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1.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 137(2): 979-84, 2011 Sep 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21782015

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aralia continentalis has been used in traditional Korean medicine for dental diseases such as toothache, dental caries, periodontal disease and gingivitis, and also has been used for neuralgia, analgesia, sweating, and as an antirheumatic. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Aralia continentalis extract on cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans, which is one of the most important bacteria in the formation of dental caries and dental plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inhibitory effects of Aralia continentalis extract on the growth, acid production, water-insoluble glucan synthesis, and adhesion were investigated in Streptococcus mutans. The biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and safranin staining. RESULTS: The ethanol extract of Aralia continentalis showed concentration dependent inhibitory activity on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and significant inhibition of acid production at the concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml compared to the control group. The synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by glucosyltransferase (GTFase) was decreased in the presence of 0.5-4 mg/ml of the extract of Aralia continentalis. The extract markedly inhibited Streptococcus mutans adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (S-HAs). The extract of Aralia continentalis has an inhibitory effect on the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms at the concentrations higher than 2mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Aralia continentalis may inhibit cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans, and also may support the scientific rationale that native inhabitants used the extract for the treatment of dental diseases.


Asunto(s)
Aralia/química , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Caries Dental/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos/análisis , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cariostáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glucanos/biosíntesis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus mutans/metabolismo
2.
J Food Sci ; 76(9): H226-30, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22416707

RESUMEN

Curcuma longa (C. longa) has been used as a spice in foods and as an antimicrobial in Oriental medicine. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of an essential oil isolated from C. longa on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which is an important bacterium in dental plaque and dental caries formation. First, the inhibitory effects of C. longa essential oil on the growth and acid production of S. mutans were tested. Next, the effect of C. longa essential oil on adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (S-HAs) was investigated. C. longa essential oil inhibited the growth and acid production of S. mutans at concentrations from 0.5 to 4 mg/mL. The essential oil also exhibited significant inhibition of S. mutans adherence to S-HAs at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/mL. S. mutans biofilm formation was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and safranin staining. The essential oil of C. longa inhibited the formation of S. mutans biofilms at concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/mL. The components of C. longa essential oil were then analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and the major components were α-turmerone (35.59%), germacrone (19.02%), α-zingiberene (8.74%), αr-turmerone (6.31%), trans-ß-elemenone (5.65%), curlone (5.45%), and ß-sesquiphellandrene (4.73%). These results suggest that C. longa may inhibit the cariogenic properties of S. mutans.


Asunto(s)
Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Curcuma/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesión Bacteriana , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Saliva/microbiología , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo
3.
Phytother Res ; 24(6): 834-9, 2010 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19957243

RESUMEN

The radix of Pueraria thunbergiana (P. thunbergiana) is traditionally prescribed to attenuate the clinical manifestation of inner ear dysfunction and various clinical situations including fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, skin problems, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol, and treating chronic alcoholism in oriental medicine. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of ethanol extract of the radix of P. thunbergiana (RPT) on cisplatin-induced damage of HEI-OC1 auditory hair cells. When the cells were cultured in the medium containing 5-100 microg/mL of RPT, RPT showed protective effect against the cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage. We also measured the effects of RPT on lipid peroxidation of cisplatin-treated cells as well as scavenging activities against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. RPT reduced cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RPT showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that RPT protects cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging activities of free radials.


Asunto(s)
Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Pueraria/química , Animales , Línea Celular , Radicales Libres/farmacología , Peroxidación de Lípido , Ratones
4.
Am J Chin Med ; 37(4): 735-46, 2009.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19655411

RESUMEN

The fruits of Cornus officinalis have been used in traditional oriental medicine for treatment of inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and hearing loss. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of C. officinalis on hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. The results from bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extract of C. officinalis fruits showed that ursolic acid is a major active component. Ursolic acid (0.05-2 microg/ml) had protective effect against the HEI-OC1 cell damage and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, pre-treatment with ursolic acid significantly attenuated the decrease of activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not significantly affected by ursolic acid. These results indicate that ursolic acid protects hydrogen peroxide-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and induction of antioxidant enzymes, CAT and GPX, and may be one of the active components responsible for these effects of C. officinalis fruits.


Asunto(s)
Cornus/química , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Triterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Frutas/química , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Metanol/química , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Triterpenos/química , Ácido Ursólico
5.
Am J Chin Med ; 35(3): 497-505, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17597508

RESUMEN

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is known as the causative bacteria in the formation of dental plaque and dental caries. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus) tuber extract on the growth, acid production, adhesion, and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of S. mutans. The growth and acid production were reduced by the extract of C. rotundus in a dose dependent manner. The extract of C. rotundus markedly inhibited the adherence of S. mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (HAs). The adherence was repressed by more than 50% at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of the extract and complete inhibition was observed at the concentration of 4 mg/ml of the extract. On the activity of glucosyltransferase (GTFase) which synthesizes water-insoluble glucan from sucrose, the extract of C. rotundus showed more than 10% inhibition at a concentration of 2 mg/ml. These results suggest that C. rotundus may inhibit cariogenic properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of C. rotundus responsible for such biomolecular activities.


Asunto(s)
Cyperus , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos/análisis , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glucanos/biosíntesis , Glucosiltransferasas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo
6.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 111(2): 413-7, 2007 May 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17234374

RESUMEN

In the present study, inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) on the growth, acid production, adhesion, and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were examined. The growth and acid production of Streptococcus mutans were inhibited by the presence of ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa (0.5-4 mg/ml) significantly. The ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa (0.25-4 mg/ml) also significantly lowered the adherence of Streptococcus mutans in a dose dependent manner. In water-insoluble glucan synthesis assay, 2-4 mg/ml of the ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa significantly inhibited the formation of water-insoluble glucan. These results suggest that Saussurea lappa may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of Streptococcus mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of Saussurea lappa responsible for such biomolecular activities.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Glucanos/biosíntesis , Saussurea/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glucanos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Solubilidad , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus mutans/fisiología
7.
Am J Chin Med ; 34(6): 1083-93, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17163596

RESUMEN

Steamed roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (R. glutinosa) have been traditionally used in Oriental medicine for the treatment of auditory diseases such as tinnitus and hearing loss. To investigate whether the ethanol extract of steamed roots of R. glutinosa (SRG) increases activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of glutathione (GSH), we measured activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) and GSH level in HEI-OC1 cells after treatment with 5-50 microg/ml of SRG. The SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in the presence of SRG compared to the control group. Maximal activities of SOD and CAT were observed in these cells exposed to 10 microg/ml of SRG. The GPX activity also increased dramatically in response to the treatment with SRG in a dose-dependent manner. The GR activity was only increased in the presence of 50 microg/ml of SRG compared to the control group. The level of GSH gradually increased in the presence of 5-50 microg/ml of SRG. In the cytotoxicity test, 5-50 microg/ml of SRG did not show any significant cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the traditional use of R. glutinosa for the treatment of auditory diseases may be explained, in part, by activation of intracellular antioxidant enzyme systems. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of SRG responsible for such biomolecular activities.


Asunto(s)
Células Ciliadas Auditivas/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas/biosíntesis , Rehmannia , Animales , Línea Celular , Células Ciliadas Auditivas/citología , Ratones , Raíces de Plantas
8.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 107(3): 383-8, 2006 Oct 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16698207

RESUMEN

The steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa has been used in traditional Oriental Medicine for treatment of inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and hearing loss. In the present study, we showed that the ethanol extract of steamed roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (SRG) protected HEI-OC1 auditory cells from cisplatin cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, to investigate the protection mechanism of SRG on cisplatin cytotoxicity towards HEI-OC1, we measured the effects of SRG on lipid peroxidation of cisplatin treated cells as well as scavenging activities against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. SRG (5-100 microg/ml) had protective effect against the cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SRG showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical. These results indicate that SRG protects cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging activities of free radials.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Cóclea/efectos de los fármacos , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Rehmannia , Animales , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cóclea/citología , Cóclea/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Radical Hidroxilo/química , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas , Superóxidos/química
9.
J Med Food ; 9(4): 505-9, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17201637

RESUMEN

Asarum sieboldii has been used in traditional folk medicine to treat dental caries and periodontal disease. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. sieboldii on the growth, acid production, adhesion, and water-insoluble glucan synthesis of Streptococcus mutans. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. sieboldii inhibited the growth and acid production of S. mutans. In the bacterial adherence assay, the ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. sieboldii significantly lowered the adherence of S. mutans. We also found that the ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. sieboldii significantly inhibited the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by crude glucosyltransferase. These results suggest that A. sieboldii extracts may inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of A. sieboldii extracts responsible for such biomolecular activities.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Asarum/química , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Glucanos/biosíntesis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Etanol , Glucosiltransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Glucosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus mutans/fisiología , Agua
10.
Life Sci ; 78(25): 2937-43, 2006 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16376386

RESUMEN

Scoparone is a major component of the shoot of Artemisia capillaris (Compositae), which has been used for the treatment of hepatitis and biliary tract infection in oriental countries. In this study, the effects of scoparone on the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were examined in U937 human monocytes activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Scoparone (5-100 microM) had no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated cells and concentration-dependently reversed PMA-induced toxicity in the cells stimulated with PMA. Scoparone concentration-dependently reduced the release of IL-8 and MCP-1 protein and expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA levels induced by PMA. Moreover, scoparone inhibited the levels of NF-kappaB-DNA complex and NF-kappaB activity in the cells stimulated with PMA in a concentration-dependent manner. Scoparone dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB1 p50, RelA p65, and c-Rel p75. These data suggest that scoparone may inhibit the expression of chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1) in PMA-stimulated U937 cells and a potential mechanism of scoparone may be inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which is linked to inhibition of NF-kappaB subunits (NF-kappaB1 p50, RelA p65, and c-Rel p75) translocation via suppression of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Quimiocina CCL2/biosíntesis , Cumarinas/farmacología , Interleucina-8/biosíntesis , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Línea Celular Tumoral , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Monocitos/metabolismo , Inhibidor NF-kappaB alfa , Fosforilación , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol
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