitalized patients were below 60 ml.min(-1).(1.73 m2)(-1). The prevalence rate of proteinuria was 8.87%. 39.06% of the patients at stages 1 - 3 failed to be diagnosed as with CKD during their hospitalization. The most common causes of CKD were hypertension (29.49%), diabetes (11.64%), and primary glomerulonephritis (4.39%). Hypertension, diabetes and being elderly were main risk factors for CKD. CONCLUSION: CKD is a very common disease among the hospitalized patients in China. With the increasing number of aging populations, elderly people will be the highest risk group for CKD. More strategies have to be made for its early detection and prevention.

A single chinese center investigation of renal artery stenosis in 141 consecutive cases with coronary angiography.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing prevalence of ischemic nephropathy in the aging population of the world. However, the exact incidence of ischemic nephropathy in the Chinese population is still uncertain. The present study investigated the incidence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) using renal angiography. METHODS: Renal angiography was performed immediately after coronary artery angiography in 141 patients with suspected CAD, including 59 males and 82 females whose mean ages were 59 +/- 10 years. Comorbidities included hypertension (n = 69), diabetes mellitus (n = 21), hyperlipidemia (n = 19), hypokalemia (n = 7) and preoperative renal insufficiency (Cr >132 micromol/l; n = 14). The patients were divided into CAD (luminal narrowing of > or =50%) and non-CAD (luminal narrowing of <50%) subgroups, and RAS (luminal narrowing of > or =50%) and non-RAS subgroups. In the RAS group, there were 11 patients (5 males, 6 females) in whom percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty was performed in conjunction with stent implantation due to refractory hypertension. RESULTS: The incidence of RAS was 18.4% (26/141) in all cases and 30.8% (16/52) in patients with CAD identified by coronary artery angiography. Ten cases with RAS were found among the 89 cases with normal coronary arteries (11.2%). The incidence of RAS in patients with CAD was higher than that in patients without CAD (30.8 vs. 11.2%, p< 0.05). In 52 cases with CAD, the incidence of RAS with three vessel lesions was significantly higher than that with one or two vessel lesions. Hypertension, CAD, renal insufficiency, hyperlipidemia and hypokalemia were associated with a higher risk of RAS. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that RAS is very common in the elderly Chinese population, specifically for those with three vessel lesions in CAD. For early detection of potential ischemic nephropathy, renal angiography is necessary in patients who receive coronary artery angiography.