RESUMEN
Various health risk assessment models have been developed to evaluate occupational pesticide exposure in China. However, there has been limited investigation into the relationship between health risks and pesticide spraying in orchards. In this study, we analyzed pesticide exposure of applicators while spraying with a stretcher-mounted sprayer in orchards located in four different climatic regions. All garments' unit exposure (UE) demonstrated a right-skewed distribution, with gloves and shins accounting for the highest proportion of dermal pesticide exposure. We observed little difference in dermal and inhalation UE levels between apple and citrus orchards, except for pesticide exposure levels on wipes and faces. While 57% of the inhalation UE distribution variance was attributed to clustering and location effects, no significant differences were observed in dermal exposure levels. We evaluated the impact of different levels of protective clothing on pesticide exposure levels, according to applicators' working habits in China. Our findings revealed that improved levels of protection significantly reduced dermal exposure to pesticides, particularly when wearing gloves during spraying with a stretcher-mounted sprayer. Based on our empirical data, we utilized a simple random sampling model and an intercept-only lognormal mixed model to estimate dermal and inhalation exposure levels. The estimated dermal UE was accurate to within 3-fold with 95% confidence, and half of the estimated inhalation UE was acceptable according to the fold relative accuracy (fRA). Our established and verified statistics for dermal and inhalation UE can be utilized to evaluate the potential pesticide exposure to applicators during spraying in orchards with a stretcher-mounted sprayer.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the content of Indirubin in Banlangen granules. METHODS: The choromatographic separation was performed on C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with column temperature set at 30 ℃. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(76∶24) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The dete-ction wavelength was set at 289 nm.RESULTS:The calibration curve of Indirubin was linear in the range of 0.073 5～0.612 5 ?g (r=0.999 9) and the average recovery was 98.78%(RSD=0.74%,n=9).CONCLUISON: The method is rapid and accurate, and it can be used for quality control of Banlangen granules.