Improved Short-Circuit Current and Fill Factor in PM6:Y6 Organic Solar Cells through D18-Cl Doping.

Based on the PM6:Y6 binary system, a novel non-fullerene acceptor material, D18-Cl, was doped into the PM6:Y6 blend to fabricate the active layer. The effects of different doping ratios of D18-Cl on organic solar cells were investigated. The best-performing organic solar cell was achieved when the doping ratio of D18-Cl reached 20 wt%. It exhibited a short-circuit current of 28.13 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 70.25%, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.81 V, and a power conversion efficiency of 16.08%. The introduction of an appropriate amount of D18-Cl expanded the absorption spectrum of the active layer, improved the morphology of the active layer, reduced large molecular aggregation and defects, minimized bimolecular recombination, and optimized the collection efficiency of charge carriers. These results indicate the critical importance of selecting an appropriate third component in binary systems and optimizing the doping ratio to enhance the performance of ternary organic solar cells.

Analysis of critical peak electricity price optimization model considering coal consumption rate of power generation side.

As a flexible electricity pricing mechanism, critical peak pricing (CPP) is one of the important means of demand response under the electricity market. The existing CPP research does not take into account the carbon emission problem of units and weakens the difference between the use of terminal loads on critical peak days and non-critical peak days in the establishment of electricity price model, so this paper studies the feedback mechanism of CPP on coal consumption of power generation side units and proposes a dynamic CPP mechanism that takes into account terminal consumption satisfaction and coal consumption of power generation side units. Firstly, the influence mechanism of CPP on the power generation side is studied. Secondly, the consumer psychology theory is used to construct a user demand response model under critical peak days and non-critical peak days. Then, based on the difference in load usage of end users on critical peak days and non-critical peak days, a multi-objective CPP optimization model that considers the benefits of coal consumption and end user electricity expenditure on the power generation side is constructed. Finally, three scenarios were established to analyze the sensitivity of the user demand response model parameters, terminal satisfaction constraints, prices, and rate restrictions on CPP pricing, load improvement, and unit coal consumption reduction and verify the model's effectiveness. The results show that the proposed CPP optimization model has a significant effect on load improvement and carbon emission reduction; the user response gradient, terminal satisfaction, prices, and rate restrictions have a greater influence on the model optimization results, while the threshold and saturation values have little influence on the model optimization results.

Double-layer optimization model for integrated energy system under multiple robustness.

Output instability is one of the important constraints limiting the large-scale application of renewable energy. The development of comprehensive energy systems can effectively improve energy utilization efficiency, but there is still a problem of randomness in renewable energy output. The paper conducts research on the uncertainty of distributed energy output and load, constructs a comprehensive energy system optimization model that takes into account the robustness of bilevel programming, and solves the model using the firefly algorithm. The calculation results show that optimizing uncertainty can significantly reduce the actual operating costs of the system, with a maximum reduction of 14.43%. When the distributed wind power interval is within [0190], a dynamic balance between cost and consumption rate can be achieved.

A DSSC Electrolyte Preparation Method Considering Light Path and Light Absorption.

The electrolyte is one of the key components of dye-sensitized solar cells' (DSSC) structure. In this paper, the electrolyte formulation of a new DSSC with external photoanode structure was studied. Based on the idea that the electrolyte should match the light absorption and light path, iodine series electrolytes with different concentrations were configured and used in the experiment. The results showed that the external photoanode structure solar cells assembled with titanium electrode had the best photoelectric conversion ability when the concentration of I2 was 0.048 M. It achieved the open circuit voltage of 0.71 V, the short circuit current of 8.87 mA, and the filling factor of 57%.

A Novel Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Structure Based on Metal Photoanode without FTO/ITO.

Traditional dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) use FTO/ITO containing expensive rare elements as electrodes, which are difficult to meet the requirements of flexibility. A new type of flexible DSSC structure with all-metal electrodes without rare elements is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a light-receiving layer was prepared outside the metal photoanode with small holes to realize the continuous oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrolyte; Secondly, the processing technology of the porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) film was analyzed. By testing the J-V characteristics, it was found that the performance is better when the heating rate is slow. Finally, the effects of different electrode material combinations were compared through experiments. Our results imply that in the case of all stainless-steel electrodes, the open-circuit voltage can reach 0.73 V, and in the case of a titanium photoanode, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 3.86%.