RESUMEN
Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) occur with minor trauma and are believed to be a potential complication of the prolonged use of antiresorptive agents, such as bisphosphonate and denosumab, for the treatment of bone metastasis. In comparison with typical femoral fractures, AFFs have a higher incidence of complications, including implant failure and delayed union or nonunion. This report describes the case of a 42-year-old woman who developed denosumab-associated AFF after denosumab therapy for bone metastasis from breast cancer. Surgical treatment with IMN was performed after open anatomical reduction. To reduce the risk of delayed union and nonunion, the autogenous bone graft obtained from the iliac crest was conducted. The radiograph taken 5 weeks after surgery showed callus formation. Full weight bearing was allowed 3 months after surgery. Six months postoperatively, radiographs and computed tomography images demonstrated bone union. Twelve months after surgery, the patient was able to walk easily without pain. For cancer patients with bone metastasis whose life expectancy may be limited, a decline in physical activity can be fatal. Consequently, it is crucial to avoid a decrease in activities of daily living brought about by delayed union or nonunion. In this regard, autogenous bone grafting is a viable and effective technique for the treatment of AFFs in patients with bone metastases.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Anorexia is a serious problem in patients with gastric cancer who have undergone gastrectomy. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone primarily secreted from the stomach, has been proposed to prevent anorexia. Significant reduction in plasma ghrelin levels after gastrectomy may contribute to lack of appetite and weight loss. In this study, we investigated the effects of Z-505, a ghrelin receptor agonist, on anorexia after total gastrectomy (TG) in a rat model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a TG model, and then sham-operated (control) and TG rats were randomly assigned to four subgroups receiving administration of Z-505 (100 mg/kg, p.o., once daily) or vehicle for 14 d from day 14 to day 27 after TG. The food intake, body weight, and fat weight were evaluated during the test period. Moreover, the neuronal activity in the hypothalamus was evaluated on day 21 to investigate the mechanism of action of Z-505. RESULTS: In TG rats, Z-505 significantly improved the decrease in cumulative food intake induced by the surgery over 14 d (TG + vehicle; 213.8 ± 15.3 g, n = 12 versus TG + Z-505; 258.2 ± 13.1 g, n = 14, P < 0.05). Z-505 also significantly increased fat weight and had a milder effect on body weight over 14 d. In addition, Z-505 significantly increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (TG + vehicle; 17.8 ± 2.0, n = 12 versus TG + Z-505; 72.2 ± 11.8, n = 12, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Z-505 may be a useful therapeutic treatment for anorexia after TG.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/administración & dosificación , Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Gastrectomía/efectos adversos , Ghrelina/sangre , Pirrolidinas/administración & dosificación , Receptores de Ghrelina/agonistas , Animales , Anorexia/sangre , Anorexia/etiología , Núcleo Arqueado del Hipotálamo/citología , Núcleo Arqueado del Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Arqueado del Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Despite its therapeutic advantages, chemotherapy with anti-cancer drugs can cause adverse effects, including anorexia and weight loss. Although most patients with cancer suffer from anorexia during chemotherapy, resulting in the need to suspend or cease treatment and thereby worsening prognosis, treatment options for anorexia remain limited. Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that has been proposed to prevent anorexia. To investigate the potential of ghrelin receptor agonists, synthetic small-molecule compounds, as preventive therapies for chemotherapy-induced anorexia, we studied the effects of Z-505 hydrochloride (Z-505), a new oral growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) agonist, in cisplatin- and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced anorexia animal models. The agonistic activity of Z-505 was examined using calcium flux assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells stably expressing rat or mouse GHSR1a. Z-505 showed agonistic activity for rat GHSR1a and mouse GHSR1a, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 2.08nM and 5.46nM, respectively. In a cisplatin-induced anorexia rat model, administration of Z-505 (30, 100 or 300mg/kg, p.o., once daily) significantly improved the cisplatin-induced reduction in food intake and body weight. In addition, treatment with Z-505 (100 or 300mg/kg, p.o., once daily) prevented the 5-FU-induced decrease in food intake and body weight in the 5-FU-induced mouse model. Our results demonstrate that Z-505 ameliorates cisplatin- and 5-FU-induced anorexia through the activation of the ghrelin receptor, GHSR1a, suggesting its usefulness in the preventive treatment of anorexia during chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Anorexia/inducido químicamente , Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Receptores de Ghrelina/metabolismo , Amidas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Anorexia/metabolismo , Anorexia/fisiopatología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Células CHO , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Ratones , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , RatasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-tumor mechanism of Z-360, a gastrin/cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) antagonist, in MIA PaCa-2 cells and in a subcutaneous xenograft mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-tumor effects of Z-360 and/or gemcitabine were monitored using a MIA PaCa-2 xenograft model. The effect of Z-360 on apoptosis in the model was examined by TUNEL staining and real-time PCR analysis and the effect in MIA PaCa-2 cells stably expressing human CCK2R was also evaluated by caspase-3/7 activity. RESULTS: In this xenograft model, Z-360 significantly reduced the tumor weight, increased TUNEL-positive cells and suppressed the expression of anti-apoptosis factors such as survivin, XIAP and Mcl-1, and these effects of Z-360 combined with gemcitabine were more effective. Furthermore, gastrin-17 and gastrin-34 inhibited apoptosis in vitro and Z-360 dose-dependently abrogated this effect. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Z-360 exerts an anti-tumor effect through a reduction in anti-apoptosis factors by blocking CCK2R.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Benzodiazepinonas/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B/genética , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Desoxicitidina/administración & dosificación , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Endopeptidasas/administración & dosificación , Gastrinas/administración & dosificación , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Apoptosis/biosíntesis , Ratones , Proteína 1 de la Secuencia de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Colecistoquinina B/biosíntesis , Survivin , Proteína Inhibidora de la Apoptosis Ligada a X/biosíntesis , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , GemcitabinaRESUMEN
Cancer cachexia is a progressive wasting syndrome characterized by anorexia and weight loss, specifically muscle wasting and fat depletion. There is no therapeutic agent for treatment of this syndrome. We investigated the anti-cachexia effects of Z-505 hydrochloride (Z-505), a new oral growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) agonist, using a mouse model of cancer cachexia. We performed a calcium flux assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells stably expressing human GHSR1a to quantify the agonistic activity of Z-505. In Colon 26 tumor-bearing mice, Z-505 (300mg/kg, p.o., twice daily) was administered for 7 days to assess its anti-cachexia effects. Body weight and food intake were monitored during the period, and the skeletal muscle and epididymal fat weights were measured. Serum levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and corticosterone were measured to confirm the mechanism of the anti-cachexia action of Z-505. Z-505 showed strong agonistic activity similar to that of human ghrelin, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.45nM. Z-505 treatment significantly increased food intake and inhibited the progression of weight loss. Z-505 also significantly attenuated muscle wasting and fat loss, and increased circulating levels of anabolic factors such as insulin and IGF-1, but not catabolic factors such as IL-6 and corticosterone. These findings suggest that Z-505 might be effective in the treatment of cachexia via the increased anabolic hormone levels stimulated by the activation of the ghrelin receptor, GHSR1a.
Asunto(s)
Caquexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Caquexia/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/complicaciones , Ghrelina/agonistas , Hormonas/metabolismo , Quinolinas/farmacología , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Administración Oral , Animales , Células 3T3 BALB , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Células CHO , Caquexia/complicaciones , Caquexia/fisiopatología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cricetulus , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ghrelina/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Quinolinas/administración & dosificación , Quinolinas/metabolismo , Quinolinas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Receptores de Ghrelina/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric acidification inhibits motilin-induced gastric phase III contractions. However, the underlying mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we studied the inhibitory mechanism by gastric acidification on motilin-induced contraction in Suncus murinus (S. murinus). METHODS: We measured interdigestive gastric phase III contractions in conscious, freely moving S. murinus, and examined the inhibitory effect of gastric acidification on motilin action and the involvement of the vagus nerve and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the inhibitory mechanism. RESULTS: A bolus injection of motilin evoked phase III-like contractions during intravenous infusion of saline. Intragastric acidification (pH 1.5-2.5) inhibited motilin-induced phase III contractions in a pH-dependent manner and significantly decreased the motility index at a pH below 2.0. In contrast, intraduodenal acidification (pH 2.0) failed to inhibit motilin-induced contractions. Vagotomy significantly alleviated the suppression of motilin-induced gastric contractions under acidic conditions (pH 2.0), suggesting vagus nerve involvement. Moreover, intragastric acidification (pH 2.0) significantly increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the nucleus tractus solitarii. In vagotomized S. murinus, the number of c-Fos-positive cells did not change, even under gastric acidification conditions. TRPV1 mRNA was highly expressed in the muscle and mucosal regions of the antrum and the nodose ganglion, whereas was not detected in the upper small intestine. Capsazepin, a TRPV1 antagonist, completely rescued the inhibitory effect of gastric acidification. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric acidification in S. murinus inhibits motilin-induced contractions, a finding similar to results observed in humans, while TRPV1-expressing vagus nerves play a role in the inhibitory mechanism.
Asunto(s)
Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Motilina/farmacología , Estómago/fisiología , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/metabolismo , Nervio Vago/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Musarañas , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/genéticaRESUMEN
Motilin was discovered in the 1970s as the most important hormone for stimulating strong gastric contractions; however, the mechanisms by which motilin causes gastric contraction are not clearly understood. Here, we determined the coordinated action of motilin and ghrelin on gastric motility during fasted and postprandial contractions by using house musk shrew (Suncus murinus; order: Insectivora, suncus named as the laboratory strain). Motilin-induced gastric contractions at phases I and II of the migrating motor complex were inhibited by pretreatment with (D-Lys(3))-GHRP-6 (6 mg/kg/h), a ghrelin receptor antagonist. Administration of the motilin receptor antagonist MA-2029 (0.1 mg/kg) and/or (D-Lys(3))-GHRP-6 (0.6 mg/kg) at the peak of phase III abolished the spontaneous gastric phase III contractions in vivo. Motilin did not stimulate gastric contractions in the postprandial state. However, in the presence of a low dose of ghrelin, motilin evoked phase III-like gastric contractions even in the postprandial state, and postprandial gastric emptying was accelerated. In addition, pretreatment with (D-Lys(3))-GHRP-6 blocked the motilin-induced gastric contraction in vitro and in vivo, and a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist reversed this block in gastric contraction. These results indicate that blockade of the GABAergic pathway by ghrelin is essential for motilin-induced gastric contraction.
Asunto(s)
Ghrelina/farmacología , Motilina/farmacología , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Complejo Mioeléctrico Migratorio/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ayuno , Femenino , Vaciamiento Gástrico/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Periodo Posprandial , Receptores de la Hormona Gastrointestinal/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Ghrelina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Neuropéptido/antagonistas & inhibidores , MusarañasRESUMEN
Motilin and ghrelin constitute a peptide family, and these hormones are important for the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. In this study, we examined the effect of motilin and ghrelin on gastric acid secretion in anesthetized suncus (house musk shrew, Suncus murinus), a ghrelin- and motilin-producing mammal. We first established a gastric lumen-perfusion system in the suncus and confirmed that intravenous (i.v.) administration of histamine (1 mg/kg body weight) stimulated acid secretion. Motilin (0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/kg BW) stimulated the acid output in a dose-dependent manner in suncus, whereas ghrelin (0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/kg BW) alone did not induce acid output. Furthermore, in comparison with the vehicle administration, the co-administration of low-dose (1 µg/kg BW) motilin and ghrelin significantly stimulated gastric acid secretion, whereas either motilin (1 µg/kg BW) or ghrelin (1 µg/kg BW) alone did not significantly induce gastric acid secretion. This indicates an additive role of ghrelin in motilin-induced gastric acid secretion. We then investigated the pathways of motilin/motilin and ghrelin-stimulated acid secretion using receptor antagonists. Treatment with YM 022 (a CCK-B receptor antagonist) and atropine (a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) had no effect on motilin or motilin-ghrelin co-administration-induced acid output. In contrast, famotidine (a histamine H2 receptor antagonist) completely inhibited motilin-stimulated acid secretion and co-administration of motilin and ghrelin induced gastric acid output. This is the first report demonstrating that motilin stimulates gastric secretion in mammals. Our results also suggest that motilin and co-administration of motilin and ghrelin stimulate gastric acid secretion via the histamine-mediated pathway in suncus.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Ghrelina/fisiología , Motilina/fisiología , Animales , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Transporte Biológico/efectos de los fármacos , Famotidina/farmacología , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/efectos de los fármacos , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Ghrelina/administración & dosificación , Ghrelina/farmacología , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Motilina/administración & dosificación , Motilina/farmacología , Musarañas , Estómago/efectos de los fármacos , Estómago/fisiología , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is produced predominantly in the stomach. It has been reported that endogenous ghrelin levels are increased by fasting and decreased immediately after feeding and that fasting-induced ghrelin release is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. However, the mechanisms of plasma ghrelin decrement after feeding are poorly understood. Here, we studied the control of ghrelin secretion using ghrelin-producing cell lines and found that these cells express high levels of mRNA encoding G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Addition of GW-9508 (a GPR120 chemical agonist) and α-linolenic acid (a natural ligand for GPR120) inhibited the secretion of ghrelin by â¼50 and 70%, respectively. However, the expression levels of preproghrelin and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) mRNAs were not influenced by GW-9508. In contrast, the expression levels of prohormone convertase 1 were decreased significantly by GW-9508 incubation. Moreover, we observed that the inhibitory effect of GW-9508 on ghrelin secretion was blocked by a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the sequence of GPR120. Furthermore, pretreatment with GW-9508 blocked the effect of the norepinephrine (NE)-induced ghrelin elevation in ghrelin cell lines. In addition, we showed that GW-9508 inhibited ghrelin secretion via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity in ghrelin cell lines. Finally, we found that GW-9508 decreased plasma ghrelin levels in mice. These results suggest that the decrease of ghrelin secretion after feeding is induced partially by long-chain fatty acids that act directly on gastric GPR120-expressing ghrelin cells.
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Ghrelina/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiología , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Animales , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ácidos Grasos/farmacología , Alimentos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Proproteína Convertasa 1/genética , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Interferente Pequeño/farmacología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Estómago/química , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We evaluated performance of Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay (real-time PCR, Abbott Japan) for detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by real-time PCR in 88 female patients with cervicitis symptoms seen at gynecological clinics and 100 male patients with urethritis symptoms seen at urological or dermatology clinics in Kitakyushu, Japan. Endocervical swab and first-voided urine (FVU) specimens were then collected from women and FVU specimens from men. Detection rates of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by real-time PCR in the 3 types of specimens were compared to those by ProbeTec ET assay (ProbeTec, BD Diagnostic System). The overall positive concordance between real-time PCR and ProbTec were 97.1% (66/68) for C. trachomatis and 100% (33/33) for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis detection yielded 3 discordant results in endocervical specimens and 1 discordant result in male FVU by real-time PCR and ProbTec. Three of 4 reexamined using Aptime Combo 2 Assay (Fuji Rebio Inc.) were positive for C. trachomatis. Endocervical swab and FVU specimen results for C. trachomatis were discordant in 3 cases in real-time PCR and 4 in ProbeTec. Subjects with 2 or more positive endocervical awab results in female or male FVU specimens were assumed to be "true positive" for C. trachomatis. The sensitivities of real-time PCR for detecting C. trachomatis was 94.4% in endocervical swabs, 77.8% in female FVU and 97.4% in the male FVU. The sensitivities for real-time PCR for detectig N. gonorrhoeae was 100% in all 3 specimen types. Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay was useful for detecting C. trachomatis using endocervical swabs or male FVU specimens and for detecting N. gonorrhoeae using endocervical swabs and all FVU specimens.
Asunto(s)
Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Manejo de Especímenes/métodosRESUMEN
The clinical efficacy and safety of levofloxacin (LVFX) 500mg qd were evaluated in female patients with cervicitis with Chlamydia trachomatis and intrauterine infections. LVFX was administered orally at 500 mg qd for 7 days. Bacteriological efficacy was 94.4% (17/18) and clinical efficacy was 100% (16/16) at 14 to 21 days after the end of treatment in cervicitis. On the other hand, bacteriological efficacy and clinical efficacy at the end of treatment in intrauterine infections were 68.8% (11/16) and 94.7% (18/19), respectively. For safety, adverse drug reactions occurred in 9 of 43 patients (20.9%), i.e., increased y-GTP in 2 patients, glucose urine present in 2, and each of all other adverse reactions occurred in 1. All adverse drug reactions observed were either mild or moderate. Results suggested that LVFX 500 mg qd was effective and safe in the treatment of cervicitis with Chlamydia trachomatis and intrauterine infections.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Chlamydia , Chlamydia trachomatis , Endometritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Endometritis/microbiología , Levofloxacino , Ofloxacino/administración & dosificación , Cervicitis Uterina/tratamiento farmacológico , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiología , Administración Oral , Adulto , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Glucosuria/inducido químicamente , Guanosina Trifosfato/sangre , Humanos , Ofloxacino/efectos adversos , Vigilancia de Productos Comercializados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We evaluated performance of Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay (real-time PCR, Abbott Japan) for detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by real-time PCR in 88 female patients with cervicitis symptoms seen at gynecological clinics and 100 male patients with urethritis symptoms seen at urological or dermatology clinics in Kitakyushu, Japan. Endocervical swab and first-voided urine (FVU) specimens were then collected from women and FVU specimens from men. Detection rates of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by real-time PCR in the 3 types of specimens were compared to those by ProbeTec ET assay (ProbeTec, BD Diagnostic System). The overall positive concordance between real-time PCR and ProbTec were 97.1% (66/68) for C. trachomatis and 100% (33/33) for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis detection yielded 3 discordant results in endocervical specimens and 1 discordant result in male FVU by real-time PCR and ProbTec. Three of 4 reexamined using Aptime Combo 2 Assay (Fuji Rebio Inc.) were positive for C. trachomatis. Endocervical swab and FVU specimen results for C. trachomatis were discordant in 3 cases in real-time PCR and 4 in ProbeTec. Subjects with 2 or more positive endocervical awab results in female or male FVU specimens were assumed to be "true positive" for C. trachomatis. The sensitivities of real-time PCR for detecting C. trachomatis was 94.4% in endocervical swabs, 77.8% in female FVU and 97.4% in the male FVU. The sensitivities for real-time PCR for detecting N. gonorrhoeae was 100% in all 3 specimentypes. Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay was useful for detecting C. trachomatis using endocervical swabs or male FVU specimens and for detecting N. gonorrhoeae using endocervical swabs and all FVU specimens.
Asunto(s)
Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Orina/microbiología , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Femenino , Gonorrea/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Uretritis/microbiología , Cervicitis Uterina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
In projection-type integral imaging, positional errors in elemental images and elemental lenses affect three-dimensional (3D) image quality. We analyzed the relationships between the geometric distortion in elemental images caused by a projection lens and the spatial distortion in the reconstructed 3D image. As a result, we clarified that 3D images that were reconstructed far from the lens array were largely affected, and that the reconstructed images were significantly distorted in the depth direction at the corners of the displayed images.
RESUMEN
A man with a 20-year history of recurrent iron-deficiency anemia complicated by Helicobacter pylori-positive Ménètrier's disease was observed over a 10-year clinical course, during which time he was successfully treated for the anemia and a gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection through eradication. Considering the satisfactory therapeutic results in this case, we performed eradication therapy on another H. pylori-positive atrophic gastritis case with a 24-year history of iron-deficiency anemia of unknown etiology, and again, complete remission was obtained. The clinical evidence from these two cases suggests that the gastric H. pylori infection was deeply involved in the pathogeneses of the iron-deficiency anemia. We believe that these case reports will provide useful information on H. pylon-involved pathology in the fields of hematology and gastroenterology.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Ferropénica/tratamiento farmacológico , Anemia Ferropénica/microbiología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/tratamiento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Ferrosos/uso terapéutico , Gastritis Atrófica/complicaciones , Gastritis Hipertrófica/complicaciones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Inducción de RemisiónRESUMEN
A highly potent allelopathic factor, lepidimoide, was initially extracted from mucilage of germinated cress seeds. Polysaccharide extracted from okra (Abelmoschus esculentum Moench) is considered to have a similar structure to lepidimoide as its repeating unit. We therefore initiated the screening of enzymes capable of degrading okra polysaccharide into lepidimoide from endophytes. We discovered an endophytic fungal strain AHU9748 isolated from Coleus galeatus, which produced an oligosaccharide having similar properties to lepidimoide on thin layer chromatography. The physico-chemical data from ESI-MS, NMR spectra and other analyses also showed the purified product to be identical to lepidimoide. The strain AHU9748 was identified as a fungus belonging to the coelomycetes, closely related to the genus Colletotrichum, based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the 18S rDNA and ITS region.