RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To report cerebral blood flow changes during attacks of hemiplegic migraine with prolonged aura (HMPA) longer than 24 h in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) with a novel gene mutation. METHODS: The authors performed serial neuroimaging studies during acute stage and after recovery of aura symptoms in eight HMPA attacks in two affected individuals of the Japanese family of FHM during a 10-year-observational period. The authors also performed a mutational analysis for all exons of the CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A genes in three individuals of this family. RESULTS: Each patient had an individual 'predominantly affected hemisphere,' that is, susceptible to hemiplegia during an HMPA attack. Migraine aura lasted 4 to 12 days. Neuroimaging studies performed on days 1 to 4 showed hyperperfusion in the affected hemisphere contralateral to hemiplegia in five attacks, hypoperfusion in three, middle cerebral artery vasodilation in five and augmented vasogenic leakage with cortical oedema in one. Hyperperfusion developed more frequently than hypoperfusion in the 'predominantly affected hemisphere,' whereas only hypoperfusion developed in the 'non-predominantly affected hemisphere.' All changes were fully reversible. The authors identified a novel heterozygous p.H916L mutation in the ATP1A2 gene in all three individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Although the perfusion state could be different depending on the time course of migraine or the timing of scans in relation to cortical spreading depression, prolonged aura symptoms in this family were frequently associated with hyperperfusion and middle cerebral artery vasodilation. Hyperperfusion tended to occur in the 'predominantly affected hemisphere,' but the mechanism of HMPA awaits further investigations on additional cases of FHM2.
Asunto(s)
Circulación Cerebrovascular/genética , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Migraña con Aura/genética , Migraña con Aura/fisiopatología , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/genética , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Anciano , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Autorradiografía , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Metilprednisolona/administración & dosificación , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Mutación , Linaje , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón ÚnicoRESUMEN
Orexin-A is a neuropeptide involved in the control feeding, arousal or sleep behavior in the hypothalamus. In the present study, the cortex and lateral hypothalamus of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-reperfusion brain injury were examined by double immunofluorescence staining. The number of orexin-A-expressing neurons in the non-ischemic side was significantly lower than the ischemic side. Next, orexin-A was administered intracerebroventricularly followed by the induction of MCAO-reperfusion injury. Administration of orexin-A at 0.3nmol significantly reduced the brain infarct area. The results suggested that orexin-A alters the pathological mechanisms involved in brain ischemia and has a neuroprotective effect.