RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Lao People's Democratic Republic, hepatitis B virus is highly endemic. However, blood donations are only screened for HBsAg, leaving a risk of transmission by HBsAg-negative occult infected donors. Here, we characterized first-time blood donors to assess prevalence of hepatitis B virus infections and occult infected donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera were screened for HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBs, anti-HBc and anti-HBe antibodies. Occult HBV infections (OBIs) were assessed in HBsAg-negative sera by PCR, and sera of HBsAg positive and occult infected donors were phylogenetically characterized. RESULTS: 9·6% of the donors were HBsAg positive, and 45.5% were positive for at least one of the hepatitis B virus serum markers. More than 40% HBsAg carriers were HBeAg positive, with HBeAg seroconversion occurring around 30 years of age. Furthermore, 10·9% of HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs-positive donors were occult infected with hepatitis B virus. Thus, at least 3·9% of blood donations would potentially be unsafe, but hepatitis B virus DNA copy numbers greatly varied between donors. CONCLUSION: In Lao People's Democratic Republic, a sizable proportion of HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc antibody-positive blood donations are potentially DNA positive and infective for hepatitis B.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , ADN Viral/sangre , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/inmunología , Femenino , Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis B/transmisión , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/sangre , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/genética , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Humanos , Laos/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Sera from 105 anti-HCV-positive first-time blood donors collected in 2004, 2005 and 2008 in different provinces in Laos were investigated by PCR. Forty-five samples were positive for HCV (42.86%); two belonged to subtype 1b (2/45, 4.4%) and all others to genotype 6 (43/45, 95.6%), including subtypes 6b, 6h, 6k, 6l, 6n and 6q. Three groups of sequences were not clearly attributable to any genotype 6 subtype, two of which may be regarded as candidates for new subtypes of genotype 6. Two samples were mixed infected with different subtypes or clusters of genotype 6 viruses.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Hepacivirus/clasificación , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Donantes de Sangre , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Genotipo , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis C/diagnóstico , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Humanos , Laos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Viral/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Heterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa of the tongue is a rare type of oral choristoma. Associated pancreatic tissue has never been reported to our knowledge. We present the case of an 8-month-old female infant with congenital cleft palate who had a tongue mass. On histologic evaluation the lesion consisted of gastrointestinal and pancreatic tissue. This choristoma may arise from entrapped multipotential endoderm during tongue development.