Analysis of the core knowledge level of chronic diseases in Chinese adults and related factors / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To understand the core knowledge level and influencing factors of chronic disease prevention and control in Adults in China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating chronic disease prevention and control measures. Methods: In this study, cross-sectional survey and quota sampling were used to recruit 173 819 permanent residents aged 18 and above from 302 counties of adult chronic diseases and nutrition surveillance in China to conduct an online questionnaire survey, including basic information and core knowledge of chronic diseases. The scores of the core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control were described by median and interquartile range, the Wilcoxon rank sum test or the Kruskal Wallis test was used for the inter-group comparison, and the correlation factors of the total score were analyzed by the multilinear regression model. Results: A total of 172 808 participants were surveyed in 302 counties and districts, of which 42.60%(73 623) were male and 57.40%(99 185) were female; The proportion of respondents aged 18-44, 45-59, and 60 years old and above was 54.74% (94 594), 30.91% (53 423) and 14.35% (24 791), respectively. The total score of the core knowledge of chronic prevention and control in the total population was 66(13), and the scores of different characteristic groups were different, and the differences were statistically significant: the eastern region had the highest score at 67(11) (H=840.66, P<0.01), the urban 66(12) was higher than the rural 65(14) (Z=-31.35, P<0.01), and the male 66(14) was lower than female 66(12) (Z=-11.66, P<0.01), 18-24 years old 64(13) was lower than other age groups(H=115.80, P<0.01), and undergraduate degree and above had the highest score compared to other academic qualifications, with 68(9) points(H=2 547.25, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that eastern (t=27.42, P<0.01), central (t=17.33, P<0.01), urban (t=5.69, P<0.01), female (t=17.81, P<0.01), high age (t=46.04, P<0.01) and high education (t=57.77, P<0.01) had higher scores of core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control than other groups, the scores of core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control of professional and technical personnel (t=8.63, P<0.01), state enterprises and institutions (t=38.67, P<0.01), agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy production (t=5.30, P<0.01), production, transportation and commercial personnel (t=24.87, P<0.01), and other workers (t=8.89, P<0.01) were higher than those of non-employed people. Conclusion: There are differences in the total scores of the core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control in different characteristics of people in China, and in the future, health education on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be strengthened for specific groups to improve the knowledge level of residents.

Lifestyle improvement and the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease: the China-PAR project / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#The benefits of healthy lifestyles are well recognized. However, the extent to which improving unhealthy lifestyles reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk needs to be discussed. We evaluated the impact of lifestyle improvement on CVD incidence using data from the China-PAR project (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China).@*METHODS@#A total of 12,588 participants free of CVD were followed up for three visits after the baseline examination. Changes in four lifestyle factors (LFs) (smoking, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) were assessed through questionnaires from the baseline to the first follow-up visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk advancement periods (RAPs: the age difference between exposed and unexposed participants reaching the same incident CVD risk) and population-attributable risk percentage (PAR%) were also calculated.@*RESULTS@#A total of 909 incident CVD cases occurred over a median follow-up of 11.14 years. Compared with maintaining 0-1 healthy LFs, maintaining 3-4 healthy LFs was associated with a 40% risk reduction of incident CVD (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.79) and delayed CVD risk by 6.31 years (RAP: -6.31 [-9.92, -2.70] years). The PAR% of maintaining 3-4 unhealthy LFs was 22.0% compared to maintaining 0-1 unhealthy LFs. Besides, compared with maintaining two healthy LFs, improving healthy LFs from 2 to 3-4 was associated with a 23% lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Long-term sustenance of healthy lifestyles or improving unhealthy lifestyles can reduce and delay CVD risk.

Environmental filtering drives the establishment of the distinctive rhizosphere, bulk, and root nodule bacterial communities of Sophora davidii in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau of China.

In addition to the rhizobia, other non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs) have been simultaneously isolated from the root nodules. The existence of NREs in leguminous root nodules is a universal phenomenon, and they have the potential to enhance legume survival, especially under conditions of environmental stress. However, the diversity and biogeographic patterns of microbial communities inhabiting root nodules are not well studied or understood. Here, we explored and characterized the diversity of NRE bacteria by using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Additionally, we compared the biogeography and co-occurrence patterns in review of the bacterial microbiota inhabiting the rhizosphere, the bulk soil and the root nodule bacterial communities associated with Sophora davidii, a native N-fixing wild leguminous shrub in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed the presence of a large diversity of bacteria belonging to 81 phyla, 154 classes, 333 orders, 463 families, and 732 genera inside the nodules. Proteobacteria were dominant in the nodule and rhizosphere soil samples, and Actinomycetes were dominant in the bulk soil samples. Mesorhizobium was the dominant genus in the nodules, accounting for between 60.15 and 83.74% of the bacteria. The microbial community composition of the NRE in the root nodules differed from that in the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil of S. davidii. Moreover, we found that the biogeographic patterns and assembly process of the rhizobia and non-rhizobia communities differed in the root nodule, the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the soil's physical and chemical properties and the bacteria showed that available phosphorus was the predominant factor affecting the bacterial diversity within the rhizosphere soil. Finally, our results revealed that the microbial network diagram of co-occurrence patterns showed more complexes in the soil than in the root nodules. This indicates that only specific microorganisms could colonize and thrive in the rhizosphere through the selection and filtering effects of roots. In conclusion, there are significant differences in bacterial community composition in the nodules, rhizosphere and bulk soil in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which is the result of environmental filtration. Our study improves the understanding of the biogeographic patterns and diversity of bacterial microbiota inhabiting root nodules and can help quantify and define the root nodule assemblage process of S. davidii.

Pathogenesis effect of serum chromium on oral cancer based on propensity score matching / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of serum chromium on oral cancer after adjusting the covarite between groups based on propensity score matching (PSM). Methods We performed a case-control study in 395 cases of newly diagnosed primary oral cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and 1 240 controls from the same community from January 2010 to February 2018. Using the PSM to select 309 controls randomly which were matched with the cases by 1 ∶1 matching. Conditional Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between chromium and oral cancer. Results The level of serum chromium was 178.91 (121.83-284.19) μg/L in the case group, which was lower than 324.27 (264.82-397.69) μg/L in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). Dose-response analysis showed that the risk of oral cancer gradually decreased with the increase of serum chromium, which presented a negative correlation. There was a negative correlation between serum chromium level and the risk for oral cancer by conditional Logistic regression,the aOR of serum chromium in the Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with the Q1 were 0.14 (0.08-0.26), 0.15 (0.08-0.28) and 0.10 (0.05-0.20),with significant trend (Ptrend＜0.001). Stratified analysis showed the negative correlation between serum chromium and oral cancer by smoking, drinking tea, not drinking alcohol status and fish, fruits and green vegetables intake frequencies. Conclusions The high level of serum chromium is a protective factor for the incidence of oral cancer, and the higher of serum chromium, the lower risk of developing oral cancer.

Clinical observation of cutting fluctuations on central corneal thickness after laser subepithelial keratomileusis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the percentage of cutting fluctuations of central corneal thickness (CCT) intraoperative used low concentration (0.02%) mitomycin C (MMC) after laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).METHODS:In this prospective study, low and medium myopia group(spherical equivalent≤6.0DS) has 138 patients (276 eyes).Low concentration MMC used topically in 69 patients(138 eyes)randomized after excimer laser ablation;the another traditional LASEK as control.High myopia group(6.0DS

Isolation, identification and inhibition activity of endophytes in Fengdan / 中国中药杂志

Endophytes were isolated and purified from the roots of medicinal plant Fengdan also known as Paeonia suffruticosa from Tongling region, Anhui province, China. Morphology and molecular biology methods were applied to indentify the endophyte strains. And methods of growth rate and filtering paper were also used for studying antibacterial/antifungal effects of the strains. As a result, 129 endophyte strains were isolated. Fifty-eight endophytic fungi strains were identified as 6 species in 4 genera and the dominant genus was Fusarium. Seventy-one endophytic bacteria strains were identified as 9 species in 3 genera and the dominant genus was Bacillus. Inhibitory diameter with endophytic fermenting liquid of Pseudomonas chlororaphis, F. nematophilum and B. megaterium from P. suffruticosa against Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli and B. subtilis reached 25.0,20.2,24.0 mm respectively. The inhibition rate of endophytic fermenting liquid from F. nematophilum against Penicillium sp. and Colletotrichum dematium reached 90.6% and 83.3%, respectively. The inhibition effect of P. chlororaphis against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Mucor sp. was good and the antifungal rate reached 80.0% and 84.9%, respectively. P. suffruticosa in Tongling region contains abundant endophytes. P. chlororaphis and F. nematophilum are valuable species as starting strain about microbicide.

Effectiveness analysis on the physical activity and the health benefit of a community population based program / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the community-based health promotion effect of physical activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The residents aged 18 and above from two communities in Gongshu District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang province, were randomly selected and recruited for the multi-strategy and comprehensive physical activity intervention. Questionnaire survey, physical check up and blood biochemistry were conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After this two-year intervention, the time of the participant spent on weekly physical activity of moderate intensity increased from 464 min to 542 min (P<0.05), with an average increase of 78 min. Time spent in walking every week increased from 533 min to 678 min (P<0.05), with an average increase of 145 min. The body weight, waistline, blood pressure and heart rate all reduced significantly (P<0.05); the vital capacity increased significantly (P<0.05); and the related biochemical indicators were also improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Comprehensive and evidence-based physical activity interventions targeting community population can improve the levels of physical activity, related body measurement and biochemical indicators.</p>