[A multi-center epidemiological study on pneumococcal meningitis in children from 2019 to 2020]. / 2019­2020å¹´160ä¾‹å„¿ç«¥è‚ºç‚Žé“¾çƒèŒè„‘è†œç‚Žä¸´åºŠæµè¡Œç— å­¦å¤šä¸­å¿ƒç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates in Chinese children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information, laboratory data, and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country. RESULTS: Among the 160 children with PM, there were 103 males and 57 females. The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years, with 109 cases (68.1%) aged 3 months to under 3 years. SP strains were isolated from 95 cases (59.4%) in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases (35.6%) in blood cultures. The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87) and 27% (21/78), respectively. Fifty-five cases (34.4%) had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis, 113 cases (70.6%) had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci, and 18 cases (11.3%) had underlying diseases. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (147 cases, 91.9%), followed by lethargy (98 cases, 61.3%) and vomiting (61 cases, 38.1%). Sixty-nine cases (43.1%) experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization, with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication [43 cases (26.9%)], followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases (15.0%), brain abscess in 23 cases (14.4%), and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases (5.0%). Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old, with rates of 91% (39/43) and 83% (20/24), respectively. SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin (100%, 75/75), linezolid (100%, 56/56), and meropenem (100%, 6/6). High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin (81%, 22/27), moxifloxacin (82%, 14/17), rifampicin (96%, 25/26), and chloramphenicol (91%, 21/23). However, low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin (16%, 11/68) and clindamycin (6%, 1/17), and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%, 31/31). The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160) and 66.2% (106/160), respectively, while 18 cases (11.3%) had adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years. Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old. Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM, and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications. Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates. Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases. SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, meropenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol.

Advances in the study of autophagy in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women, with a high incidence and mortality rate all year round, which seriously affects women's health. Autophagy, a well-conserved cellular process inherent in eukaryotic organisms, plays a pivotal role in degrading damaged proteins and organelles, recycling their breakdown products to aid cells in navigating stress and gradually restoring homeostatic equilibrium. Recent studies have unveiled the intricate connection between autophagy and breast cancer. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in breast cancer, demonstrating a dual role: restraining its onset and progression on one hand, while promoting its metastasis and advancement on the other. It is also because of this interrelationship between the two that regulation of autophagy in the treatment of breast cancer is now an important strategy in clinical treatment. In this article, we systematically survey the recent research findings, elucidating the multifaceted role of autophagy in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms, with the aim of contributing new references to the clinical management of breast cancer.

Diagnostic status and epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in children from 2019 to 2020: a multicenter retrospective study.

Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The epidemiology of CABM is regional and highly dynamic. To clarify the diagnostic status and epidemiological characteristics of children with CABM in this region, and pay attention to the disease burden, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CABM. By retrospective case analysis, the clinical data of 918 CABM cases in children aged 0-14 years in Zhejiang Province from January, 2019 to December, 2020 were collected. The etiological diagnosis rate of CABM in children was 23.1%, the annual incidence rate 4.42-6.15/100,000, the annual mortality rate 0.06-0.09/100,000,the cure and improvement rate 94.4%, and the case fatality rate 1.4%. The total incidence of neuroimaging abnormalities was 20.6%. The median length of stay for CABM children was 20(16) days, with an average cost of 21,531(24,835) yuan. In addition, the incidence rate was decreased with age. Escherichia coli(E.coli) and group B Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS) were the principal pathogens in CABM infant<3 months(43.3%, 34.1%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae(S. pneumoniae) was the most common pathogen in children ≥ 3 months(33.9%). In conclusion, the annual incidence and mortality of CABM in children aged 0-14 years in Zhejiang Province are at intermediate and low level. The distribution of CABM incidence and pathogen spectrum are different in age; the incidence of abnormal neuroimaging is high; and the economic burden is heavy.

Research progress on exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the occurrence and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 中华预防医学杂志

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the chronic complications of diabetic neuropathy, and also the main cause of chronic wounds and disability. Exosomes and exosomal-microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to DPN and participate in the signal transduction and protein expression of the peripheral nervous system by mediating intercellular communication. However, the specific role and mechanism of EVs and exosomal-miRNAs in the occurrence and development of DPN in high-glucose environments are not fully understood. This article reviews the promotion of EVs and exosomal-miRNAs in the occurrence and development of DPN in inhibiting axon growth, promoting inflammatory response, and inducing vascular injury in a high glucose environment.

Regulatory Effect of Modified Banxia Shumi Decoction on Orexin and Its Receptor in Hypothalamus of Insomnia Model Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Modified Banxia Shumi Decoction on p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia model rats.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups,i.e.,the normal group,the model group,the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Chinese medicine and the Diazepam group,with 8 rats in each group.For 7 consecutive days before modeling,rats in the Chinese medicine low-,medium-and high-dose groups were treated with Modified Banxia Shumi Decoction for prophylactic treatment.Except for the normal group,PCPA-induced insomnia rat model was established in all groups.After modeling on day 1,each group continued to be administered the corresponding drug for 7 days.Body mass was monitored,open-field behavioral tests were performed,serum levels of orexin A(OXA)and orexin B(OXB)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the expression of hypothalamic orexin receptor 1(OX1R)was determined by immunohistochemistry,and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathologic changes in the hypothalamus of rats.Results(1)Before modeling,the growth trend of body mass of rats in each group was smooth,with no significant difference between groups;after modeling,except for the normal group,the growth rate of body mass of rats in each group slowed down or even declined;after 14 days of administration of Modified Banxia Shumi Decoction,the body mass of the Chinese medicine medium-dose group was significantly increased compared with that of the model group(P＜0.01).(2)Compared with the normal group,the model group showed an increase in the total distance of activity in the open field,the distance of activity in the central region and the number of times of entering the central region(P＜0.01),a significant increase in serum OXA and OXB contents(P＜0.01),a significant increase in the expression of hypothalamic OX1R(P＜0.01),and HE staining showed mild hyperplasia of the hypothalamic glial cells;compared with the model group,the total distance of activity in the open field,the distance of activity in the central region and the number of times entering the central region were reduced in the rats in the Chinese medicine medium-dose group and the Diazepam group(P＜0.01),the levels of serum OXA and OXB were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),the expression of hypothalamic OX1R was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and the HE staining showed that a large number of neurons with perineurial interspace enlarged and the local glial cell hyperplasia.Conclusion Modified Banxia Shumi Decoction can improve insomnia and reduce anxiety in rats by down-regulating the levels of OXA and OXB in serum and the expression of OX1R in the hypothalamus.

Analysis of the Disease Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Attributable to High BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 based on Joinpoint Regression Model / 中国卫生统计

Objective To analyze the disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)attributable to high body mass index(BMI)in China from 1990 to 2019 in the context of rapid growth in high BMI rates.Methods Data was extracted from GBD 2019,and the disease burden of T2DM attributable to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 was analyzed for overall and subgroups defined by age and sex separately and jointly.The joinpoint regression models were used to analyze the trends of standardized death rate and standardized disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rate.Results From 1990 to 2019,the prevalence of T2DM increased from 2928.78 per 100000 to 6328.79 per 100000 in China.The number of T2DM deaths attributed to high BMI increased from 10500 to 47500 and the standardized death rate increased from 1.25 per 100000 to 2.39 per 100000.The attributed DALY increased from 771800 person-years to 3737600 person-years,and the standardized DALY rate increased from 80.21 per 100000 to 181.54 per 100000.Years of life lost(YLL)and years lived with disability(YLD)and their standardized rates also increased.From 1990 to 2019,the annual average percentage change of the standardized death rate and the standardized DALY rate of T2DM attributable to high BMI were 2.28%and 2.81%,respectively,which were statistically significant(P<0.05)and males were both higher than females.The standardized DALY rate and the standardized death rate of males exceeded that of females in 2010 and 2014,respectively.Age-stratified results showed that the burden of T2DM,which is attributed to a high BMI,is even greater in people over 50 years old.The YLD rate attributable to high BMI increased the most among the 15～49 age group,reaching 323.99%.Conclusion From 1990 to 2019,the disease burden of T2DM that can be attributed to high BMI increased significantly in China.It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control efforts,effectively manage population BMI,and adopt key interventions for high-risk groups to reduce the disease burden of T2DM.

The effect of high-power atrial fibrillation ablation on intraoperative acute pulmonary vein isolation and postoperative troponin levels / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To compare the effects of high-power and conventional power atrial fibrillation ablation on intraoperative acute pulmonary vein isolation, postoperative troponin levels, and atrial fibrillation recurrence.Methods:A retrospective selection was conducted on 105 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation admitted to the Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a high-power ablation group of 52 cases and a conventional power ablation group of 53 cases. The intraoperative rate of single circle acute pulmonary vein isolation, the recovery of electrical conduction after acute pulmonary vein isolation, and the location and number of points that need to be added were compared between the two groups; At the same time, two groups were compared in terms of surgical time, ablation time, surgical radiation exposure time and radiation dose, intraoperative complications postoperative cardiac troponin levels at 12 hours, and recurrence of atrial fibrillation within 1 year after ablation.Results:The intraoperative single loop pulmonary vein isolation rate and postoperative troponin levels in the high-power atrial fibrillation ablation group were higher than those in the conventional atrial fibrillation ablation group (all P<0.05). The surgical time, ablation time, and the number of sites and points that need to be added during surgery were less than those in the conventional atrial fibrillation ablation group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications and postoperative atrial fibrillation recurrence between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:High power atrial fibrillation ablation has a higher single loop acute pulmonary vein isolation rate, fewer patch sites and points, shorter surgical time, and greater ablation damage compared to conventional ablation, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups is similar after surgery.

Serum TSH levels in women aged 40 and above : association with lifespan and 10-year mortality / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) levels and 10-year mortality in women aged 40 years and older.Methods:Residents aged 40 and over in urban areas of Guiyang City who participated in the " Epidemiological Study of Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China(REACTION)" were followed up in 2011. Finally, 5 614 people were enrolled, and the baseline general information, physical examination and TSH detection were carried out. The average follow-up was(9.77±1.55) years, and the treatment and death of thyroid-related diseases were recorded. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relationship between TSH level and 10-year mortality in middle-aged and elderly women, and plotting survival time curves(Kaplan-Meier curves) to study the association between elevated TSH levels and lifespan in subjects under 65 years old. Results:The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that compared with the normal group, after multivariate adjustment, the risk of death in the TSH increased group was decreased( HR=0.644, 95% CI 0.478-0.868, P<0.05); after stratifying the elevated TSH group, the risk of death was decreased in the slightly elevated TSH group( HR=0.566, 95% CI 0.405-0.791, P<0.001); the elevated TSH group was further stratified by age. In the group under 65 years old, compared to the normal group, the mildly elevated group showed a reduced risk of mortality( HR=0.429, 95% CI 0.245-0.751, P=0.003). In the group aged 65 and above, there were no statistically significant differences in mortality risk between the mildly elevated group, severely elevated group, and the normal group( P>0.05). In the group under 65 years old, the K-M curve indicated that the survival rate of the mildly elevated TSH group was significantly higher than that of the normal group( χ2=11.931, P=0.003), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion:Mildly elevated TSH levels in women aged 40-65 years are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause death and longer lifespan.

Research progress on exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the occurrence and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 中华预防医学杂志

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the chronic complications of diabetic neuropathy, and also the main cause of chronic wounds and disability. Exosomes and exosomal-microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to DPN and participate in the signal transduction and protein expression of the peripheral nervous system by mediating intercellular communication. However, the specific role and mechanism of EVs and exosomal-miRNAs in the occurrence and development of DPN in high-glucose environments are not fully understood. This article reviews the promotion of EVs and exosomal-miRNAs in the occurrence and development of DPN in inhibiting axon growth, promoting inflammatory response, and inducing vascular injury in a high glucose environment.

Targeting stroma and tumor, silencing galectin 1 treats orthotopic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma

This study examines inhibiting galectin 1 (Gal1) as a treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal1 has immunosuppressive and cancer-promoting roles. Our data showed that Gal1 was highly expressed in human and mouse HCC. The levels of Gal1 positively correlated with the stages of human HCC and negatively with survival. The roles of Gal1 in HCC were studied using overexpression (OE) or silencing using Igals1 siRNA delivered by AAV9. Prior to HCC initiation induced by RAS and AKT mutations, lgals1-OE and silencing had opposite impacts on tumor load. The treatment effect of lgals1 siRNA was further demonstrated by intersecting HCC at different time points when the tumor load had already reached 9% or even 42% of the body weight. Comparing spatial transcriptomic profiles of Gal1 silenced and OE HCC, inhibiting matrix formation and recognition of foreign antigen in CD45+ cell-enriched areas located at tumor-margin likely contributed to the anti-HCC effects of Gal1 silencing. Within the tumors, silencing Gal1 inhibited translational initiation, elongation, and termination. Furthermore, Gal1 silencing increased immune cells as well as expanded cytotoxic T cells within the tumor, and the anti-HCC effect of lgals1 siRNA was CD8-dependent. Overall, Gal1 silencing has a promising potential for HCC treatment.

Prevalence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder and its determinants in Mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder reported by population-based studies have significantly varied and the data are all collected from regional populations in Mainland China. AIMS: To utilize published data to estimate the overall prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder and its determinants in Mainland China. METHODS: Comprehensively electronic searches were performed across six English databases and three Chinese databases. Random effects of the meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the pooled prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. Meta-regression was performed with the variable of study design, sample size, setting, measures, region, time points, and publication year. RESULTS: Totaling of nineteen studies was included, with a sample size of 13,231 postpartum women. The pooled prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder was 11.2 % in Mainland China, with a higher prevalence at the timepoint within 1 month postpartum (18.1 %). Significant publication bias and heterogeneity were found (I2 = 97.1 %). Sample size and measurements were conditional on the prevalence of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. Postpartum depressive symptoms, sleep problems, cesarean section, and low levels of social support were the major risk factors for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. While being the one child in the family was the protective factor. CONCLUSION: An increasing prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder within one month postpartum significantly arises awareness to provide screening and more mental health services during this period. Screening programs for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder are still needed in Mainland China.

Artifact removal for unpaired thorax CBCT images using a feature fusion residual network and contextual loss.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become a more and more active cutting-edge topic in the international computed tomography (CT) research due to its advantages of fast scanning speed, high ray utilization rate and high precision. However, scatter artifacts affect the imaging performance of CBCT, which hinders its application seriously. Therefore, our study aimed to propose a novel algorithm for scatter artifacts suppression in thorax CBCT based on a feature fusion residual network (FFRN), where the contextual loss was introduced to adapt the unpaired datasets better. METHODS: In the method we proposed, a FFRN with contextual loss was used to reduce CBCT artifacts in the region of chest. Unlike L1 or L2 loss, the contextual loss function makes input images which are not aligned strictly in space available, so we performed it on our unpaired datasets. The algorithm aims to reduce artifacts via studying the mapping between CBCT and CT images, where the CBCT images were set as the beginning while planning CT images as the end. RESULTS: The proposed method effectively removes artifacts in thorax CBCT, including shadow artifacts and cup artifacts which can be collectively referred to as uneven grayscale artifacts, in the CBCT image, and perform well in preserving details and maintaining the original shape. In addition, the average PSNR number of our proposed method achieved 27.7, which was higher than the methods this paper referred which indicated the significance of our method. CONCLUSIONS: What is revealed by the results is that our method provides a highly effective, rapid, and robust solution for the removal of scatter artifacts in thorax CBCT images. Moreover, as is shown in Table 1, our method has demonstrated better artifact reduction capability than other methods.

Comparison of omadacycline and meropenem plus linezolid in treatment of pulmonary infection: A real-world cohort study / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of omacycline with meropenem plus linezolid in the treatment of patients with pulmonary infection.Methods:The clinical data of 58 patients with pulmonary infection admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital and Jiande First People’s Hospital from December 2021 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the omacycline group ( n=29) and the meropenem combined with linezolid group (combined group, n=29). The omacycline group was given intravenous omacycline 200 mg or 100 mg, q. d, and the combined group was given intravenous meropenem (1 000 mg, t.i.d) and linezolid (600 mg, b. i.d). The clinical efficacy and drug-related adverse events of two groups were observed. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results:In the omacycline group, 8 cases (27.6%, 8/29) were cured, 19 cases (65.5%, 19/29) were improved, and 2 cases (6.9%, 2/29) were worsened. In the combined group, 1 case (3.4%, 1/29) was cured, 26 cases (89.7%, 26/29) were improved, and 2 cases (6.9%, 2/29) died. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=6.533, P=0.038). The respiratory failure occurred in 3 cases (10.3%, 3/29) of the omacycline group and 5 cases (17.2%, 5/29) of the combined group ( χ2=0.580, P=0.446). In those patients who were cured or improved, the median time from treatment initiation to disease remission was 3.0 (2.0, 5.5) d in the omacycline group and 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) d in the combined group ( Z=-2.122, P=0.034). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [6.9% (2/29) vs. 13.8% (4/29), χ2=0.744, P=0.389]. Conclusion:Omacycline exhibits a good efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with pulmonary infection, which may be prioritized for the treatment of pulmonary infections.

Impact of the interaction between metabolic syndrome and smoking on the risk of cardiovascular events / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of the interaction between metabolic syndrome and smoking on the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.Methods:Urban residents aged 40 and above in the Yunyan District of Guiyang City were selected from " Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal(REACTION) Study". The baseline survey started in 2011 and general information including gender, age, medical history, lifestyle habits, and smoking status were collected. Additionally, biochemical indicators related to metabolic syndrome(MS) were measured. The study participants were then followed up, and the first cardiovascular events occurring after the initial survey were recorded. The average follow-up period was 10.07±1.49 years. The interaction between metabolic syndrome and smoking on subsequent cardiovascular events was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results:The study included a total of 7 275 individuals, among whom 639 experienced cardiovascular events. After adjusting for multiple variables, compared to non-smokers without metabolic syndrome(MS), smokers with MS showed a higher risk of cardiovascular events, with a hazard ratio( HR) of 6.54(95% CI 4.88, 8.78). This risk was higher than that of individuals with MS who never smoked [ HR 1.39(95% CI 1.11, 1.75)] and non-MS smokers [ HR 2.48(95% CI 1.77, 3.49)]. There was an additive interaction between MS and smoking on the occurrence of cardiovascular events, with a relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI) of 3.30(95% CI 1.89, 4.70), an attributable proportion(AP) of 0.55(95% CI 0.43, 0.59), and a synergy index(S) of 3.07(95% CI 1.94, 4.84). Furthermore, when stratifying the duration of smoking cessation, long-term quitters(≥8 years) showed a lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to current smokers, regardless of whether they had MS. The hazard ratios were 0.45(95% CI 0.26, 0.78) for individuals with MS and 0.42(95% CI 0.19, 0.95) for individuals without MS. Conclusions:There is an additive interaction between smoking and MS on the risk of cardiovascular events. The coexistence of both factors significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events.

Interpretation of the key points of the 2022 White Paper on the Quality of Life of Chinese Lung Cancer Patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Recently, sponsored by the Science Popularization Department of the China Anti Cancer Association, jointly organized by the Rehabilitation Branch of the China Anti Cancer Association and the Mijian Digital Cancer Patient Course Management Platform, and co-organized by the Science Popularization Special Committee of the China Anti Cancer Association, The "2022 White Paper on the Quality of Life of Chinese Lung Cancer Patients" has been officially released (herein after referred to as the "White Paper"), which mainly elaborates on the basic situation of Chinese lung cancer patients and the medical, social, and economic impacts caused by the disease. This article interprets the White Paper in order to help the public understand the real situation of lung cancer patients and provide important empirical evidence and valuable insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of lung cancer in China.

Research progress of Eubacterium and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids in regulating type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华预防医学杂志

Intestinal flora and its metabolites are closely related to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Eubacterium is one of the dominant intestinal flora, and its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a leading role in regulating intestinal metabolic balance. It has been reported that SCFAs can regulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1, improve the function of pancreatic β cells, participate in bile acids metabolism and regulate the production of inflammatory factors in T2DM. Based on the above research background, this article mainly reviews the relationship between Eubacterium and its metabolite SCFAs and T2DM and its regulatory mechanism.

Influence of paper mixing pads thickness on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of the thickness of mixed cardboard on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement and the associated factors.@*METHODS@#Three different types of glass ionomer cements were mixed on the top of 60, 40, 20 and 1 pieces of paper (P60, P40, P20 and P1), respectively. The compressive strength of the materials was tested after solidification, and the bubble rate was calculated with the assistance of scanning electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#(1) Compressive strength: ① ChemFil Superior glass ionomer (CF): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was significantly different from that of P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.041 and 0.032 respectively); ② To Fuji IX GP glass ionomer (IX): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was statistically different from that of P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.042 and 0.038 respectively); ③ Glaslonomer FX-Ⅱ glass ionomer cement (FX): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was statistically different from that of P20, P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.031, 0.040 and 0.041 respectively), but there was no statistical difference among the other groups. All the three materials showed that the compressive strength of glass ions gradually increased with the decrease of the thickness of the blended paperboard, and the two materials had a highly linear negative correlation, the correlation coefficients of which were CF-0.927, IX-0.989, FX-0.892, respectively. (2) Scanning electron microscope: P1 group had the least bubbles among the three materials.@*CONCLUSION@#It indicates that the thickness of mixed cardboard has a negative correlation with the compressive strength of glass ions. The thicker the mixed cardboard is, the greater the elasticity is. Excessive elasticity will accelerate the mixing speed when the grinding glass ions. Studies have shown that the faster the speed of artificial mixing is, the more bubbles is produced.The thicker ther mixed cardboard is, the more bubblesn are generated by glass ionomer cement, and the higher the compressive strength is. Using one piece of paper board to mix glass ionomer cement has the least bubbles and can obtain higher compressive strength.

Mining and analysis of the ADE signals of avapritinib based on FAERS database / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for clinically safe application of avapritinib. METHODS The adverse drug event （ADE） reports of avapritinib from January 9th，2020，to September 30th，2022 were collected from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System （FAERS） database. For data mining and analysis，reporting odds ratio （ROR） method and proportional reporting ratio （PRR） method in the proportional imbalance method were utilized. RESULTS A total of 10 895 ADE reports with avapritinib as the main suspect drug were gathered，and 201 ADE signals involving 19 systematic organ classifications were found after eliminating invalid signals. The instruction of the drugs did not mention any of the ADE，including tinnitus，dementia，chilly limbs， the reduction of blood iron，the reduction of blood sugar，fever，the reduction of vitamin D and vitamin B12，as well as all ADE in the 2 SOCs of musculoskeletal and connective tissue illnesses，diseases of the reproductive system，and diseases of the breast. The majority of the ADE reports 670 cases with complete drug information were for the nervous system （230 cases，accounting for 34.33%） and ocular organ （277 cases，accounting for 41.34%）. Compared with other systems，daily dose and treatment course showed significant effects on ADE of neurological system and ocular organ （P＜0.05），and the patient’s age had a significant impact on the ADE of the nervous system （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS A greater incidence of ADE after using avapritinib is present in patients older than 65 with a daily dose of 300 mg/d and a treatment period lasting between 31 and 90 days； patients receiving a daily dose of 300 mg/d and a treatment regimen lasting 31 to 90 days are more likely to experience ADE of the ocular organ. Attention should be given to the aberrant symptoms of the patient’s eyes and nervous system throughout clinical use of avapritinib，and prompt intervention should be given.

Research on the establishment of standard limits for perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB5749-2022）"in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Perfluorinated compounds, especially Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are widely detected in water environments in China. Considering the potential health risks of drinking water exposure routes, PFOA and PFOS have been added to the water quality reference index of the newly issued "Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2022)", with limit values of 40 and 80 ng/L, respectively. This study analyzed and discussed the relevant technical contents for determining the limits of the hygiene standard, including the environmental existence level and exposure status of PFOA and PFOS, health effects, derivation of safety reference values, and determination of hygiene standard limits. It also proposed prospects for the future direction of formulating drinking water standards.