Intravenous Administration of Hypertonic Glucose Solution to Prevent Dizziness in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dizziness is a common complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy under general anesthesia. Dizziness is primarily caused by a lack of energy and blood volume following fasting and water deprivation. Hypertonic glucose solution (HGS) is an intravenous energy replenishment, that increases blood volume due to its hyperosmotic characteristics and can be directly absorbed from blood circulation. This study aimed to HGS can prevent dizziness after gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Eligible patients were randomly allocated into two groups based on the intravenous agent administered before gastrointestinal endoscopy: Group A, saline (0.9%; 20 mL); and group B, HGS (50%; 20 mL). Overall, 840 patients were included in the statistical analysis. The scores and incidence of dizziness were assessed. RESULTS: The dizziness score were higher in group A than in group B (1.92 ± 0.08 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06; p < 0.01). The incidence of mild dizziness and moderate-to-severe dizziness was significantly lower in group B than in group A (40.10% vs. 51.78% and 3.10% vs. 19.72%, respectively; p < 0.01). The incidence and score of dizziness were significantly lower in males than in females (30.81% vs. 51.82% and 0.64 ± 0.08 vs. 1.12 ± 0.08, respectively; p < 0.01) after pretreatment with HGS. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with HGS effectively prevents dizziness after gastrointestinal endoscopy under general anesthesia. The mechanism of action is unclear but might be related to body energy replacement and an increase in blood volume following HGS administration.

Adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic studies of phosphate onto tantalum hydroxide.

Tantalum hydroxide exhibits the ability for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solution. The kinetic study, adsorption isotherm, thermodynamic study, desorption, and foreign anions effect were examined in batch experiments. The kinetic process was very well described by a pseudo-second-order rate model. The adsorption isotherms showed that phosphate uptake fitted with a Langmuir-type model very well, with an increase of PO4(3-) adsorption capacity from 78.5 to 97.0 mg/g when the temperature increased from 298 to 338 K. The negative values of deltaG(0) and the positive values of deltaH(0) indicated that the phosphate adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic naturally. While the deltaS(0) values obtained were positive, indicating an increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. Foreign anions tests showed that the presence of competitive ions cause minimal interference with the adsorption of phosphate on tantalum hydroxide.

[Study on the nonlinear Raman lidar monitoring the CO2 gas].

It is a new skill to use SRS rays as emitting waves for the lidar monitoring CO2 gas, and the nonlinear Raman lidar based on the SRS process was devised. The third harmonic Nd: YAG laser wave (354.7 nm) was injected into the Raman cells filled with higher pressure gases, CO2 and N2. The first Stokes (S1) line 371.66 nm (CO2) and 386.7 nm (N2) were generated by stimulated Raman scattering. The variable S1 energy was measured by changing the gas pressure in the Raman cell andthe Nd:YAG laser system output energy. The optimum pressures of the CO2 and N2 in the Raman cell were achieved. Moreover, the principles of this physical process were put forward. This skill has been applied to the lidar for monitoring the CO2 gas.