RESUMEN
We here investigated the effect of MS4A6D(the membrane spanning 4-domain subfamily A(MS4A)superfamily protein 6D),one of the tetraspanins which specifically expresses on the membrane of macrophages,on carrageenan(CGN)-induced mouse foot pad swelling and its possible mechanism.Male C57BL/6 wild-type(WT)and various gene knockout(including Ms4a6d-/-,Nlrp3-/-,Casp-1-/-and IlR1-/-)mice were recruited and injected with 100 μl 1%CGN(w/v)and 20 μl CaCl2(50 mmol/L)to establish the foot pad swelling model,and then the severity of foot pad swelling in WT and gene knockout mice were compared.H&E staining was performed to investigate the pathological changes,and immunofluorescence was used to detect the infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages in the foot pad tissue.Finally,Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of NLRP3,IL-1 β,TNF-α and IL-6.Data showed that the combined injection of 100 μl 1%CGN(w/v)and 20 μl CaCl2(50 mmol/L)significantly promoted the swelling of foot pads,while the degree of foot pad swelling in Ms4a6d-/-mice was significantly lower than that in WT littermates(P<0.05);Significant tissue damage and inflammatory infiltration as well as necrotic lesions were observed in the WT foot pads,whereas,the degrees from Ms4a6d-/-foot pads showed significantly reduced;The protein levels of Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the foot pad tissue of the WT model were significantly higher than those of the Ms4a6d-/-groups;Compared with WT controls,the degree of foot pad swelling in Nlrp3-/-,Casp-1-/-,and IlR1-/-mice induced by 1%CGN(w/v)and CaCl2(50 mmol/L)were also significantly reduced(P<0.05).Taken together,MS4A6D promotes the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and induces IL-1β secretion,by thus deteriorates CGN-mediated swelling of mouse foot pads.
RESUMEN
Objective: To detect estrogen receptor α and β(ER-α, ER-β)protein expression in different age of mouse thymus.Methods:Protein expression of ER-α and ER-β in thymus was analyzed via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the relationship between ER-α and cytokeratin 18(epithelial cell marker)was further tested through fluorescence double-staining.Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both ER-α and β protein was found in nuclei of some thymocytes of 3 month mice.However,expression of ER-β was absence while ER-α was still positive in aged mice, such as 12 months and 16 months old.Double staining further confirmed that lots of ER-α/β positive cells were Foxp3 negative cells.Conclusion: Expression of ER-β is absent while ER-α is still positive in thymus of aged mice, which indicates ER-α is the critical estrogen receptor that involves in thymic involution.Moreover, ER-α/β do not participate in Treg development within thymus.
RESUMEN
Objective:To detect estrogen receptor ? and ?(ER-?,ER-?) protein expression in different age of mouse thymus.Methods:Protein expression of ER-? and ER-? in thymus was analyzed via immunohistochemistry.Moreover,the relationship between ER-? and cytokeratin 18(epithelial cell marker) was further tested through fluorescence double-staining.Results:Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both ER-? and ? protein was found in nuclei of some thymocytes of 3 month mice.However,expression of ER-? was absence while ER-? was still positive in aged mice,such as 12 months and 16 months old.Double staining further confirmed that lots of ER-?/? positive cells were Foxp3 negative cells.Conclusion:Expression of ER-? is absent while ER-? is still positive in thymus of aged mice,which indicates ER-? is the critical estrogen receptor that involves in thymic involution.Moreover,ER-?/? do not participate in Treg development within thymus.