Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three New Species of Entomopathogenic Fungi Belonging to Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycota).

This study aims to report three new species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Species of Conoideocrella and Moelleriella parasitize scale insects (Coccidae and Lecaniidae, Hemiptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Hemiptera). Based on the phylogenetic analyses of the three-gene nrLSU, tef-1α, and rpb1, it showed one new record species (Conoideocrella tenuis) and one new species (Conoideocrella fenshuilingensis sp. nov.) in the genus Conoideocrella, and two new species, i.e., Moelleriella longzhuensis sp. nov. and Moelleriella jinuoana sp. nov. in the genus Moelleriella. The three new species were each clustered into separate clades that distinguished themselves from one another. All of them were distinguishable from their allied species based on their morphology. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons of the allied taxa of the four species are provided in the present paper. In addition, calculations of intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were performed for Moelleriella and Conoideocrella.

Synotisjinpingensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species with white ray florets from southeastern Yunnan, China.

Synotisjinpingensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Jinping county in southeastern Yunnan province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is distinguished by having white ray florets in the genus Synotis, in which only species with yellow ray florets have been hitherto known. In habit and leaf shape S.jinpingensis is most closely similar to S.duclouxii, a species occurring in southwestern Guizhou, southern Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan, China, but differs, in addition to the color of ray florets, by having fewer lateral veins of leaves, obviously longer bracts of calyculus, and larger phyllaries. The membership of the new species within Synotis is strongly corroborated by evidence from floral micromorphology and phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data. Color photographs of living plants, a distribution map, and provisional IUCN status of S.jinpingensis are provided.

[Progress on measurement of tibial posterior slope and its biomechanical relationship with posterior cruciate ligament].

The most reliable and convenient measurement method of tibial posterior slope(TPS) and its biomechanical relationship with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are still controversial. For X-ray measurement, it is recommended to use full-length lateral X-ray of the lower extremity in quatrous section, which has advantage of highly repeatable and common in the daily diagnosis and treatment process, but it is only applicable to patients with tibial rotation within 15°. When the rotation exceeds 30°, it is difficult to identify the inner contour of platform and is no applicable. If it is only used for daily diagnosis and treatment evaluation, when tibial rotation angle is less than 15°, lateral knee X-ray also has a certain reference significance, but the accuracy could not meet requirements of higher clinical research. For CT measurement method, it could correct tibial rotation, but using the fitting point to measure tibial posterior slope on three-dimensional CT reconstruction is only applicable to knee joint without degeneration, more osteophyte affects the way of using fitting point to determine the plane of tibia with real tibia platform conformity degree, have some limitations. For measurement of MRI, it could not only correct tibial rotation, but also minimize the effect of osteophytes by using tibial anatomical axis as the reference axis, which is a good measurement method. For the biomechanical relationship between tibial posterior slope and tibial posterior slope, increased tibial posterior slope indirectly alleviates tension of PCL through tibial anterior displacement or directly reduces load on posterior cruciate ligament in tibial osteotomies, suggesting a protective mechanism for tibial posterior slope;in total knee arthroplasty with cruciate ligament preserved, the size of tibial posterior slope will affect roll back mechanism of femur. When affected knee with PCL injury, it should be avoid to release then aggravate injury, and the stress could be alleviated by increasing tibial posterior slope appropriately. There has been no unified conclusion on the range of tibial posterior slope that is most beneficial to PCL. The natural tibial posterior slope is between 7 ° and 10°, which is considered to be the most beneficial to protection of PCL, but further studies are needed according to the differences in patients' bone status, surgical methods and so on.

Contralateral Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis of Breast Cancer: Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review.

Background: Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis (CAM) is classified as distant metastasis in guidelines, but the prognosis is better than that of stage IV patients. It is controversial to classify CAM as a distant metastasis or a regional metastasis, and the optimal treatment strategy for CAM is unknown. Patients and Methods: Breast cancer patients who were confirmed by pathology and treated at Shandong Cancer Hospital between January 2012 and July 2021 were included in our study. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients for their clinical features, pathological diagnosis, treatment strategy, and follow-up data. Survival analysis was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and patient matching was performed by case-control matching. Results: A total of 60 patients were included, and there were 49 metachronous CAM cases and 11 synchronous CAM cases. The prognosis of isolated CAM patients was better than that of patients with other distant metastases in terms of CAM-OS and PFS with significant differences (median CAM-OS 71.0 vs. 30.0 months, P=0.022; median PFS 42.0 vs. 11.0 months, P=0.009) and OS without significant differences (median OS 126.0 vs. 79.0 months, P=0.111). The five-year survival rate of isolated CAM patients was 67.4%, and the five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 52.9%. The prognosis of CAM patients was similar to that of N3M0 patients in terms of OS (mean OS 82.4 vs. 65.6 months, P=0.537) and DFS (mean PFS 54.5 vs. 52.6 months, P=0.888). Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or low-middle level ALND significantly improved the OS (mean OS 237.4 vs. 111.0 months, P=0.011), CAM-OS (mean CAM-OS 105.2 vs. 46.6 months, P = 0.002), and PFS (mean PFS 92.3 vs. 26.9 months, P = 0.001) of isolated CAM patients. Axillary radiotherapy improved PFS, CAM-OS, and OS but without significant differences (mean PFS 80.0 vs. 46.6 months, P = 0.345; mean CAM-OS 86.8 vs. 72.1 months, P = 0.338; mean OS 147.6 vs. 133.0 months, P = 0.426). Conclusion: CAM should be diagnosed as local recurrence and treated with aggressive and curative rather than palliative strategies. Contralateral axillary surgery and radiotherapy are recommended for isolated CAM patients.

Pb2+-Containing Metal-Organic Rotaxane Frameworks (MORFs).

The metal-organic rotaxane framework (MORF) structures with the advantage of mechanically interlocking molecules (MIMs) have attracted intense interest from the chemical community. In this study, a set of MORFs (i.e., MORF-Pb-1 and MORF-Pb-2) are constructed using Pb2+, a tetraimidazolium macrocycle (Texas-sized molecular box; 14+), and aromatic dicarboxylate (p-phthalate dianions (PTADAs; 2) or 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate dianions (3)) via a one-pot three-layer diffusion protocol. In particular, an unusual Pb…Pb weak interaction was shown in MORF-Pb-1 (charactered with distance of 3.656 Å).

Rare isolated extra-hepatic bile duct injury: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Extra-hepatic bile duct injury (EHBDI) is very rare among all blunt abdominal injuries. According to literature statistics, it only accounts for 3%-5% of abdominal injuries, most of which are combined injuries. Isolated EHBDI is more rare, with a special injury mechanism, clinical presentation and treatment strategy, so missed diagnosis easily occurs. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of unexplained abdominal effusion and jaundice following blunt abdominal trauma in our department. Of which, surgical exploration of the case was performed and a large amount of bile leakage in the abdominal cavity was found. No obvious abdominal organ damage or bile duct rupture was found. Surgery was terminated after the common bile duct indwelled with a T tube. After 2 wk, a T-tube angiography revealed the lesion in the common bile duct pancreatic segment, confirming isolated EHBDI. And 2 mo later, the T tube was pulled out with re-examined magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, indicating narrowing of the common bile duct injury, with no special treatment due to no clinical symptoms and no abnormality in the current follow-up. CONCLUSION: This case was featured by intraoperative bile leakage and no EHBDI. This type of rare isolated EHBDI is prone to missed and delayed diagnosis due to its atypical clinical manifestations and imaging features. Surgery is still the main treatment, and the indications and principles of bile duct injury repair must be followed.

Structurally diverse limonoids and bio-active evaluation from Trichilia connaroides.

Four new limonoids, named as trichiconlide G (1), 2-hydroxyltrijugin F (2), 23-oxo-21-hydroxyltrijugin F (3), 21-oxo-23-hydroxyltrijugin F (4), along with sixteen known analogues (5-20) were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia connaroides. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction analysis, and TD-DFT-ECD calculations. Trichiconlide G (1) is one rare naturally occurring 1,2-seco phragmalin-type limonoid bearing a C-7/28 δ-lactone ring. Additionally, 2-hydroxyltrijugin F (2), 23-oxo-21-hydroxyltrijugin F (3), and 21-oxo-23-hydroxyltrijugin F (4) are three naturally occurring limonoids with a rare C-16/8 δ-lactone ring. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. None of compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines A-549, HepG2, 5-8F, Siha, and SCC-4 at the concentration of 40 µM. Compounds 16 and 17 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 28.45 ± 2.51 and 22.66 ± 2.01 µM, respectively.

Identifying the Key Genes in Mouse Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy by Bioinformatics Analysis and in vitro/vivo Experiments.

BACKGROUND: The liver is the only organ that can completely regenerate after various injuries or tissue loss. There are still a large number of gene functions in liver regeneration that have not been explored. This study aimed to identify key genes in the early stage of liver regeneration in mice after partial hepatectomy (PH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We first analyzed the expression profiles of genes in mouse liver at 48 and 72 h after PH from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed to identify key genes in liver regeneration. Finally, we validated key genes in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: We identified 46 upregulated genes and 19 downregulated genes at 48 h after PH, and 223 upregulated genes and 40 downregulated genes at 72 h after PH, respectively. These genes were mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and p53 signaling pathway. Among of these genes, cycle-related genes (Ccna2, Cdkn1a, Chek1, and Mcm5) and Ube2c were highly expressed in the residual liver both at 48 and 72 h after PH. Furthermore, Ube2c knockdown not only caused abnormal expression of Ccna2, Cdkn1a, Chek1, and Mcm5, but also inhibited transition of hepatocytes from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle in vitro. CONCLUSION: Mouse hepatocytes enter the proliferation phase at 48 h after PH. Ube2c may mediate cell proliferation by regulating or partially regulating Ccna2, Cdkn1a, Chek1, and Mcm5.

Impatiens wutaishanensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Southeast Yunnan, China.

Impatiens wutaishanensis R.L. Liao & Lei Cai, a new species from Southeast Yunnan, China, is here described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to Impatiens parvisepala S.X. Yu & Y.T. Hou in its racemose inflorescences, its four lateral sepals, the leaf arrangement, and in having yellow flowers. However, it differs in the height of the plants, the length of the petiole, the size and shape of the leaf blade, the shape of the spur, and the number of flowers in each inflorescence. A detailed description, color photographs, and a provisional IUCN red list assessment are provided, and its geographical distribution, ecology, and morphological relationship with relevant similar species are discussed.

3D digital image microscope system-assisted vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy in rats.

Optimal vision and ergonomics are essential factors contributing to the achievement of good results during microsurgery. The three-dimensional (3D) digital image microscope system with a better 3D depth of field can release strain on the surgeon's neck and back, which can improve outcomes in microsurgery. We report a randomized prospective study of vasoepididymostomy and vasovasostomy using a 3D digital image microscope system (3D-DIM) in rats. A total of 16 adult male rats were randomly divided into two groups of 8 each: the standard operating microscope (SOM) group and the 3D-DIM group. The outcomes measured included the operative time, real-time postoperative mechanical patency, and anastomosis leakage. Furthermore, a user-friendly microscope score was designed to evaluate the ergonomic design and equipment characteristics of the microscope. There were no differences in operative time between the two groups. The real-time postoperative mechanical patency rates were 100.0% for both groups. The percentage of vasoepididymostomy anastomosis leakage was 16.7% in the SOM group and 25.0% in the 3D-DIM group; however, no vasovasostomy anastomosis leakage was found in either group. In terms of the ergonomic design, the 3D-DIM group obtained better scores based on the surgeon's feelings; in terms of the equipment characteristics, the 3D-DIM group had lower scores for clarity and higher scores for flexibility and adaptivity. Based on our randomized prospective study in a rat model, we believe that the 3D-DIM can improve surgeon comfort without compromising outcomes in male infertility reconstructive microsurgery, so the 3D-DIM might be widely used in the future.

The association of the heterogeneity of HBV reverse transcriptase quasispecies with antiviral efficacy after treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues for 10 years.

To assess the heterogeneity of HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) quasispecies during 10 years of antiviral therapy and their association with antiviral efficacy. Nineteen patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) were enrolled. Based on the antiviral efficacy after 1 year of treatment, 5 patients were grouped into an early virologic response (EVR) group, while 8 patients were grouped into a late virologic response (LVR) group. Furthermore, 6 CHB patients that had undergone antiviral treatment for 10 years were grouped into a virologic breakthrough (VBT) group. The HBV RT from each patient were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The complexity of the RT gene in the EVR group was significantly higher than that in the LVR (P = 0.0393) and VBT groups (P = 0.0141). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the average branch length of the EVR and LVR groups were significantly greater than that of VBT group (P < 0.001). The complexity (at the nucleotide level) of the RT quasispecies was negatively correlated with the corresponding HBV DNA load (P = 0.0163) at one year post-antiviral treatment. Moreover, both the LVR and VBT groups accumulated more deleterious mutations than the EVR group. After 1 year of NAs treatment, the increased HBV quasispecies complexity and evolutionary topologies, coupled with less deleterious mutations, are likely associated with a favorable efficacy during long-term antiviral treatment.

Structurally diverse steroids with nitric oxide inhibitory activities from Aglaia lawii leaves.

Eleven previously uncharacterized steroids, along with three analogs were isolated from Aglaia lawii leaves. Their structures were definitely characterized by the methods of NMR, MS, IR, ECD and X-ray crystallography study. Among these unreported compounds, 3-epi-dyscusin C, 3-epi-lansisterone E and (Z)-2α-hydroxyaglawone were C-21 pregnane steroids incorporating a highly oxygenated ring A, while others were Δ5-3ß-hydroxy-7-ketosteroids bearing different ring D and C-17 aliphatic chains. All isolates were evaluated for nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities. 3-Epi-dyscusin C, 3-epi-lansisterone E, (Z)-2α-hydroxyaglawone and 17(20)E-dyscusin B showed significant anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values of NO inhibition less than 10 µM (in the range from 4.47 ± 0.36 to 7.67 ± 0.46 µM).

A DNA small molecular probe with increasing K+ concentration promoted selectivity.

DNA small molecular probe study was considered as a promising approach to achieve DNA related disease diagnosis. Most related reports were performed under specific salinity. Herein, 4-imino-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-quinolizine-1-carbonitrile (IPQC) was generated via a facile procedure with high yield (85%). It is found that IPQC could act as a universal probe for most tested ssDNA, dsDNA and G4 DNA in low [K+] concentration (less than 20 mM). However, IPQC showed highly selective G4 DNA binding via UV-vis and fluorescence response in increasing [K+] (e.g., 150 mM) conditions. The ion atmosphere effects are instructive for DNA probe exploration. This provides guidance for the design, selection and optimization of the probes for target DNA sensing.

Deinostigma fasciculatum, a new species of Gesneriaceae in Yunnan, China.

A new species of Deinostigma (Gesneriaceae) from Yunnan, China, Deinostigma fasciculatum W.H.Chen & Y.M.Shui, sp. nov., has been discovered and described. In the genus, the new species is similar to D. cicatricosum (W.T. Wang) D.J. Middleton & Mich. Möller and D. cyrtocarpum (D. Fang & L. Zeng) Mich. Möller & H.J. Atkins in dark purple flowers and falcate fruit, but differs from them mainly in the inflorescences with fasciculate flowers, calyx lobes (reflexed, narrowly lanceolate and 1.2-1.3 cm long), corolla tubes (sharply contracted below middle and white outside and below throat). The above three species grow nearby non-limestone wet cliffs and geographically isolated with different distributions (the new species in Southeast Yunnan, D. cicatricosum in Eastern Guangxi and D. cyrtocarpum in Southern Guangxi and Guangdong, China).

A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China.

Fordiophytonjinpingense (Melastomataceae; Sonerileae), a species occurring in south-eastern Yunnan, China, is described as new, based on morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses, based on nrITS sequence data, showed that, except F.breviscapum, all species sampled in Fordiophyton formed a strongly supported clade in which two geographical lineages were recovered. The generic placement of F.jinpingense is well supported by phylogenetic analyses and a character combination of 4-merous flowers, distinctly dimorphic stamens and the connectives basally not calcarate. Molecular divergence and morphological evidence indicate that F.jinpingense is well separated from other members of the genus, thus justifying its recognition as a distinct species. Fordiophytonjinpingense is phylogenetically closest to F.repens, but differs markedly from the latter in stem morphology (short, obtusely 4-sided vs. long, 4-angular), habit (erect vs. creeping), leaf size (6-16.5 × 4.5-13 cm vs. 4-7.5 × 4-6.5 cm) and flower number per inflorescence (5-13 vs. 3-6).

Parotid gland metastasis from carcinoma of the breast detected by PET/CT: Case report and review.

RATIONALE: The parotid gland is an unusual site for metastatic disease from breast cancer, and it usually has a poor prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 36-year-old woman presented to our department with a swelling in her left parotid gland. The patient did not receive any other treatment after breast conserving surgery. DIAGNOSES: Multifocal metastases in the bones, lymph nodes, left parotid and contralateral mammary gland were proved by PET/CT. INTERVENTIONS: Eight cycles of first-line rescue chemotherapy, combining with zoledronic acid in treatment of bone metastasis, followed by the combination of endocrine therapy and ovarian function suppression after chemotherapy. OUTCOMES: The patient obtained clinical complete response in the metastasis tumor of parotid gland, lymph nodes, and bones. LESSONS: It is necessary for patient to receive comprehensive treatment after receiving surgery. Through this case, we present the appropriate management of advanced breast cancer accompanying with the parotid gland metastasis. PET/CT is a useful method to diagnose and evaluate the metastasis lesions.

Prognostic significance of lymphatic vessel invasion diagnosed by D2-40 in Chinese invasive breast cancers.

Lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) is promising in determining prognosis and treatment strategies, but the application of LVI as a histopathological criterion in breast cancer patients especially those of different subgroups is controversial. This research aims to evaluate the prognostic value of LVI assessed by D2-40 not only in patients with early invasive breast cancer but also in lymph node-negative, lymph node-positive, luminal A-like, luminal B-like, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative subgroups.The study cohort included 255 patients with a median follow-up of 101 months. Immunohistochemical staining for D2-40 was performed to identify LVI.LVI was present in 64 (25.1%), 15 (12.1%), 49 (37.4%), 19 (20.9%), 23 (27.7%), 13 (31.7%), and 9 (22.5%), respectively, in the whole cohort, lymph node-negative, lymph node-positive, luminal A-like, luminal B-like, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative patients. LVI was associated with large tumor size (P = .04), high histological grade (P = .004), involved lymph node (P < .001), and high expression of Ki-67 (P = .003). No significant difference was found among patients with different subtypes and LVI status. The presence of LVI was significantly associated with adverse disease-free survival in the whole cohort (P < .001), lymph node-negative (P < .001), lymph node-positive (P < .001), luminal A-like (P < .001), and luminal B-like patients (P < .001) in both of the univariate and multivariate survival analysis.This study indicated that the presence of LVI stained by D2-40 provided independent prognostic information not only in the whole cohort but also in the subgroup of patients with lymph node-negative, lymph node-positive, luminal A-like, and luminal B-like diseases, which may make a case for routine clinical assessment of LVI using D2-40.

Primary or metastatic hepatic carcinoma? A breast cancer patient after adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy postoperatively with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: The liver is a common site of metastases, followed by the bone and lung in breast cancer. The symptoms of hepatic metastases are similar to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). ICC is rare, with an overall incidence rate of 0.95 cases per 100,000 adults. The incidence of ICC for patients with breast cancer is very uncommon. Breast cancer patient with ICC is easily misdiagnosed as hepatic metastases. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a breast cancer patient postoperatively who was hospitalized because of having continuous irregular fever for 1 month. Antibiotics were given for 1 week without any significant effect. Her admission bloods revealed elevated levels of carcino-embryonic antigen. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis showed multiple liver metastases. We believed that the woman had hepatic metastases until biopsy guided by computed tomography. The liver biopsy pathology analysis considered the possibility of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer patient with space-occupying lesions in the liver is easily considered to be progressed hepatic metastases. Image-guided biopsy is the best diagnostic method for breast cancer with liver mass to avoid misdiagnosis and classify the molecular subtypes to make appropriate treatment.

Hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic heterotopic pancreas: a case report and literature review.

Intrahepatic heterotopic pancreas is rarely reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a 39-year-old male with intrahepatic heterotopic pancreas associated with primary cholesterol hepatolithiasis. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed multiple cholesterol stones in intrahepatic bile ducts of the left lobe concomitant with intrahepatic cholangiectases. These observations were confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopaneretography (MRCP). The patient underwent transabdominal left hepatic lobectomy. Postoperative histological examination of the resected specimen showed pancreatic tissues distributed along the wall of the bile duct and composed of acinar cells and duct elements without islets of Langerhans, therefore strongly suggesting that the heterotopic pancreas occurred in response to chronic injury due to the primary cholesterol hepatolithiasis and was derived from the biliary epithelial cells. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1461819267158980 .

[Residual levels of acetochlor in source water and drinking water of China's major cities].

The concentration levels of acetochlor were investigated in source water and drinking water from 36 major cities in China by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetochlor detection rate was 66.9% in all the 145 source water samples collected with an average concentration of 33.9 ng L-1. The average removal rate of acetochlor was limited through the drinking water treatment process. The detection concentration of the northeast region was the highest. The concentrations of acetochlor detected in lake were higher than those in river and groundwater as source water. The detection rate and concentration of Liaohe river watershed and the coastal watershed were the highest.