Corrigendum: Impact of Serum Uric Acid Lowering and Contemporary Uric Acid-Lowering Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.641062.].

Impact of Serum Uric Acid Lowering and Contemporary Uric Acid-Lowering Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between uric acid (UA) lowering and cardiovascular risk reduction among UA-lowering therapies in adults. Methods: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted according to the protocol pre-registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020199259). We search for RCTs in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to July 1, 2020. A meta-analysis was performed using a fixed- or random-effects model. Results: In total, 30 studies involving 18,585 hyperuricaemic patients were included. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) therapy produced a 6.0% reduction in relative risk (RR) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The use of febuxostat was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events (CVEs) (RR: 1.09, 95% CI 0.998-1.19, I 2 = 0.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Allopurinol treatment was associated with a lower CVE risk (RR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80, I 2 = 21.0%). Among the UA-lowering therapies, the drug treatments were associated with all-cause mortality (RR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.41, I 2 = 0.0%). The subgroup with a UA endpoint <7 mg/dl was not associated with a higher CVE risk (RR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.92, I 2 = 0.0%), and in the subgroup with a UA endpoint <5 mg/dl group, a lower risk of CVEs was not observed (RR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.69-1.44, I 2 = 0.0%). Conclusions: UA reduction caused by XOIs reduced the incidence of MACEs. UA-lowering medicines were associated with changes in all-cause mortality but not cardiovascular outcomes. The lower UA endpoint was not associated with reduced cardiovascular risk.

Dietary and physical activity of adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province of eastern China: Data from a cross-sectional study.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle management helps improve the clinical outcome of patients with type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to obtain lifestyle data on the dietary and physical activity of adult type 2 diabetes patients in Zhejiang province of eastern China for better patient education and improvement of clinical management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 607 adult type 2 diabetes patients was carried out in 12 hospitals within eight cities of Zhejiang province. Data were collected for sex, age, basic physical measurement (blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference), dietary favor and habit (vegetarian diets vs meat diets, preference of salty or light flavors), detailed dietary intake (24-h recall method), as well as the weekly physical activity. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients in the analysis was 56.39 ± 12.29 years, and 38.71% of the patients had higher levels of body mass index than recommended. The average daily total energy intake was 1887.71 ± 575.10 kcal. The percentage of calories from carbohydrate, protein and fat were 61.36 ± 11.59%, 13.29 ± 3.37% and 25.35 ± 11.16%, respectively. For physical activity, the patients generally spent most of their daily time sitting and sleeping, and the time for moderate vigorous activity was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province have a relatively high carbohydrate and low protein diet, with very limited physical activity. Patient education to achieve a better lifestyle intervention needs to improve in this region.

[Correlation between the amplitude of glucose excursion and plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha level in subjects with different types of glucose regulation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of glucose excursion on oxidative stress that is expressed by plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso) level. METHODS: Continuous glucose monitor system (CGMS) was used to calculate the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), mean blood glucose (MBG) and its standard deviation (SDBG), mean 1 h preprandial glucose value (1 h-prePG) and 3 h post-prandial glucose value (3 h PPG) over 24 h period, area under the ROC curve when the blood glucose within 24 h > 5.6 mmol/L (AUC 5.6), mean of daily differences (MODD), and mean postprandial glucose excursion (MPPGE) on 33 individuals with normal glucose regulation (NGR), 25 subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), and 25 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for 3 days. Plasma 8-iso level was determined by EIA. RESULTS: The plasma 8-iso level of the T2DM patients was 230 ng/L, significantly higher than that of the subjects with IGR (199 ng/L, P < 0.05) and that of the NGR subjects (156 ng/L, P < 0.01). Patients with T2DM also had higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), MBG, SDBG, 1 h pre-PG and 3 h PPG, MAGE, and MODD than those of the NGR and IGR subjects (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The plasma 8-iso level and parameters of glucose excursion of the IGR subjects were all significantly higher than those of the NGR individuals (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Plasma 8-iso level was positively correlated with MAGE, MBG, SDBG, 1 h pre-PG, 3 h PPG, MODD, and HbA1c in all groups. Further analysis showed that the relationship between plasma 8-iso level and MAGE remained significant after adjustment for the other parameters of glucose excursion in multiple linear regression analysis (multiple R(2) = 0.55 for the model including MAGE). Standardized regression coefficients were 0.694 (P = 0.000) for MAGE. CONCLUSION: Glucose excursion exhibits a stronger triggering effect on oxidative stress than chronic sustained hyperglycemia in the subjects with IGR and T2DM.