The Correlation Between Detection Value of Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions and the Early Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

BACKGROUND: To explore the correlation between the detection value of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and the early prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with first-onset sudden sensorineural hearing loss (all frequencies) from April 2018 to July 2019 were included in this study. Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and pure-tone audiometry tests were performed at days 0, 3, and 6 of admission. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the changes in the signal-to-noise ratio for different distortion-product otoacoustic emissions frequencies over time and the interaction of grouping factors and time factors. RESULTS: The distortion-product otoacoustic emissions evocation rate in the 4 groups was significantly different starting at day 3 of treatment. It was higher in the cured (35.3%) and obviously effective (20.0%) groups than in the other 2 groups (0%, 0%). At the 6 f2 frequencies of 1105 Hz, 1560 Hz, 2211 Hz, 3125 Hz, 4416 Hz, and 8837 Hz, the signal-to-noise ratio was different among the groups (P < .05) and was notably higher in the cured group. The analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio change before and after treatment at the intermediate f2 frequencies of 1105 Hz, 1560 Hz, and 2211 Hz in all patients indicated a linear correlation between the signal-to-noise ratio change and the pure-tone hearing threshold change, with a correlation coefficient of 0.481. CONCLUSION: Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions evocation in the early stage (within 3 days of treatment) or the signal-to-noise ratio trend over time at intermediate frequencies may predict the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Isolation, characterization and transcriptome analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus strain HNZK-02 from Henan Province, China.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes acute watery diarrhea and vomiting in piglets. Here, we isolated a strain of PDCoV from intestinal content of a piglet with severe watery diarrhea on a farm located in Henan Province, named PDCoV strain HNZK-02. Subsequently, the complete genomes of cell-cultured PDCoV HNZK-02 passage 5 and 15 were sequenced and analyzed. There was a continuous 3-nucleotide deletion and 7 amino acid changes in S genes when compared with the other reported PDCoVs. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptome analysis was used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed genes after PDCoV infection in ST cells. In total, 523 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 62 upregulated genes and 457 downregulated genes. The 62 upregulated genes were associated with TNF signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling, chemokine signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. The significant expressing changed genes, including three antiviral genes (Mx1, OASL, OAS1) and three inflammatory chemokine related genes (CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10) were further validated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. It showed the consistent expression patterns of the candidate genes with those from RNA-seq. Our results demonstrated that PDCoV infection activates NF-κB signaling pathway and leads to the expression of inflammatory factors, which may be related to TLRs but TLR2 is not a critical factor.In general, these results can help us to confirm the molecular regulation mechanism and also provide us a comprehensive resource of PDCoV infection.