Subdivision of injured area for Schatzker IV tibial plateau fracture repair: A report of 12 cases.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of Schatzker IV tibial plateau fractures is challenging due to the wide variety of potential fracture morphologies and injury to multiple ligaments. Subdivision of the injured area into three zones may simplify the preoperative plan. In this study, we reported 12 cases of Schatzker IV tibial plateau fracture that were treated with pre-operative plans based on a new subdivision of the injured area. METHODS: From January 2012 to April 2016, 12 patients with a Schatzker IV tibial plateau fracture were treated in our hospital with preoperative plans guided by the new sub-division method. Clinical and radiological results were evaluated during follow-up. RESULTS: In all cases, the incisions healed without skin necrosis, and the average Lysholm knee score was 73 points (range, 53-90) at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Sub-division of the injured area represented a useful strategy for preoperative surgical planning in the treatment of Schatzker IV tibial plateau fractures.

Integrative transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome and genetic mapping reveals new aspects in a fiberless mutant of cotton.

To investigate the molecular mechanisms of fiber initiation in cotton (Gossypium spp.), an integrated approach combining transcriptome, iTRAQ-based proteome and genetic mapping was taken to compare the ovules of the Xuzhou 142 wild type (WT) with its fuzzless-lintless (fl) mutant at -3 and 0 day post-anthesis. A total of 1,953 mRNAs, 187 proteins, and 131 phosphoproteins were differentially expressed (DE) between WT and fl, and the levels of transcripts and their encoded proteins and phosphoproteins were highly congruent. A functional analysis suggested that the abundance of proteins were mainly involved in amino sugar, nucleotide sugar and fatty acid metabolism, one carbon pool for folate metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and enzymatic assays were performed to confirm the regulation of these transcripts and proteins. A molecular mapping located the lintless gene li3 in the fl mutant on chromosome 26 for the first time. A further in-silico physical mapping of DE genes with sequence variations between fl and WT identified one and four candidate genes in the li3 and n2 regions, respectively. Taken together, the transcript abundance, phosphorylation status of proteins at the fiber initiation stage and candidate genes have provided insights into regulatory processes underlying cotton fiber initiation.

[Genome-wide analysis of the LPAAT gene family in Gossypium raimondii and G. arboreum, and expression analysis of its orthologs in G. hirsutum].

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) which converts lysophosphatidic acid into phosphatidic acid is a key enzyme in biosynthesis pathway of lipid in plants. In this study, we identified 17 members of the LPAAT gene family from genomic data of G. raimondii-D5 and G. arboreum-A2. Analysis of gene structure, chromosome distribution and phylogenetic evolution of LPAAT genes in diploid Gossypium using bioinformatics approaches showed that these genes can be divided into distinct subfamilies based on the distance of their genetic relationship. Moreover, the gene structures were similar within LPAAT subfamily members. The amino acid sequences encoded by LPAAT family genes contained three conserved motifs, including ΦFPEGTR-G binding site and Φ-NHQS- ΦDΦΦ catalytic site. Phylogenetic analysis of LPAAT gene family demonstrated significant differences in evolution of LPAAT in different species. Finally, expression analysis of G. hirsutum ovules in different stages from RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data indicated that LPAAT gene may play a positive role in oil accumulation. Our studies facilitate understanding of the function of LPAAT gene family in Gossypium and selecting better LPAAT genes for further functional validation.

[Development and appraisement of functional molecular marker: intron sequence amplified polymorphism (ISAP)].

Molecular markers are playing an increasingly important role in map construction, QTL analysis, gene mapping and marker-assisted selection. Researchers hope the target gene and locus are as close as possible, one locus can present one gene, or linked with some important trait, then, individuals with useful trait can be selected through molecular markers selecting, and it's the functional molecular marker. PCR-based molecular markers such as RAPD, SSR, AFLP amplified non-coding regions, or the whole genome randomly, the locus is far away from the gene of targeted trait, this limit the ap-plication of these molecular markers. This study established a kind of functional molecular markers based on intron of gene sequence, trying to link loci with gene sequence to achieve the purpose of its function. It used the conservative consistent sequence of intron splicing sites as its core sequence of amplification. ISAP is a PCR-based marker system, it has two kinds of primers: forward primer and reverse primer, both primers are 18 bases. Any of the primers can be used to construct a primer combination with the other kind of primers. Seventeen primers, 9 forward and 8 reverse, were used to construct 72 primer combinations, 67 of them showed polymorphism in a G. hirsutum cv. CCRI36 x G. barbadense cv. H7124 F2 population and a total of 212 loci were obtained. Together with 164 SRAP loci, these 212 loci were used to construct a genetic linkage map. ISAP markers distributed evenly in the entire linkage group, part of the region had a high saturation, might be the coding sequence-rich region. Sequencing results of 20 fragments showed that 85% of the sequences announced homology with published EST sequence stored in the NCBI which indicated that they were amplified adjacent to expressed sequences. These results showed that ISAP marker system was simple, efficient, reliable, and had a relatively high polymorphism, furthermore, it directly targeted gene sequence, was a functional molecular marker system. ISAP was also used to amplify other plants and good results were achieved.