The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and behavioral restrictions on electricity consumption and the daily demand curve in Turkey.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 has severely impacted many sectors, including the electricity sector. The reliability of the electricity sector is critical to the economy, health, and welfare of society; therefore, supply and demand need to be balanced in real-time, and the impact of unexpected factors should be analyzed. During the pandemic, behavioral restrictions such as lockdowns, closure of factories, schools, and shopping malls, and changing habits, such as shifted work and leisure hours at home, significantly affected the demand structure. In this research, the restrictions and their corresponding timing are classified and mapped with the Turkish electricity demand data to analyze the estimated impact of the restrictions on total demand and daily demand profile. A modulated Fourier Series Expansion evaluates deviations from normal conditions in the aggregate demand and the daily consumption profile. The aggregate demand shows a significant decrease in the early phase of the pandemic, during the period March-June 2020. The shape of the daily demand curve is analyzed to estimate how much demand shifted from daytime to night-time. A population-based restriction index is proposed to analyze the relationship between the strength and coverage of the restrictions and the total demand. The persistency of the changes in the daily demand curve in the post-contingency period is analyzed. These findings imply that new scheduling approaches for daily and weekly loads are required to avoid supply-demand mismatches in the future. The long-term policy implications for the energy transition and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic experience are also presented.

[Investigation of the microbiological variations at the empty root canals after retrograde histoacryl filling that is made with pulpectomy at the same time]. / Pulpektomy ile ayni anda yapilan retrograd histoacryl dolgu sonrasi bos kanallardaki mikrobiyolojik degisikliklerin arastirilmasi.

Many researchers defended the thesis of eradicating the apical foramen microleakage for a successful root canal treatment. This study has been designed to defect whether microorganisms will grow or not at the empty root canals as a result of the perfect obstruction of the apical foramen with histoacryl of least microleakage retrogradely. The study has been realized on 24 teeth of 6 adult dogs. Histoacryl was used to obstruct the apical foramens and the experimental animals were anesthetized with general anesthesia. Experimental animals were divided into three groups before the operation. At each group, eight teeth of two experimental animals were studied on. Consequently, a great amount of streptococcus kind, lactobacillus and staphylococcus were isolated at the cultures taken from the root canals of 15 days cases. At 30 day cases, peptostreptococus, lacto bacillus and staphylococcus were isolated while at 60 day cases streptococcus pneumonia, and lactobacillus were isolated and evaluated as meaningless.