Antibody-labeled gold nanoparticle based resonance Rayleigh scattering detection of S100B.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden brain injury due to an external force that causes a large number of deaths and permanent disabilities every year. S100B has been recognized as a potential objective quantitative biomarker for screening the prognosis of TBI and severe head injury. In this article, an anti-S100B monoclonal antibody was immobilized on cysteamine (Cy) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by EDC-NHS chemistry, which enabled S100B resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) detection based on antibody-labeled gold nanoparticles. The prepared conjugates were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Based on the specific binding of the antibody and antigen, the RRS intensities at 381 nm and 541 nm wavelengths were significantly enhanced, and thus a dual wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering (DWO-RRS) method was established. The scattering intensity of the two overlapping peaks was proportional to the concentration of S100B in the range of 0.05-4.5 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.002 ng mL-1. The proposed DWO-RRS method is time-saving, simple, sensitive, and can be used to determine the concentration of S100B in human serum with satisfactory results, which has a promising application in the early diagnosis of TBI.

Progress in discovery of RORγt inverse agonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases / 中国药科大学学报

@#Abstract: As a Th17 cell-specific transcription factor, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), can induce differentiation of Th17 cells and production of inflammatory factor IL-17, playing an important role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. RORγt inverse agonists have become a research hotspot in both academia and pharmaceutical companies around the world in recent years, with great development potential. A variety of skeletal structure types have been reported, including orthosteric and allosteric inverse agonists. In this paper, the structure and functions of RORγt are introduced, and RORγt inverse agonists in clinical and preclinical studies are reviewed in order to provide reference for further research and development of RORγt inverse agonists.

Mechanism of Naozhenning granules in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism in multiple cerebral concussion rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Naozhenning granules in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism in hippocampal tissue of multiple cerebral concussion （MCC） model rats. METHODS SPF grade Wistar rats were used to prepare MCC models using the “free fall impact method”. The successfully modeled rats were divided into model group， piracetam group， and Naozhenning granule low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups， and a normal group was also set up， with 8 rats in each group. Rats in each treatment group orally administered corresponding drugs at doses of 0.324 g/kg for the piracetam group and 2.25， 4.5 and 9 g/kg for the Naozhenning granule low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups； the normal group and model group were given equal volumes of normal saline； once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The motor exploration ability， learning and memory ability of rats were tested； the adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content in the hippocampal tissue of rat was detected； the changes in the mitochondrial structure of hippocampal tissue was observed； the fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial dynamin- related protein 1 （Drp1）， mitochondrial fission protein 1 （Fis1）， mitochondrial fusion 1 （Mfn1）， and optic atrophy protein 1 （Opa1） were detected in the hippocampal tissue of rat； the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α（PGC-1α）， nuclear respiratory factor-1（NRF-1），mitochondrial transcription factor A（TFAM）， Wnt-3a，β-catenin in hippocampal tissue of rat were detected. RESULTS Compared with the normal group， the total exercise distance， number of central grid entries， number of upright positions， new object recognition index， mitochondrial ATP content， fluorescence intensity of Mfn1 and Opa1， the protein expression levels of PGC-1α、NRF-1、TFAM、Wnt-3a、 β-catenin in the model group were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， while the rest time and fluorescence intensity of Drp1 and Fis1 in hippocampal tissue were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the mitochondria in the hippocampal tissue were significantly swollen， with a large number of broken and reduced cristae， and some mitochondria had myeloid changes in the membrane. Compared with the model group， the levels/contents of the above indicators in rats of each administration group showed varying degrees of reversal， and most of the differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the degree of mitochondrial swelling in the hippocampal tissue was reduced， with a small amount of broken and reduced cristae， fuzzy fractures appeared in local areas of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS Naozhenning granules can improve the motor exploration， learning and memory abilities of MCC model rats， repair neuronal damage， and exert neuroprotective effects. Its mechanism may be related to activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway，maintaining the balance of mitochondrial division and fusion，and promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Effect of Naozhenning Granules on Energy Metabolism of Cortical Mitochondria in Rat Model of Post-concussion Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Naozhenning granules on the memory function and neuron cells in the rat model of post-concussion syndrome based on mitochondrial biosynthesis. MethodSPF-grade Wistar rats were used to establish the multiple cerebral concussion （MCC） model by the weight-drop method. The successfully modeled rats were assigned into model， piracetam （0.324 g·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （2.25， 4.5， and 9 g·kg-1， respectively） Naozhenning groups. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage and those in the blank group and model group were administrated the same volume of normal saline once a day for 14 days. The general state of rats was observed before and after treatment. The open field test and new object recognition test were conducted to examine the motor and memory abilities of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe the pathological changes of cortical neurons in rats. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels， respectively， of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator-1α （PGC-1α）， nuclear respiratory factor-1 （NRF-1）， and transcription factor A mitochondrial （TFAM） in rat cortex. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed anxious and manic mental status， yellow and messy fur， and reduced food intake. In the open field experiment， the model group showed reduced total movement distance， times of entering the central grid， and times of rearing decreased and increased resting time compared with the blank group （P<0.01）. The model group had lower recognition index of new objects than the blank group （P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling caused reduced neurons with sparse distribution and deformed， broken， and irregular nucleoli and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α， NRF-1， and TFAM in the cortex （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， piracetam and Naozhenning improved the mental state， coat color， food intake， and activities of rats. In the open field test， piracetam and Naozhenning increased the total movement distance， the times of entering the central grid， and the times of rearing and shortened the resting time （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The piracetam and Naozhenning groups had higher recognition index of new objects than the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the piracetam and Naozhenning groups showed increased neurons with tight arrangement and large and round nuclei， and some cells with irregular morphology and turbid cytoplasm. Furthermore， piracetam and medium-dose Naozhenning upregulated the protein levels of PGC-1α， NRF-1， and TFAM （P<0.01）. Low-dose Naozhenning upregulated the protein levels of NRF-1 and TFAM （P<0.01）， and high-dose Naozhenning upregulated the protein levels of PGC-1α and TFAM in the cortex （P<0.01）. The mRNA levels of PGC-1α， NRF-1， and TFAM in the cortex were upregulated in the piracetam group and Naozhenning groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNaozhenning granules can improve the motor， memory， and learning， repair the neuronal damage， and protect the nerve function in the rat model of MCC by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Effect of Zuoguiwan on Pancreatic Islet Function in Offspring of Maternal Rats with GDM / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Zuoguiwan on pancreatic islet function in offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） maternal rat model and explore the mechanisms of Zuoguiwan in improving pancreatic islet function based on postpartum pancreatic regeneration. MethodHealthy female SD rats with normal blood glucose levels were paired with male rats in a 2∶1 ratio and housed together. Pregnancy was confirmed based on vaginal plugs or vaginal smears. The pregnant rats were divided into the following groups： normal group， model group， insulin group （insulin Detemir， 20 U·kg-1）， low-dose Zuoguiwan group （1.89 g·kg-1）， and high-dose Zuoguiwan group （3.78 g·kg-1）. The GDM rat model was induced using streptozotocin in rats except for those in the normal group. The model was confirmed by blood glucose testing in the maternal rats. Except for the normal and model groups， the other groups received daily administration of corresponding treatments. At 21 days after birth， fasting blood glucose （FBG） and fasting serum insulin （FINS） levels were measured in 6 offspring from each group. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） was calculated， and an oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed on additional 12 offspring from each group. Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta of the offspring at postnatal day 22， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure insulin， glucagon （GC）， pancreatic polypeptide （PPY）， and somatostatin （SS） levels in the serum. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe pathological changes in the pancreatic tissue of the offspring. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to observe the area and structure of the pancreatic islets. Western blot was used to detect the expression of key proteins involved in the development and functional expression of pancreatic β-cells， namely pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor 1 （Pdx1）， Nkx6.1， and Glucose transporter 2 （Glut2）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significant increases in FBG and FINS levels， and HOMA-IR （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the insulin group showed significant decreases in FBG levels and HOMA-IR （P<0.01）， the low-dose Zuoguiwan group showed a significant decrease in FBG levels （P<0.05）， and the high-dose Zuoguiwan group showed significant decreases in FBG and FINS levels， and HOMA-IR （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed significant increases in OGTT 60-min blood glucose levels and AUC index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose Zuoguiwan group showed significant decreases in OGTT60-min blood glucose levels and area under the curve（AUC） index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE staining of pancreatic tissue showed that compared with the normal group， the model group had a reduced number of islets and a loose arrangement of acinar cells. Compared with the model group， the groups with drug treatment showed increased number of islets and a compact arrangement of acinar cells. Compared with the normal group， the model group had significantly increased levels of insulin， GC， PPY， and SS in the serum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose and high-dose Zuoguiwan groups and the insulin group showed significantly decreased serum levels of insulin， GC， PPY， and SS （P<0.05， P<0.01）. IF results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group had a significantly lower positive rate of insulin （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose and high-dose Zuoguiwan groups showed a significant increase in the positive rate of insulin （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of GC among the groups. In terms of the proportion of insulin and GC in individual islets， compared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant decrease in the proportion of insulin （P<0.01） and a significant increase in the proportion of GC （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose and high-dose Zuoguiwan groups showed significantly increased proportion of insulin （P<0.01） and significantly decreased proportion of GC （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly decreased expression levels of Pdx1， Nkx6.1， and Glut2 proteins in the pancreatic tissue of GDM offspring （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the insulin group and the low-dose Zuoguiwan group showed significant increases in the expression levels of Pdx1 and Nkx6.1 proteins in the pancreatic tissue of GDM offspring （P<0.05）， and the low-dose and high-dose Zuoguiwan groups showed significant increases in the expression levels of Glut2 protein （P<0.05）. ConclusionZuoguiwan can promote pancreatic islet development in offspring of GDM maternal rat model， improve pancreatic islet morphology and function， and alleviate insulin resistance. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of Pdx1， Nkx6.1， and Glut2 protein expression in the pancreatic tissue of offspring.

Application effect of immersive experiential teaching strategies in the teaching of clinical anesthesiology for undergraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of immersive experiential teaching strategies in the teaching of clinical anesthesiology for undergraduates.Methods:Undergraduates majoring in 5-year clinical medicine in Air Force Medical University from January 2022 to May 2022 were enrolled as the research objects. Students were randomly divided into the immersive teaching group and the traditional teaching group, with 35 students in each. Students in the immersive teaching group underwent immersive experiential teaching strategies and the traditional teaching group received lecture-based teaching strategies. After classes, all students in these two groups took the same theoretical and operational examination, and conducted a teaching satisfaction survey and a comprehensive ability evaluation. The results were analyzed by t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS 22.0 software. Results:Students in the immersive teaching group were more satisfied with teaching (88.32±7.28 vs.70.15±7.11) ( P=0.001), and had higher scores of theorical examination (86.34±7.42 vs. 77.31±5.32) ( P=0.020) and operational examination (92.23±5.33 vs. 81.21±4.98) ( P=0.022) than those in the traditional teaching group. In addition, the scores of communication ability ( P=0.026), response ability ( P<0.001) adaptability ( P=0.007), and critical thinking ( P<0.001) in the immersive teaching group were higher than those in the traditional teaching group. Conclusion:The immersive experiential teaching strategies can effectively improve the theoretical and practical operational ability of undergraduates after completing courses of clinical anesthesiology, and can effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of students. It is worthy to be popularized in subsequent teaching abilities.

Construction and evaluation of a chemotherapeutic phlebitis rat model induced by vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish and evaluate chemotherapeutic phlebitis model rats induced by vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein.Methods Rats were divided randomly into control and 4 different concentration of vinorelbine-induced model groups.Control rats were injected with 0.1 mL normal saline via the dorsalis pedis vein of the hind limb,while other rats were injected with different concentrations of vinorelbine(2,3,4,5 mg/mL),as above.General observations were performed and the hind limb volume was measured daily for 7 consecutive days to calculate the swelling rate.The rats were then killed and histological changes in the dorsalis pedis vein were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Microstructural changes on the surface of the vascular endometrium were observed by scanning electron microscopy.Results Injection of 2,3,4,5 mg/mL vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein significantly induced hind limb swelling in a concentration-dependent manner,peaking on day 3 in each group.The phlebitis rates on day 7 were 50%in the 2 mg/mL group and 83.3%in the 3 mg/mL group.Phlebitis was also induced in the 4 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL groups,including grade Ⅲ in 66.6%and grade Ⅳ in 83.3%.Histopathology showed inflammatory cell infiltration,wall thickening,lumen stenosis,and thrombosis in the tissues surrounding the veins.Scanning electron microscopy showed destruction of tight junctions of venous endothelial cells,and a rough surface of the vascular lining,resultsing in blood cell adhesion.Conclusions Injection of 0.1 mL of 3～5 mg/mL vinorelbine via the dorsalis pedis vein could induce red,swollen,and cord-like veins,as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells around the vein,thickened vein walls,lumen stenosis,and thrombosis.In addition,the surface of the venous intima was rough and adhered to numerous blood cells.All these features are consistent with those of clinical chemotherapeutic phlebitis in terms of the symptoms and pathological structure.

Changes of ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats with multiple cerebral concussion / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To observe the ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats with multiple cerebral concussion (MCC) .Methods:Ninety clean grade male Wistar rats with a body mass of (250±10) g were randomly divided into control group (12 rats) and model group (78 rats) according to the random number table method. The rat of MCC model was prepared by hitting the frontotemporal lobe of rats with free fall method once a day for 3 consecutive days.Then the MCC model rats were randomly divided into 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d groups with 12 rats in each group. The balance beam experiment was used to detect the motor coordination function of the rats. The levels of interleukin-β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), serum glutathione (GSH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in serum of rats were detected by ELISA.The content of iron ion in hippocampus was detected by colorimetry. The mRNA and protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), ferritin heavy (FTH) and ferritin light(FTL) in the hippocampus were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Prussian blue staining was used to observe the iron deposition in brain tissue.The ultrastructural changes of hippocampal neurons and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope. SPSS 24.0 statistical software was used for one-way ANOVA among groups, and LSD test was used for multiple pairwise comparison.Results:In the balance beam experiment, the passing time and motor coordination score of rats in each group were significantly different ( F=30.08, 60.34, both P<0.05). The passing time and motor coordination score of rats in the 48 h group ((87.00±4.74) s, (4.75±0.43)) were significantly higher than those in the control group ((35.13±6.99) s, (0.75±0.23)) (both P<0.05). There was significant difference in the total iron ion content, Fe 2+ content and Fe 3+ content in hippocampus of rats in each group ( F=25.20, 94.42, 40.25, all P<0.05), and the content of Fe 2+ in hippocampus of 48 h group was significantly higher than that of the control group ((10.17±0.05) ng/μL, (8.65±0.01) ng/μL)( P<0.05). In the results of RT-PCR and Western blot, the mRNA and protein levels of GPX4, FTH and FTL in hippocampus of each group were significantly different ( F=37.94, 82.09, 49.01, 71.63, 28.94, 15.78, all P<0.05). The mRNA level and protein level of GPX4 ((1.09±0.01), (0.23±0.01) )and FTL ((1.60±0.03), (0.64±0.02)) in 24 h group were significantly higher than those of the control group (GPX4: (1.00±0.02), (0.17±0.01)), FTL: ((1.00±0.04), (0.32±0.01))(all P<0.05). The mRNA level and protein level of FTH ((0.24±0.03), (0.07±0.01)) in 24 h group were significantly lower than those of the control group((1.00±0.01), (0.67±0.03))(both P<0.05). The results of electron microscope showed that the hippocampal neuronal cells of the model rats were reduced, the nucleolus was broken and the nuclear membrane was shrunk in varying degrees, the mitochondria were swollen and deformed and there were vacuoles, and the cristae in the mitochondria decreased or disappeared. Conclusion:The levels of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in the multiple cerebral concussion model rats increase, and the hippocampal neurons show the characteristics of ferroptosis, especially at 24 h and 48 h.

Research progress in brain rehabilitation in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Brain rehabilitation is a comprehensive rehabilitation method for motor, sensory, cognitive, speech, swallowing and other functional disorders caused by brain diseases(such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, craniocerebral trauma, etc.). Timely and effective brain rehabilitation intervention can effectively improve motor, speech, cognitive and other abilities of elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease, thus improving their ability for daily living activities, improving the quality of life, reducing the burden for their families and society, and achieving the long-term goal of returning to society.In this paper, recent research progress in brain rehabilitation is summarized in order to explore more diversified rehabilitation modes for brain rehabilitation in the elderly.

Influence of ApoE gene polymorphisms on therapeutic effects of lipid-lowering statins among patients with ischemic cerebral infarction / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the influence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms on the therapeutic effect of lipid-lowering statins in patients with ischemic cerebral infarction.@*METHODS@#One hundred and six patients with ischemic cerebral infarction who orally took lipid-lowering statins for 3 months were enrolled. Changes in serum triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) before and after the drug administration were analyzed. ApoE gene polymorphisms were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and genotypes of ApoE gene in patients with different effects were compared.@*RESULTS@#The detection rates for E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E2/E4 and E3/E4 genotypes were 0.94%, 11.32%, 63.21%, 1.89% and 22.64%, respectively. And the detection rates for E2, E3 and E4 alleles were 7.55%, 80.19% and 12.26%, respectively. Biochemical phenotypes included E2 type (13 cases, 12.26%), E3 type (69 cases, 65.09%) and E4 type (24 cases, 22.65%). Before administration, TG and TC of E2 type were the highest (P<0.05), but no significant difference was detected in HDL-C and LDL-C among the three phenotypes (P>0.05).Following the drug administration, TG, TC and LDL-C were decreased, while HDL-C was increased. HDL-C of E2 type was the highest, TC and LDL-C of E4 type were the highest (P<0.05). The E3/E3 ratio in low-efficiency group at admission was lower than that in the high-efficiency group, while the E3/E4 ratio was higher than that in the high-efficiency group (P<0.05). The proportion of E3 allele in low-efficiency group was lower than that in high-efficiency group, while the proportion of E4 allele was higher than that in high-efficiency group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ApoE gene polymorphisms are closely correlated with the therapeutic effect of lipid-lowering statins in patients with ischemic cerebral infarction. The lipid-lowering effects are more significant in patients with E2 and E3 genotypes, but were poor in those with the E4 genotype. Personalized regimens should be applied.

The use of intravenous fluids in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To investigate the use of intravenous infusion in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors so as to further standardize and reduce the rate of use.Methods:Stroke survivors hospitalized in rehabilitation departments in Shandong Province in the first 5 months of 2021 were the study′s subjects. Data on the use of intravenous infusion were compiled including the medicine administered, the reason for the infusion, as well as the duration and the number of days of infusion. The rehabilitative effect, stroke complications and hospitalization costs were recorded, as well as the attitude toward the use of infusion and any measures taken to reduce their use.Results:The utilization rate of intravenous infusion was 31.72%. The drugs infused were mainly to improve circulation and feed the nerves. Short-term infusion had no adverse effects on functional recovery, but long-term infusion had negative effects and led to complications. The average daily cost of stroke survivors receiving intravenous infusion was significantly lower than that of patients not receiving it, and the proportion of their drug expenditure in the total cost was also significantly higher. There was no significant difference in the average length of hospital stay between patients receiving and not receiving infusion.Conclusions:Intravenous infusion predicts greater drug use, and long-term infusion has a bad effect on rehabilitation and recovery. Various measures should be taken to reduce the utilization of intravenous infusion and standardize its application.

CCN1 up-regulates the expression of SCD1 via FoxO1 pathway and affects the sensitivity to fluorouracil of colonic neoplasms / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of CCN1 on the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU .Methods:Colon cancer and adjacent tissues, colon cancer cells and normal colon epithelial cells, HCT-116 and HCT-116/5/FU cells were collected, and the SCD1 mRNA expression levels were detected by RT-qPCR; HCT-116 cells were cultured and transfected with pcDNA3.1 and CCN1 expression vectors, or infected with shNC and shCCN1 lentivirus, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell sensitivity to 5-FU, Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect SCD1 mRNA expression, and oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid content. Western blot was used to detect the distribution of transcription factor FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The effect of CCN1 and FoxO1 on the transcriptional activity of SCD1 promoter was detected by luciferase assay.Results:Compared with control group, the expression of SCD1 was up-regulated in colon cancer tissues, cell lines and HCT-116/5-FU cells (all P<0.05); overexpression of CCN1 reduced the sensitivity to 5-FU, increased intracellular lipid deposition, and up-regulated the expression of SCD1 ( P<0.05); Knockdown of CCN1 increased the sensitivity to 5-FU, reduced intracellular lipid content and down-regulate the expression level of SCD1 ( P<0.05); CCN1 can promote FoxO1 nuclear distribution, activation or inhibition of FoxO1 activity can promote or up-regulate SCD1 expression level and promoter activity ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CCN1 may up-regulate the expression of SCD1 by activating FoxO1 activity and inhibit the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU.

Intraoperative ultrasonography assistance for minimally invasive repair of the acute Achilles tendon rupture.

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive repair is a better option for Achilles tendon rupture with low re-rupture and wound-related complications than conservative treatment or traditional open repair. The major problem is sural nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and advantage of the intraoperative ultrasonography assistance for minimally invasive repair of the acute Achilles tendon rupture. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 36 cases of acute Achilles tendon rupture treated with minimally invasive repair assisted with intraoperative ultrasonography from January 2015 to December 2017. The relationship of the sural nerve and small saphenous vein was confirmed on the preoperative MRI. The course of the small saphenous vein and the sural nerve was identified and marked by intraoperative ultrasonography. The ruptured Achilles tendon was repaired with minimally invasive Bunnell suture on the medial side of the small saphenous vein (SSV). RESULTS: All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. No sural nerve injury or other complications was found intraoperatively and postoperatively. All the patients returned to work and light sporting activities at a mean of 12.78 ± 1.40 weeks and 17.28 ± 2.34 weeks, respectively. The Mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores improved from 59.17 ± 5.31 preoperatively to 98.92 ± 1.63 at the time of 12 months follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). No patient complained of a negative effect on their life. CONCLUSIONS: The minimally invasive repair assisted with intraoperative ultrasonography can yield good clinical outcomes, less surgical time, and less complications, especially sural nerve injury. It is an efficient, reliable, and safe method for acute Achilles tendon (AT) rupture.

The efficacy of median nerve electrical stimulation in rehabilitating post-stroke cognitive impairment and its mechanism / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To test the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the median nerve (MNES) for relieving post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and explore the possible mechanism.Methods:Thirty patients with PSCI were randomly divided into a routine treatment group (the control group) and an MNES group, each of 15. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation treatment, including cognitive rehabilitation training, medications and acupuncture. The MNES group additionally received 30 minutes of MNES on their right hands every day, five times a week for six weeks. One electrode was positioned over the median nerve 2cm up from the rasceta of the right wrist. The other was on the muscles of the thenar eminence. Forty seconds of stimulation were applied with intervals of 20 seconds, for 30 min daily. Before and after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, both groups were evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), the modified Barthel index (MBI) and the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA). In another 15 patients oxyhemoglobin levels in the brain before and during the MNES were observed using near-infrared spectroscopy.Results:After 3 weeks of treatment, a significant improvement was observed in the average MMSE, FMA and MBI scores of both groups, and the average MoCA score of the observation group. Three weeks later, the average MMSE, FMA, MBI and MoCA scores of both groups had improved significantly compared with before the treatment, with the average MMSE and MoCA improvements in the MNES group significantly greater than the control group′s averages. After 6 weeks of treatment the significant improvements persisted in both groups. Both group′s average FMA scores had also improved significantly, as had the average MBI score of the control group. After 6 weeks of treatment, the observation group′s average time orientation, location orientation, language instant memory, attention, calculation and short-term memory in MMSE had all improved significantly along with visual space capacity, executive capacity, attention, language, orientation and memory in MoCA. The spectroscopic results showed significantly improved oxyhemoglobin concentration in the bilateral frontal lobes after the MNES.Conclusions:Electrical stimulation of the median nerve can help to improve cognition after a stroke. It increases oxyhemoglobin concentration in the bilateral frontal lobes.

Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis via bone transport technique for traumatic talus infection or defect / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis using bone transport technique in the treatment of traumatic talus infection or loss. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 15 patients with talus infection or loss admitted to the provincial hospital affiliated to Shandong University from June 2011 to October 2017. There were 13 males and two females, aged from 19 to 47 years, with an average age of 27 years. Thirteen patients had talus infection and two patients had talus loss. All patients underwent tibiocalcaneal fusion with external fixator using bone transport technique, including four patients treated with annular external fixator and 11 with unilateral external fixator. Six patients with severe infection underwent debridement at stage I and osteotomy at stage II, and the other nine underwent debridement and osteotomy at the same time. The length of new bone, the fixation time of external fixator and complications were recorded. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ( AOFAS ) score was used to evaluate the efficacy. Results All patients were followed up for 18-35 months, with an average of 26 months. The length of new bone in proximal tibial osteotomy area was 5-16 cm, with an average of 9 cm. The external fixators were removed after bone healing at docking site and maturation of new bone. The fixation time of external fixator ranged from 13 to 27 months, with an average of 18 months. No complications such as needle breakage, recurrence of infection and calcaneal varus occurred, and the length of both lower limbs was equal. AOFAS score was increased from preoperative (42. 0 ± 3. 6)points (31-55 points) to (76. 0 ± 4. 2)points (69-86 points ) at the last follow-up. Conclusion Tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis using bone transport technique is proved to be effective in treating traumatic talus infection or loss, which can repair the bone defect after debridement, improve the ankle-hindfoot function and improve the quality of life.

Effects of various autophagy modulators on the expression of autophagic markers LC3ll and p62 / 中国药科大学学报

Western blotting of autophagic markers LC3Ⅱ and p62 are widely used for estimating autophagic activity. To compare the regulation of various autophagy modulators on LC3Ⅱ and p62,HEK293 cells were treated separately with mTOR-dependent autophagy activator rapamycin or -independent autophagy activators trehalose, and autophagy inhibitors including 3-methyladenine (3-MA),bafilomycin A1 or E64d and pepstatin A that inhi-bited the initiation of autophagy,the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome,and the activities of lysosomal enzymes accordingly,and then LC3Ⅱ and p62 levels were assessed. Western blot results demonstrated that rapam-ycin enhanced the conversion of LC3I to LC3Ⅱ,promoted the degradation of p62 simultaneously,while trehalose merely increased the expression of LC3Ⅱ with no influence on the p62 level. Moreover,inhibition of autophagy commonly led to accumulation of LC3Ⅱ as well as blockage of p62 degradation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results indicate that obvious differences exist in the regulation of LC3Ⅱ and p62 by various modulators although both are autophagic markers.

Study on Quality Standard of Cnidium monnieri Liniment / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To formulate the quality standard of Cnidium monnieri liniment (called "liniment" for short)preliminarily. METHODS:The property of liniment was observed. TLC was used for qualitative identification of osthole in liniment;relative density,alcohol content and pH value were also determined. The osthole and imperatorin in liniment were analyzed qualitatively by HPLC. RESULTS:3 batch of samples were reddish brown liquid and fragrant smelling. In TLC of test sample,the same color fluorescent spots were found in corresponding position as chromatogram of control sample. The linear range of osthole and imperatorin were 0.101 2-0.910 8(r=0.999 6)and 0.006 2-0.124 4 mg/L(r=0.999 6). RSDs of precision tests were 1.38% and 0.79%(n=6). RSDs of stability tests were 0.33% and 0.41%(n=6). RSDs of reproducibility tests were 0.83% and 1.98%(n=6),respectively. Average recoveries rate were 98.73%(RSD=1.29%,n=6)and 99.25%(RSD=1.22%,n=6).Results of content determination showed that the content of osthole and imperatorin were 2.20-2.35 mg/mL and 0.310-0.340 mg/mL,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Established method is simple,rapid,accurate and can be used for quality control of C. monnieri liniment.

Early usage of extraperitoneal pelvic packing plus temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta for treatment of pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of extraperitoneal pelvic packing combined with temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta in treatment of pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 14 patients with pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability managed by extraperitoneal pelvic packing plus temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta between December 2006 and December 2013.There were ten males and four females,with mean age of 38.2 years old (range,18-63 years).The fractures were classified according to the Tile classification,including two patients with type B1,two with type B2.2,one with type C1.1,two with type C1.2,two with type C1.3,three with type C2,and two with type C3.In addition,10 patients were with closed pelvic fractures and four with open pelvic fractures.All patients were diagnosed as hypovolemic shock once they were admitted.Every patient was given anti-shock treatment,temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta,and extraperitoneal pelvic packing instantly,in order to control hemorrhage of pelvic fracture after they were admitted.The operation time,red blood cell transfusion volume,preoperative and postoperative blood pressures,heart rates as well as other relevant parameters concerning death and survival were recorded and compared.Postoperative infection and wound healing status were recorded as well.Results The operation time was 50-70 minutes (mean,61 minutes).After surgery,the length of ICU stay was (10.9 ± 9.8) days and hospital stay was (23.1 ± 14.9) days.Red blood cell transfusion volume before and after surgery was (17.7 ± 2.2)U and (8.4± 1.7)U,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The parameters of systolic pressures varied from preoperative (63.6 ± 2.1) mmHg to postoperative (90.9 ± 1.1) mmHg,and the parameters of heart rates declined from preoperative (106.2 ± 5.9) beats/min to postoperative (94.0 ± 6.2) beats/min,(P ＜ 0.05).Ten patients were available for follow-up of 8-24 months (mean,11.5 months).There were four deaths (29％) postoperatively,among which three were died from multisystem and organ failure,and one from severe brain injury.There were statistically significant differences between the survivors and the deaths in terms of time from injury to operation,average systolic pressures,and average heart rates (P ＜ 0.05).None had complications and wound was well healed.Conclusion For pelvic fractures with hemodynamic instability,extraperitoneal pelvic packing plus temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta has advantages of short manipulation time and effective outcomes,which can control the hemorrhage of pelvic fracture and ameliorate the hemodynamic status.

Efficacy of incision infiltration with ropivacaine in improving routine analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of incision infiltration with ropivacaine in improving routine analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods A total of 140 patients,aged 18-64 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia,were enrolled and randomly assigned to ropivacaine group (group R)and routine analgesia group (group C).Three-port laparoscopic procedure was carried out.Before inserting trocars,incision infiltration was performed with ropivacaine with a total volume of 16 ml,6 ml for epigastric port,6 ml for umbilical port and 4 ml for working port.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of ropivacaine in group C.Parecoxib 40 mg was intravenously injected before surgery in both groups or after surgery as rescue analgesic when necessary.The requirement for rescue analgesia was recorded within 24 and 48 h after surgery.The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at rest and during activity were recorded at 2,4,6,8,12,18,24 and 48 h after surgery,and the area under curve (AUC) of VAS scores was calculated in each time point after surgery.The development of no pain at rest was recorded at 24 h after surgery.Parents'satisfaction with analgesia was assessed and scored at 24 and 48 h after surgery.Wound healing was evaluated and scored at 48 h after surgery,and the development of poor wound healing was recorded.The development of chronic pain and VAS scores were recorded at day 90 after surgery.Results There were 130 patients who completed the study,with 66 cases in group R and 64 cases in group C.Compared with group C,the AUC of VAS scores at rest in 0-8 h and 0-24 h periods after surgery was significantly decreased,the AUC of VAS scores at rest in 0-6 h,0-8 h,0-12 h,0-24 and 0-48 h periods after surgery was decreased,the requirement for rescue analgesia was reduced at 24 h after surgery,satisfaction scores were increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the rate of no pain at rest after surgery,wound healing score,incidence of poor wound healing,incidence of chronic pain at day 90 after surgery or VAS score at day 90 after surgery in group R (P＞0.05).Conclusion Incision infiltration with ropivacaine before incision can effectively alleviate acute pain within 48 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a higher safety and exerts no effect on chronic pain after surgery.

Evaluation of combination therapy with α and M receptors antagonist for the treatment of double J stents related lower urinary tract symptoms / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with α and M receptors antagonist for the treatment of double J stents related lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods From January 2013 to December 2016,one hundred and twenty patients were accepted the doubte J stents indwelling after the ureteral lithotripsy,laparoseopie ureterlithotomy and pyeloureteroplasty.They were divided into four groups randomly,including control group(30 cases,no drugs were taken),tamsulosin group(30 cases,0.2 mg tamsulosin was taken qd),solifenacin group(30 cases,5 mg solifenacin was taken qd),combination group(30 cases,0.2 mg tamsulosin and 5 mg solifenacin were taken qd).The IPSS scores,QOL scores and visual analogue pain scale(VAPS)scores were assessed pre-operation,1 week after operation,and 4 weeks after operation, respectively.Results The total IPSS scores in the combination group 4 weeks after operation was(8.21±2.36) points,compared with the control group((13.68 ± 3.65)points),the tamsulosin group((12.59 ± 3.76) points),the solifenacin group((12.39 ±4.58)points),the difference was statistically significantly lower(F=7.905,P<0.05).And 4 weeks after operation,the QOL scores in the combination group((1.52±0.99)points) was significantly lower than that in the control group((2.86±1.14)points),the tamsulosin group((2.69± 1.21)points)and the solifenacin group((2.74 ± 1.40)points)(F=13.725,P<0.05).While the VAPS scores didn′t show significant differences among those groups(P>0.05).Conclusion α and M receptors antagonist combination therapy can significantly improve lower urinary tract symptom due to indwelling double J stents.