Nitrogen-mediated volatilisation of defensive metabolites in tomato confers resistance to herbivores.

Plants synthesise a vast array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which serve as chemical defence and communication agents in their interactions with insect herbivores. Although nitrogen (N) is a critical resource in the production of plant metabolites, its regulatory effects on defensive VOCs remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of N content in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura), a notorious agricultural pest, using biochemical and molecular experiments in combination with insect behavioural and performance analyses. We observed that on tomato leaves with different N contents, S. litura showed distinct feeding preference and growth and developmental performance. Particularly, metabolomics profiling revealed that limited N availability conferred resistance upon tomato plants to S. litura is likely associated with the biosynthesis and emission of the volatile metabolite α-humulene as a repellent. Moreover, exogenous application of α-humulene on tomato leaves elicited a significant repellent response against herbivores. Thus, our findings unravel the key factors involved in N-mediated plant defence against insect herbivores and pave the way for innovation of N management to improve the plant defence responses to facilitate pest control strategies within agroecosystems.

Hyaluronic acid modified extracellular vesicles targeting hepatic stellate cells to attenuate hepatic fibrosis.

RATIONALE: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-ß1) plays a pivotal role in promoting hepatic fibrosis, pirfenidone (PFD) could inhibit TGF-ß1 signaling pathway to alleviate hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation mediated hepatic fibrosis. The targeting delivery strategy of PFD to hepatic stellate cells is a challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived membranous particles are intraluminal nano-vesicles that play a vital role in intercellular communication, they also be considered as an ideal nano-carrier. METHODS: In this study, we developed a target strategy to deliver PFD to HSC with CD44 over-expression by EVs, hyaluronic acid (HA) modified DSPE-PEG2000 endows the active targeting ability of activated HSCs to PFD-loaded EVs. RESULTS: In both rat hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 and rat hepatocyte cell line BRL, HA@EVs-PFD demonstrated the capacity to down-regulate the expression of collagen-synthesis-related proteins and showed superior inhibition efficacy of HSC-T6 activation compared to free PFD. In hepatic fibrosis model, 4 weeks of HA@EVs-PFD treatment resulted in a reduction in liver collagen fibers, significant improvement in hepatic cell morphology, and amelioration of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: HA@EVs-PFD, as a drug delivery system that effectively targets and inhibits activated HSCs to treat hepatic fibrosis, holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.

Clinical Performance of Self-Collected Purified Water Gargle for Detection of Influenza a Virus Infection by Real-Time RT-PCR.

Purpose: Self-collected specimens are increasingly being used as alternatives to swab-based methods for the detection of respiratory viruses. While saliva is well accepted, gargle specimens are a potential alternative with characteristics that are more favorable for laboratory handling. This study assessed the performance of gargle specimens in the detection of influenza A viruses (IAVs). Patients and Methods: We performed a prospective head-to-head comparison between combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (NPS&OPS) and purified water gargle (PWG) among adult outpatients with febrile respiratory symptoms to detect IAVs using real-time RT-PCR during two influenza seasons. Results: During study periods 1 (July 13 to 26, 2022, H3N2 predominated) and 2 (February 25 to March 10, 2023, H1N1 pdm09 predominated), a total of 459 patients were recruited. The overall agreement between the NPS&OPS and PWG was 85.0% (390/459, κ = 0.697), with 88.0% in period 1 and 82.6% in period 2. The detection rate of IAVs in PWG (51.6%, 237/459) was lower than that in NPS&OPS (62.3%, 286/459) (p < 0.0001). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 96.6% (93.7-98.3%) and 100% (97.1-100%) in NPS&OPS and were 80.1% (75.0-84.4%) and 100% (97.1-100%) in PWG, respectively. Among the 227 pairs of concordant positive specimens, cycle threshold (Ct) values were significantly lower in NPS&OPS than in PWG (median Ct values: 24.2, 28.2, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Although self-collected PWG specimens offer acceptable performance for IAVs molecular testing, NPS&OPS remain a reliable option. Given the convenience of collection, nonviscous gargles are recommended for viral detection during emergencies or under specific conditions.

Characteristics and adsorption behavior of typical microplastics in long-term accelerated weathering simulation.

Microplastics can function as carriers in the environment, absorbing various toxins and spreading to diverse ecosystems. Toxins accumulated in microplastics have the potential to be re-released, posing a threat. In this study, two typical plastics, namely polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS), along with the degradable plastic poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), were subjected to a long-term ultraviolet alternating weathering experiment. The study investigated the variations in the weathering process and pollutant adsorption of microplastics of different particle sizes. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of microplastics for various pollutants was assessed. The findings indicate that particle size significantly influences weathering, leading to variations in adsorption capacity. The weathered PE displays a higher adsorption capacity for azo dyes. Additionally, the adsorption capacity of PBAT for neutral red is double that of antibiotics. Importantly, the maximum adsorption capacity of PBAT for pollutants after aging is approximately 10 times greater than that of PE. Consequently, degradable plastics undergoing weathering in the natural environment may pose a higher ecological risk than traditional plastics.

The PLETHORA Homolog In Marchantia polymorpha is Essential To Meristem Maintenance, Developmental Progression, And Redox Homeostasis.

To adapt to a terrestrial habitat, the ancestors of land plants must make several morphological and physiological modifications, such as a meristem allowing for three-dimensional growth, rhizoids for water and nutrient uptake, air pore complexes or stomata that permit air exchange, and a defense system to cope with oxidative stress that occurs frequently in a terrestrial habitat. To understand how meristem is determined during land plant evolution, we characterized the function of the closest PLETHORA homolog in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, which we named MpPLT. Through transgenic approach, we showed that MpPLT is expressed not only in the stem cells at the apical notch but also in the proliferation zone of the meristem, as well as cells that form the air-pore complex and rhizoids. Using the CRISPR method we then created mutants for MpPLT and found that the mutants are not only defective in meristem maintenance but also compromised in air-pore complex and rhizoid development. Strikingly, at later developmental stages, numerous gemma-like structures were formed in Mpplt mutants, suggesting developmental arrest. Further experiments indicate that MpPLT promotes plant growth by regulating MpWOX, which shared a similar expression pattern as MpPLT, and genes involved in auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways. Through transcriptome analyses, we found that MpPLT also has a role in redox homeostasis and that this role is essential to plant growth. Together, these results suggest that MpPLT has a crucial role in liverwort growth and development and hence may have played a crucial role in early land plant evolution.

Evaluation of 3D tablet-based stereoacuity test ASTEROID in children with normal and abnormal visual acuity.

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of 3D, tablet-based, glasses-free Accurate STEReotest (ASTEROID) in children compared with the Titmus test. METHODS: Children aged 5-13 years were enrolled in a single-center, nonrandomized, observational comparison study and analyzed by age (5-7 vs 8-13 years) and visual acuity (20/25 or better in both eyes vs abnormal). Each participant underwent both the ASTEROID and Titmus stereoacuity tests. Stereoacuity was defined as fine (≤60 arcsec), moderate (61-200 arcsec), coarse (201-1199 arcsec), or very coarse to nil (≥1200 arcsec). Agreement between the tests was assessed using a weighted kappa (κ) statistic based on all four categories. RESULTS: A total of 112 children were included: 28 aged 5-7 with normal visual acuity, 30 aged 5-7 with abnormal visual acuity, 34 aged 8-13 with normal visual acuity, and 20 aged 8-13 with abnormal visual acuity. Mean ASTEROID score was 688 ± 533 arcsec (range, 13-1200 arcsec). Agreement between ASTEROID and Titmus test scores for participants overall was moderate (κ = 0.52). By subgroup, agreement was fair for children 5-7 with abnormal visual acuity (κ = 0.31), moderate for children 5-7 with normal visual acuity (κ = 0.47) and children 8-13 with normal visual acuity (κ = 0.42), and substantial for children 8-13 with abnormal visual acuity (κ = 0.76). Where ASTEROID and Titmus score group varied, ASTEROID score was poorer in 94% (47/50) of cases. CONCLUSIONS: ASTEROID is a digital, tablet-based test that evaluates global stereopsis, does not require glasses, and provides a continuum of scores. Among children, ASTEROID has good agreement with the Titmus test; however, it may be more sensitive at detecting stereovision deficits. Further study is necessary to determine which test is more accurate.

Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks from design, synthesis to biological applications.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute a class of highly functional porous materials composed of lightweight elements interconnected by covalent bonds, characterized by structural order, high crystallinity, and large specific surface area. The integration of naturally occurring porphyrin molecules, renowned for their inherent rigidity and conjugate planarity, as building blocks in COFs has garnered significant attention. This strategic incorporation addresses the limitations associated with free-standing porphyrins, resulting in the creation of well-organized porous crystal structures with molecular-level directional arrangements. The unique optical, electrical, and biochemical properties inherent to porphyrin molecules endow these COFs with diversified applications, particularly in the realm of biology. This review comprehensively explores the synthesis and modulation strategies employed in the development of porphyrin-based COFs and delves into their multifaceted applications in biological contexts. A chronological depiction of the evolution from design to application is presented, accompanied by an analysis of the existing challenges. Furthermore, this review offers directional guidance for the structural design of porphyrin-based COFs and underscores their promising prospects in the field of biology.

Interlayer Structure Manipulation of FeOCl/MXene with Soft/Hard Interface Design for Safe Water Production Using Dechlorination Battery Deionization.

Suffering from the susceptibility to decomposition, the potential electrochemical application of FeOCl has greatly been hindered. The rational design of the soft-hard material interface can effectively address the challenge of stress concentration and thus decomposition that may occur in the electrodes during charging and discharging. Herein, interlayer structure manipulation of FeOCl/MXene using soft-hard interface design method were conducted for electrochemical dechlorination. FeOCl was encapsulated in Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets by electrostatic self-assembly layer by layer to form a soft-hard mechanical hierarchical structure, in which Ti3C2Tx was used as flexible buffer layers to relieve the huge volume change of FeOCl during Cl- intercalation/deintercalation and constructed a conductive network for fast charge transfer. The CDI dechlorination system of FeOCl/Ti3C2Tx delivered outstanding Cl- adsorption capacity (158.47 ± 6.98 mg g-1), rate (6.07 ± 0.35 mg g-1 min-1), and stability (over 94.49% in 30 cycles), and achieved considerable energy recovery (21.14 ± 0.25%). The superior dechlorination performance was proved to originate from the Fe2+/Fe3+ topochemical transformation and the deformation constraint effect of Ti3C2Tx on FeOCl. Our interfacial design strategy enables a hard-to-soft integration capacity, which can serve as a universal technology for solving the translational problem of electrode volume expansion.

Lycopodium alkaloids from Huperzia serrata and their cholinesterase inhibitory activities.

Huperzia serrata, belonging to the Lycopodiaceae family, has been traditionally utilized for the management of treating rheumatic numbness, arthritic pain, dysmenorrhea, and contusions. This plant is a rich source of lycopodium alkaloids, some of which have demonstrated notable cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The objective of this study was to identify lycopodium alkaloids with cholinesterase inhibitory properties from H. serrata. The structures of these alkaloids were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR (including a 1H-15N HMBC experiment), ECD methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were assessed using a modified Ellman's method. Consequently, sixteen lycopodium alkaloids (1-16), including ten previously undescribed ones named huperradines A-G and huperradines I-K (1-7 and 9-11), along with one previously undescribed naturally occurring compound, huperradine H (8), were isolated from H. serrata. Among these, compounds 7 and 1 exhibited potent and moderate AChE inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.876 ± 0.039 µM and 13.125 ± 0.521 µM, respectively. Our results suggest that huperradine G (7) may be a promising lead compound for the development of new AChE inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease.

Periodontal disease increases the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that periodontitis can increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and investigated the causal effect of periodontitis (PD) on the genetic prediction of COPD. The study aimed to estimate how exposures affected outcomes. METHODS: Published data from the Gene-Lifestyle Interaction in the Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) Consortium's genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for periodontitis (17,353 cases and 28,210 controls) and COPD (16,488 cases and 169,688 controls) from European ancestry were utilized. This study employed a two-sample MR analysis approach and applied several complementary methods, including weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), and MR-Egger regression. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was further conducted to mitigate the influence of smoking on COPD. RESULTS: We chose five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for periodontitis. A strong genetically predicted causal link between periodontitis and COPD, that is, periodontitis as an independent risk factor for COPD was detected. PD (OR = 1.102951, 95% CI: 1.005-1.211, p = 0.039) MR-Egger regression and weighted median analysis results were coincident with those of the IVW method. According to the sensitivity analysis, horizontal pleiotropy's effect on causal estimations seemed unlikely. However, reverse MR analysis revealed no significant genetic causal association between COPD and periodontitis. IVW (OR = 1.048 > 1, 95%CI: 0.973-1.128, p = 0.2082) MR Egger (OR = 0.826, 95%CI:0.658-1.037, p = 0.1104) and weighted median (OR = 1.043, 95%CI: 0.941-1.156, p = 0.4239). The results of multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis, after adjusting for the confounding effect of smoking, suggest a potential causal relationship between periodontitis and COPD (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: In this study, periodontitis was found to be independent of COPD and a significant risk factor, providing new insights into periodontitis-mediated mechanisms underlying COPD development.

Bevacizumab induces ferroptosis and enhances CD8+ T cell immune activity in liver cancer via modulating HAT1 and increasing IL-9.

Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 antibody of VEGF, and inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ferroptosis, a new form of regulated cell death function independently of the apoptotic machinery, has been accepted as an attractive target for pharmacological intervention; the ferroptosis pathway can enhance cell immune activity of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in HCC. In this study we investigated whether and how bevacizumab regulated ferroptosis and immune activity in liver cancer. Firstly, we performed RNA-sequencing in bevacizumab-treated human liver cancer cell line HepG2 cells, and found that bevacizumab significantly altered the expression of a number of genes including VEGF, PI3K, HAT1, SLC7A11 and IL-9 in liver cancer, bevacizumab upregulated 37 ferroptosis-related drivers, and downregulated 17 ferroptosis-related suppressors in particular. We demonstrated that bevacizumab triggered ferroptosis in liver cancer cells by driving VEGF/PI3K/HAT1/SLC7A11 axis. Clinical data confirmed that the expression levels of VEGF were positively associated with those of PI3K, HAT1 and SLC7A11 in HCC tissues. Meanwhile, we found that bevacizumab enhanced immune cell activity in tumor immune-microenvironment. We identified that HAT1 up-regulated miR-143 targeting IL-9 mRNA 3'UTR in liver cancer cells; bevacizumab treatment resulted in the increase of IL-9 levels and its secretion via VEGF/PI3K/HAT1/miR-143/IL-9 axis, which led to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo through increasing the release of IL-2 and Granzyme B from activated CD8+ T cells. We conclude that in addition to inhibiting angiogenesis, bevacizumab induces ferroptosis and enhances CD8+ T cell immune activity in liver cancer. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms by which bevacizumab synergistically modulates ferroptosis and CD8+ T cell immune activity in liver cancer.

Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for predicting parametrial invasion in cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the predictive efficacy of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in parametrial invasion (PMI) in cervical cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 83 cervical cancer patients (32 PMI-positive and 51 PMI-negative) retrospectively underwent pretreatment IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI scans. IVIM-DWI parameters included apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), slow apparent diffusion coefficient (D), fast apparent diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f). DCE-MRI parameters included volume transfer constant (Ktrans), flux rate constant (Kep), and fractional extravascular extracellular space volume (Ve). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent variables associated with PMI. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess the predictive performance of significant parameters. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis revealed that the MRI parameters D (odds ratio [OR]: 7.05; 95% CI 1.78-27.88; P = 0.005), D* (OR 6.58; 95% CI 1.49-29.10; P = 0.01), f (OR 5.12; 95% CI 1.23-21.37; P = 0.03), Ktrans (OR 4.60; 95% CI 1.19-17.81; P = 0.03), and Kep (OR 4.90; 95% CI 1.25-19.18; P = 0.02) were independent predictors of PMI in cervical cancer patients. The combined parameter incorporating these parameters demonstrated the highest performance in predicting PMI, yielding an area under the curve of 0.906, sensitivity of 84.4%, and specificity of 86.3%. CONCLUSION: The proposed combined parameter exhibited favorable performance in identifying PMI in cervical cancer patients.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids as potential ACL inhibitors from the rare medicinal plant Semiliquidambar cathayensis.

An extensive phytochemical investigation on the rare medicinal plant Semiliquidambar cathayensis (family: Hamamelidaceae) led to the isolation of four new (1-4, named semiliquidacids A-D, respectively) and 25 related known pentacyclic triterpenoids. The new structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 represents the first naturally occurring ursane-type triterpenoid featuring an uncommon C-25 formyl group. Compound 4 and oleanolic acid (13) exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects against the ATP-citrate lyase (ACL, an emerging drug target for hyperlipidemia and related metabolic disorders) with IC50 values of 6.5 and 11.9 µM, respectively. The molecular interaction and binding mode between the bioactive triterpenoids and ACL were elaborated by conducting a molecular docking study. Meanwhile, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated triterpenoids has been briefly discussed.

Replantation of multiple fingertip amputations using super microsurgery: A case report and literature review.

Background: The fingertip amputation is an amputation type of the finger beyond the proximal nail fold. There is no vein available for anastomoses on the dorsal side of the finger, and the palmar vein of the finger is small and tightly attached to the skin. Therefore, it is relatively difficult to implement surgical anastomoses, which poses challenges to the clinical treatment of fingertip amputations. Case report: A 29-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to "the amputation of the fingertips of the right index, middle, and ring fingers caused by a heavy object compression 3 h ago". The admission examination revealed that the right index, middle, and ring fingers were completely severed at the 1/2 plane of the nail bed, with irregular sections, severe contusion, and pollution. The X-ray examination showed comminuted fractures of the distal phalanges of the right index, middle, and ring fingers. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with multiple severed fingertips of the right hand (Tamai Zone 1). The patient underwent debridement, vascular exploration, and replantation of the right index, middle, and ring fingertips under emergency general anesthesia. After surgery, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, and anticoagulant treatment and regular dressing changes were conducted. The patient did not receive a blood transfusion, and all three fingers survived. The appearance of these fingers was favorable 3 months after surgery, and the flexion and extension of these fingers were normal. Eventually, the patient achieved excellent Chen's hand function scores. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first successful case regarding the replantation of three fingertips after amputations in Tamai Zone 1 with favorable outcomes. It can be maintained that super microsurgery can be used for the replantation of multiple fingertip amputations.

Revealing the synergistic effect of Ni single atoms and adjacent 3d metal doped Ni nanoparticles in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.

Herein, we report the successful fabrication of a series of transition metal doped Ni nanoparticles (NPs) coordinated with Ni single atoms in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (denoted as Ni1+NPsM-NCNTs, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn; Ni1 = Ni single atom). X-ray absorption fine structure reveals the coexistence of Ni single atoms with Ni-N4 coordination and NiM NPs. When applied for electrocatalytic CO2RR, the Ni1+NPsM-NCNT compounds show the Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) with a volcano-like tendency of Mn < Fe ≈ Co < Zn < Cu, in which the Ni1+NPsCu-NCNT exhibits the highest FECO of 96.92%, a current density of 171.25 mA cm-2 and a sustainable stability over 24 hours at a current density of 100 mA cm-2, outperforming most reported examples in the literature. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that for Ni1+NPsCu-NCNTs, the electron transfer from NiCu NPs to Ni single atoms strengthens the adsorption of *COOH intermediates. Moreover, the d-band center of Ni-N in Ni1+NPsCu-NCNT is upshifted, providing stronger binding with the reaction intermediates of *COOH, whereas the NiCu NPs increase the Gibbs free energy change of the Volmer step, suppressing the competitive HER.

Iron deficiency at birth and risk of hidden hearing loss in infants modification by socioeconomic status: mother-newborn cohort in Shenyang, China.

OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of hidden hearing loss (HHL) in calm state has not yet been determined, while the nutritional status is not involved in its pathogenic risk factors. In utero iron deficiency (ID) may delay auditory neural maturation in infants. We evaluated the association between ID and HHL as well as the modification effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on this association in newborns. STUDY DESIGN: We included 859 mother-newborns from the baseline of this observational northeast cohort. Data on exposure assessment included iron status [maternal hemoglobin (Hb) and neonatal heel prick serum ferritin (SF)] and SES (occupation, education and income). Auditory neural maturation was reflected by auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing and electrocochleography (ECochG). RESULTS: Iron status and SES were independently and jointly associated with the prediction of neonatal HHL by logistic and linear regression model. The mediation effects were performed by Process. ID increased absolute latency wave V, interpeak latency (IPL) III-V, and summting potentials (SP) /action potentials (AP), which were combined as HHL. Low SES showed the highest risk of HHL and the highest levels of related parameters in ID newborns. Moreover, after Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were positive, preschool children who experience ID in neonatal period were more likely to suffer from otitis media with effusion (OME). High SES also showed similar risk effects. CONCLUSION: Both low and high SES may strengthen the risk of ID on neonatal HHL in Northeast China.

Effect of comprehensive nursing on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a widely recognized disease characterized by high prevalence, mortality, morbidity, disability, and recurrence rates. It ranks prominently in terms of mortality, constituting 60%-80% of stroke cases. AIM: To explore the impact of comprehensive nursing care on the quality of life and swallowing function in individuals diagnosed with IS. METHODS: This study comprised 172 patients with IS admitted to our hospital between February 2018 to March 2021. The participants were divided into two groups, namely the control group (n = 80) receiving routine care and the research group (n = 92) receiving comprehensive care. Various assessment scales, including the standard swallowing function assessment scale (SSA), National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS), European stroke scale (ESS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), Barthel index (BI), and the motor function assessment scale (MAS), were employed to evaluate the improvement in swallowing function, neurological deficits, clinical outcomes, anxiety, depression, daily living activities, and motor function before and after care. Furthermore, the study compared the occurrence of adverse reactions during the nursing period, life quality before and after the intervention, rehabilitation compliance, and nursing satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: After the nursing intervention, the research group exhibited significantly improved SSA and NIHSS scores compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, both groups demonstrated significant reductions in SAS and SDS scores (P < 0.05), with the research group showing more obvious advantages (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the research group displayed significantly better ESS, BI, and MAS scores (P < 0.05), coupled with a lower incidence of adverse reactions (P < 0.05). Additionally, the research group demonstrated markedly higher levels of life quality, rehabilitation compliance, and nursing satisfaction compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Comprehensive nursing effectively improved swallowing function, quality of life, and patient satisfaction, highlighting its clinical significance.

Attitude and heading measurement based on adaptive complementary Kalman filter for PS/MIMU integrated system.

The bionic polarization sensor (PS)/MEMS inertial measurement unit (MIMU) integrated system can provide reliable attitude and heading information for unmanned vehicles in the case of GNSS rejection. However, the existing measurement methods have poor adaptability to inclining, sheltering, and other harsh environments, and do not make full use of the complementary characteristics of the gyroscopes, accelerometers, and PS, which seriously affects the system performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an attitude and heading measurement method based on an adaptive complementary Kalman filter (ACKF), which corrects the gyroscopes according to the gravity measured by the accelerometers to improve the attitude accuracy and fuses the IMU heading and tilt-compensated polarization heading by Kalman optimal estimation. On this basis, the maximum correlation entropy of the measured gravity and the theoretical gravity is used to construct an adaptive factor to realize the adaptive complementary of the gyroscopes and the accelerometers. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by the outdoor rotation test without occlusion and the vehicle test with occlusion. Compared with the traditional Kalman filter, the pitch, roll, and heading RMSE of the vehicle test are reduced by 89.3%, 93.2% and, 9.6% respectively, which verifies the great advantages.

Mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectroscopy using an all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber.

We present the first mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectrometer employing an absorption cell based on self-fabricated, all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF). The spectrometer is capable of measuring sub-mL sample volumes with 26 m interaction length and noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 8.3 × 10-8 cm-1 Hz-1/2 per spectral element in the range of 2900 cm-1 to 3100 cm-1. Compared to a commercially available multipass cell, the ARHCF offers a similar interaction length in a 1000 times lower gas sample volume and a 2.8 dB lower transmission loss, resulting in better absorption sensitivity. The broad transmission windows of ARHCFs, in combination with a tunable optical frequency comb, make them ideal for multispecies detection, while the prospect of measuring samples in small volumes makes them a competitive technique to photoacoustic spectroscopy along with the robustness and prospect of coiling the ARHCFs open doors for miniaturization and out-of-laboratory applications.

Nonlinear optical diode effect in a magnetic Weyl semimetal.

Diode effects are of great interest for both fundamental physics and modern technologies. Electrical diode effects (nonreciprocal transport) have been observed in Weyl systems. Optical diode effects arising from the Weyl fermions have been theoretically considered but not probed experimentally. Here, we report the observation of a nonlinear optical diode effect (NODE) in the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi, where the magnetization introduces a pronounced directionality in the nonlinear optical second-harmonic generation (SHG). We demonstrate a six-fold change of the measured SHG intensity between opposite propagation directions over a bandwidth exceeding 250 meV. Supported by density-functional theory, we establish the linearly dispersive bands emerging from Weyl nodes as the origin of this broadband effect. We further demonstrate current-induced magnetization switching and thus electrical control of the NODE. Our results advance ongoing research to identify novel nonlinear optical/transport phenomena in magnetic topological materials and further opens new pathways for the unidirectional manipulation of light.