Swimming exercise reverses transcriptomic changes in aging mouse lens.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of physical activity for the overall well-being of elderly individuals are well-established, the precise mechanisms through which exercise improves pathological changes in the aging lens have yet to be fully understood. METHODS: 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice comprised young sedentary (YS) group, while aging mice (18-month-old) were divided into aging sedentary (AS) group and aging exercising (AE) group. Mice in AE groups underwent sequential stages of swimming exercise. H&E staining was employed to observe alterations in lens morphology. RNA-seq analysis was utilized to examine transcriptomic changes. Furthermore, qPCR and immunohistochemistry were employed for validation of the results. RESULTS: AE group showed alleviation of histopathological aging changes in AS group. By GSEA analysis of the transcriptomic changes, swimming exercise significantly downregulated approximately half of the pathways that underwent alterations upon aging, where notable improvements were 'calcium signaling pathway', 'neuroactive ligand receptor interaction' and 'cell adhesion molecules'. Furthermore, we revealed a total of 92 differentially expressed genes between the YS and AS groups, of which 10 genes were observed to be mitigated by swimming exercise. The result of qPCR was in consistent with the transcriptome data. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis on Ciart, which was of particular interest due to its dual association as a common aging gene and its significant responsiveness to exercise. The Protein-protein Interaction network of Ciart showed the involvement of the regulation of Rorb and Sptbn5 during the process. CONCLUSION: The known benefits of exercise could extend to the aging lens and support further investigation into the specific roles of Ciart-related pathways in aging lens.

Integrative Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Elucidate the Mechanism of Lens-Induced Myopia in Mice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of lens-induced myopia (LIM) through transcriptome and proteome analyses with a modified mouse myopia model. Methods: Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were treated with a homemade newly designed -25 diopter (D) lens mounting by a 3D printing pen before right eyes for 4 weeks. Refraction (RE) and axial dimensions were measured every 2 weeks. Retinas were analyzed by RNA-sequencing and data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation, and STRING databases were used to identify significantly affected pathways in transcriptomic and proteomic data sets. Western blot was used to detect the expression of specific proteins. Results: The modified model was accessible and efficient. Mice displayed a significant myopic shift (approximately 8 D) following 4 weeks' of lens treatment. Through transcriptomics and proteomics analysis, we elucidated 175 differently expressed genes (DEGs) and 646 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between binoculus. The transcriptomic and proteomic data showed a low correlation. Going over the mRNA protein matches, insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (Igf2bp1) was found to be a convincing biomarker of LIM, which was confirmed by Western blot. RNA-seq and proteome profiling confirmed that these two "omics" data sets complemented one another in KEGG pathways annovation. Among these, metabolic and human diseases pathways were considered to be correlated with the LIM forming process. Conclusions: The newly constructed LIM model provides a useful tool for future myopia research. Combining transcriptomic and proteomic analysis may potentially brighten the prospects of novel therapeutic targets for patients with myopia.

Multiprocessing Quantum Computing through Hyperfine Couplings in Endohedral Fullerene Derivatives.

Magnetic molecules have shown great potential in quantum information processing due to the chemical tunablity of their quantum behaviors. Chemical derivatives of endohedral nitrogen fullerenes with long coherence time and rich energy levels were synthesized and studied to demonstrate the ability of multiprocessing in quantum information using electron magnetic resonance. After initialization of the 12-levelled spin system, subgroups of spin energy levels coursed by the hyperfine couplings can be selectively manipulated. The cooperatively combining of the parallel calculations enabled quantum error correction, increasing the correct rate by up to 17.82 %. Also, different subgroups of transitions divided by hyperfine coupling can be treated as independent qubits, and multi-task quantum computing were realized by performing Z-gate and X-gate simultaneously, which accelerates the overall gating speed.

[Effects of probenecid on the migration and proliferation ability of platelet derived growth factor-BB induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether probenecid (PROB) could improve the proliferation and migration ability of rats' pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). METHODS: Primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of SD rats were cultured in vitro, and were randomly divided into control group (CON group), PDGF-BB group (10 ng/ml PDGF-BB treatment for 24 h) and PDGF-BB+PROB group (10 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 200 µmol/L PROB treatment for 24 h, PROB is a specific blocker of pannexin-1). CCK-8 method was used to select the suitable intervention concentrations of PROB and PDGF-BB, and to detect the proliferation of PASMCs in each group. The migration ability of PASMCs was detected by TranswellTM assay and cell scratch test. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expressions and distribution of osteopontin (OPN) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in PASMCs. RESULTS: Compared with CON group, the migration and proliferation ability of PASMCs in PDGF-BB group were enhanced (P＜0.05). After treated with PROB, the migration and proliferation ability of PASMCs in PDGF-BB+PROB group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with CON group, the expression and protein levels of OPN and PCNA in PDGF-BB group were increased significantly (P＜0.05), while the expression and protein levels of OPN and PCNA in PDGF-BB+PROB were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Probenecid inhibits the migration and proliferation of PDGF-BB-induced PASMCs by blocking Pannexin-1.

Implementation of Quantum Level Addressability and Geometric Phase Manipulation in Aligned Endohedral Fullerene Qudits.

Endohedral nitrogen fullerenes have been proposed as building blocks for quantum information processing due to their long spin coherence time. However, addressability of the individual electron spin levels in such a multiplet system of 4 S3/2 has never been achieved because of the molecular isotropy and transition degeneracy among the Zeeman levels. Herein, by molecular engineering, we lifted the degeneracy by zero-field splitting effects and made the multiple transitions addressable by a liquid-crystal-assisted method. The endohedral nitrogen fullerene derivatives with rigid addends of spiro structure and large aspect ratios of regioselective bis-addition improve the ordering of the spin ensemble. These samples empower endohedral-fullerene-based qudits, in which the transitions between the 4 electron spin levels were respectively addressed and coherently manipulated. The quantum geometric phase manipulation, which has long been proposed for the advantages in error tolerance and gating speed, was implemented in a pure electron spin system using molecules for the first time.