Recent progress in energy-saving electrocatalytic hydrogen production via regulating the anodic oxidation reaction.

Hydrogen energy with its advantages of high calorific value, renewable nature, and zero carbon emissions is considered an ideal candidate for clean energy in the future. The electrochemical decomposition of water, powered by renewable and clean energy sources, presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to hydrogen production. However, the traditional electrochemical overall water-splitting reaction (OWSR) is limited by the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with sluggish kinetics. Although important advances have been made in efficient OER catalysts, the theoretical thermodynamic difficulty predetermines the inevitable large potential (1.23 V vs. RHE for the OER) and high energy consumption for the conventional water electrolysis to obtain H2. Besides, the generation of reactive oxygen species at high oxidation potentials can lead to equipment degradation and increase maintenance costs. Therefore, to address these challenges, thermodynamically favorable anodic oxidation reactions with lower oxidation potentials than the OER are used to couple with the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to construct new coupling hydrogen production systems. Meanwhile, a series of robust catalysts applied in these new coupled systems are exploited to improve the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen production. Besides, the electrochemical neutralization energy (ENE) of the asymmetric electrolytes with a pH gradient can further promote the decrease in application voltage and energy consumption for hydrogen production. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the advancements in electrochemical hydrogen production strategies with low energy consumption, including (1) the traditional electrochemical overall water splitting reaction (OWSR, HER-OER); (2) the small molecule sacrificial agent oxidation reaction (SAOR) and (3) the electrochemical oxidation synthesis reaction (EOSR) coupling with the HER (HER-SAOR, HER-EOSR), respectively; (4) regulating the pH gradient of the cathodic and anodic electrolytes. The operating principle, advantages, and the latest progress of these hydrogen production systems are analyzed in detail. In particular, the recent progress in the catalytic materials applied to these coupled systems and the corresponding catalytic mechanism are further discussed. Furthermore, we also provide a perspective on the potential challenges and future directions to foster advancements in electrocatalytic green sustainable hydrogen production.

Restraining the shuttle effect of polyiodides and modulating the deposition of zinc ions to enhance the cycle lifespan of aqueous Zn-I2 batteries.

The boom of aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices, such as zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries, is quite suitable for safe and sustainable energy storage technologies. However, in rechargeable aqueous Zn-I2 batteries, the shuttle phenomenon of polyiodide ions usually leads to irreversible capacity loss resulting from both the iodine cathode and the zinc anode, and thus impinges on the cycle lifespan of the battery. Herein, a nontoxic, biocompatible, and economical polymer of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is exploited as an electrolyte additive. Based on comprehensive analysis and computational results, it is evident that the PVA additive, owing to its specific interaction with polyiodide ions and lower binding energy, can effectively suppress the migration of polyiodide ions towards the zinc anode surface, thereby mitigating adverse reactions between polyiodide ions and zinc. Simultaneously, the hydrogen bond network of water molecules is disrupted due to the abundant hydroxyl groups within the PVA additive, leading to a decrease in water activity and mitigating zinc corrosion. Further, because of the preferential adsorption of PVA on the zinc anode surface, the deposition environment for zinc ions is adjusted and its nucleation overpotential increases, which is favorable for the dense and uniform deposition of zinc ions, thus ensuring the improvement of the performance of the Zn-I2 battery. This investigation has inspired the development of a user-friendly and high-performance Zn-I2 battery.

Multiple evidence reveals two new species and new distributions of Calocybe species (Lyophyllaceae) from northeastern China.

The Calocybe species possess notable economic and medicinal value, demonstrating substantial potential for resource utilization. The taxonomic studies of Calocybe are lacking in quality and depth. Based on the specimens collected from northeast China, this study provides a detailed description of two newly discovered species, namely Calocybebetulicola and Calocybecystidiosa, as well as two commonly found species, Calocybedecolorata and Calocybeionides. Additionally, a previously unrecorded species, C.decolorata, has recently been discovered in Jilin Province, China. The two newly discovered species can be accurately distinguished from other species within the genus Calocybe based on their distinct morphological characteristics. The primary distinguishing features of C.betulicola include its grayish-purple pileus, grayish-brown to dark purple stipe, smaller basidiomata, absence of cellular pileipellis, and its habitat on leaf litter within birch forests. Calocybecystidiosa is distinguished by its growth on the leaf litter of coniferous forests, a flesh-pink pileus, a fibrous stipe with a white tomentose covering at the base, non-cellular pileipellis, larger basidiospores, and the presence of cheilocystidia. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using combined ITS, nLSU, and tef1-α sequences, employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, showed that C.betulicola formed a cluster with C.decurrens, while C.cystidiosa clustered with C.vinacea. However, these two clusters formed separate branches themselves, which also supported the results obtained from our morphological studies. A key to the Calocybe species reported from northeast China is provided to facilitate future studies of the genus.

Histone H3K9 Lactylation Confers Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma via LUC7L2-Mediated MLH1 Intron Retention.

Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance remains the major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Lactylation is a novel post-translational modification that is involved in various tumors. However, whether lactylation plays a role in GBM TMZ resistance remains unclear. Here it is found that histone H3K9 lactylation (H3K9la) confers TMZ resistance in GBM via LUC7L2-mediated intron 7 retention of MLH1. Mechanistically, lactylation is upregulated in recurrent GBM tissues and TMZ-resistant cells, and is mainly concentrated in histone H3K9. Combined multi-omics analysis, including CUT&Tag, SLAM-seq, and RNA-seq, reveals that H3K9 lactylation is significantly enriched in the LUC7L2 promoter and activates LUC7L2 transcription to promote its expression. LUC7L2 mediates intron 7 retention of MLH1 to reduce MLH1 expression, and thereby inhibit mismatch repair (MMR), ultimately leading to GBM TMZ resistance. Of note, it is identified that a clinical anti-epileptic drug, stiripentol, which can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit lactate dehydrogenase A/B (LDHA/B) activity, acts as a lactylation inhibitor and renders GBM cells more sensitive to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. These findings not only shed light on the mechanism of lactylation in GBM TMZ resistance but also provide a potential combined therapeutic strategy for clinical GBM treatment.

The role of blood metabolites in oral cancer: insights from a Mendelian randomization approach.

Aim: This research aimed to explore the causal impact of blood metabolites on oral cancer using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The study endeavored to identify potential biomarkers for oral cancer's clinical management. Materials and methods: Based on the large individual-level datasets from UK Biobank as well as GWAS summary datasets, we first constructed genetic risk scores (GRSs) of 486 human blood metabolites and evaluated the effect on oral cancer. Various statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, among others, were employed to analyze the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and oral cancer. The sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q tests, funnel plots, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-Egger intercept tests. Results: 29 metabolites met the stringent selection criteria. Out of these, 14 metabolites demonstrated a positive association with oral cancer risk, while 15 metabolites indicated a protective effect against oral cancer. The IVW-derived estimates were significant, and the results were consistent across different statistical methodologies. Both the Cochran Q test and the MR-Egger intercept test indicated no heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Conclusion: This MR study offers evidence of the role specific blood metabolites play in oral cancer, pinpointing several with potential risk or protective effects. These findings could be helpful for new diagnostic tools and treatments for oral cancer. While the results are promising, additional research is necessary to fully validate and refine these conclusions. This study serves as a foundational step towards more comprehensive understandings in the future.

Microbial contamination status of swimming places for infants and young children in Shijia-zhuang City and comparison with other public places, 2021–2022 / 环境与职业医学

Background At present, China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places, but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet. Objective To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City, compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places, and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places. Methods A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places (hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets, and conventional swimming places) in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022. Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6: Technical specifications of health monitoring (GB/T 18204.6-2013). Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles. Results From 2021 to 2022, the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus (100%) for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City, followed by coliforms (99.44%), and that of total bacterial count was relative low (92.83%). The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76%, and the qualified rates in hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92%, and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)−1 [100 CFU·(25 cm2)−1=4 CFU·cm−2]; that in 4 types of public places such as hotels (except mouthwash cups), barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)−1. The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels (except mouthwash cups) or barber stores (H=5.432, H=2.997, both Ps<0.05); but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets (P>0.05). The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99% and 74.69% respectively, and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57% and 98.91% respectively; both showed significant differences between the two types of public places (χ2=162.532, χ2=71.910, both Ps<0.001). Conclusion Compared to conventional swimming places, hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets, the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition; therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places, and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.

Disease burden due to PM2.5 pollution before and after air quality improvement in Shijiazhuang / 环境与职业医学

Background Air pollution has gradually become a major environmental and public health problem faced by countries around the world. Hazy weather not only affects the health of the population, but also poses a threat to social and public safety. China has successively promulgated policies such as the "Ten Articles on Atmosphere" and the Three-year action plan to fight air pollution, aiming to improve ambient air quality. It is clear that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has accomplished the set targets and improved air quality according to the environmental monitoring data of 2017. Objective To assess air quality improvements through the evaluation of the disease burden due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Shijiazhuang City before and after the air quality improvement from 2014 to 2021, including fatalities and health economic losses attributed to PM2.5 pollution. Methods Data on causes of death, PM2.5 concentrations, the number of permanent residents at the end of the year, gross regional product, and disposable income per capita in urban areas of Shijiazhuang were collected from 2014 to 2021. Total, non-accidental, circulatory, and respiratory deaths due to PM2.5 pollution were estimated by global exposure mortality models (GEMM). Health and economic losses due to selected diseases were calculated by value of statistical life (VOSL). Results During the study period, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in Shijiazhuang was highest in 2014, and began to decline year by year in 2017, but all exceeded the current national limit of the second level of ambient air quality standards (35 μg·m−3). The total deaths, non-accidental deaths, circulatory disease deaths, and respiratory disease deaths attributed to PM2.5 pollution from 2014 to 2021 were 41326, 40246, 21792, and 5022, respectively; the associated health economic losses were 37.362, 36.369, 19.695, and 4.535 billion yuan, respectively. From the perspective of improved air quality, both the number of attributed deaths and health economic losses had declined in a volatile manner since 2017, with a significant decrease in 2019. If the average annual concentration of PM2.5 reached the second-level limit of China's ambient air quality standard (35 μg·m−3), the total deaths, non-accidental deaths, and deaths from circulatory diseases and respiratory diseases due to PM2.5 pollution would deducted by about 17000, 16000, 9000, and 2000, respectively; the corresponding health and economic losses would decreased by 15.201, 14.761, 7.959, and 1.859 billion yuan, respectively. If the average annual concentration of PM2.5 reached the latest PM2.5 air quality guidelines (5 μg·m−3) proposed by the World Health Organization, the total deaths, non-accidental deaths, circulatory disease deaths, and respiratory disease deaths due to PM2.5 pollution would deducted by 36000, 35000, 19000, and 4000, respectively, and the corresponding health and economic losses would reduced by 32.673, 31.796, 17.211, and 3.969 billion yuan, respectively. Conclusion PM2.5 pollution can lead to severe mortality burden and economic loss. Under the implementation of the State Council's "Ten Articles on Atmosphere" and the Three-year action plan to fight air pollution, Shijiazhuang's PM2.5 concentration and health economic losses have been significantly reduced, and further control of PM2.5 pollution can achieve greater health benefits and economic gains, affirming the positive results of local air pollution prevention work.

Visualization of nasal powder distribution using biomimetic human nasal cavity model

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.

IRP1 mediated ferroptosis reverses temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via affecting LCN2/FPN1 signaling axis depended on NFKB2.

The prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients is poor, and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance has become an important obstacle to its treatment effect. A growing number of researches have revealed the special characteristics of iron metabolism in GBM chemosensitivity. Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is an important protein for maintaining intracellular iron homeostasis. IRP1 has been indicated to have additional vital roles beyond its conventional metabolic activity, but the underlying mechanisms and biological consequences remain elusive. Here, we unprecedentedly demonstrated that amplifying IRP1 signals can reverse TMZ resistance and suppress tumor growth in vivo via inhibiting NFKB2 in the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, we identified that NFKB2 affected TMZ sensitivity of GBM by modulating the expression of LCN2 and FPN1. Taken together, this study established a role for the IRP1/NFKB2 pathway in regulating LCN2/FPN1 signaling axis among the progression of TMZ resistance, suggesting a potential innovative GBM therapeutic strategy.

Regulating the thickness of the carbon coating layer in iron/carbon heterostructures to enhance the catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction.

The exploration of high-performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial and urgent for the fast development of green and renewable hydrogen energy. Herein, an ultra-fast and energy-efficient preparation strategy (microwave-assisted rapid in-situ pyrolysis of organometallic compounds induced by carbon nanotube (CNT)) is developed to obtain iron/carbon (Fe/C) heterogeneous materials (Fe/Fe3C particles wrapped by carbon coating layer). The thickness of the carbon coating layer can be adjusted by changing the content and form of carbon in the metal sources during the fast preparation process. Fe/Fe3C-A@CNT using iron acetylacetonate as metal sources possesses unique Fe/C heterogeneous, small Fe/Fe3C particles encapsulated by the thin carbon coating layer (1.77 nm), and obtains the optimal electron penetration effect. The electron penetration effect derives from the redistribution of charge between the surface carbon coating layer and inner Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles efficiently improving both catalytic activity and stability. Therefore, Fe/Fe3C-A@CNT shows efficient OER catalytic activity, just needing a low overpotential of 292 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2, and long-lasting stability. More importantly, the unique control strategy for carbon thickness in this work provides more opportunity and perspective to prepare robust metal/carbon-based catalytic materials at the nanoscale.

A Novel Gel Thermoelectric Chemical Cell for Harvesting Low-Grade Heat Energy.

The use of gel thermoelectric chemical cells to capture low-grade heat for conversion to electricity is an attractive approach. However, there are few studies on whether the distribution of redox species in the electrolyte has an effect on the performance of cells. Herein, this concern was discussed by constructing a novel gel thermoelectric chemical cell (Cu-C-cg). Using cellulose-like rice paper as a separator, a concentration gradient of electrolyte was carefully constructed, so that the concentration of potassium ferrocyanide gradually decreased from the hot electrode to the cold electrode while the concentration of potassium ferricyanide gradually increased. Through electrochemical measurement and analysis, it was found that the thermoelectric performance of this cell outperformed the cell without electrolyte concentration gradients. Meanwhile, this performance could be enhanced by the use of asymmetric electrodes composed of copper foil and carbon electrodes. After optimizing the conditions, the open-circuit voltage, output power, and Seebeck coefficient of the Cu-C-cg cell at 12 K temperature difference were 0.450 V, 183 µW, and 7.82 mV K-1 , respectively. This work not only provides a novel idea in gel-based cell design but also an excellent thermoelectric chemical cell.

Ultrafast fabrication of robust electrocatalyst having Fe/Fe3C and CuNC for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity.

The search for ultrafast and simple methods to fabricate non-noble metal catalysts to boost electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still ongoing. Herein, we demonstrate a one-step microwave-assisted heating method to prepare copper nitride/iron/iron carbide nanoparticle hybrids (CuNC/Fe/Fe3C/CNT). This ultrafast heating method induces plentiful carbon-wrapped metal and Fe3C nanoparticles that are attached to the surface of CNT and scattered nanosheets. The CuNC/Fe/Fe3C/CNT exhibit a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.886 V toward the ORR in alkaline solution, with 220 mV more positive E1/2 than that of CuNC/CNT and Fe/Fe3C/CNT respectively. The activity of as-prepared catalysts is discussed by investigating their structures and compositions and their relationship with the ORR performance. Detailed analysis results disclose that the high activity of the CuNC/Fe/Fe3C/CNT catalysts could be attributed to the interaction of CuNC and Fe/Fe3C species. To be specific, as the electron donor, Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles induce electron localization and promote the formation of Cu (δ + )-NC (0 < Î´ < 2), therefore leading to the improvement of the ORR performance. This work may offer an ultrafast way to construct efficient catalysts with enhanced ORR performance.

Construction and verification of a nomogram prediction model of severe adult community-acquired pneumonia / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To construct and verify the nomogram prediction model based on inflammatory indicators, underlying diseases, etiology and the British Thoracic Society modified pneumonia score (CURB-65 score) in adults with severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods:The clinical data of 172 adult inpatients first diagnosed as CAP at Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were divided into severe and non-severe diseases groups according to the severity of their conditions. The baseline conditions (including gender, age, past history, comorbidities and family history), clinical data (including chief symptoms, onset time, CURB-65 score), first laboratory results on admission (including whole blood cell count, liver and kidney function, blood biochemistry, coagulation function, microbiological culture results) and whether the antimicrobial therapy was adjusted according to the microbiological culture results were recorded in both groups. Univariate analysis was used to screen for differential indicators between severe and non-severe patients. After covariate analysis, multi-factor Logistic regression analysis was performed based on the Aakaike information criterion (AIC) forward stepwise regression method to rigorously search for risk factors for constructing the model. Based on the results of the multi-factor analysis, a nomogram prediction model was constructed, and the discriminatory degree and calibration degree of the model were assessed using the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) and calibration curve.Results:A total of 172 adult CAP patients were included, 48 in severe group and 124 in non-severe group. The median age was 74 (57, 83) years old, onset time was 5.0 (3.0, 10.0) days, total number of comorbidities was 3 (2, 5), including 58 cases (33.7%) with hypertension and 17 (9.9%) with heart failure, 113 (65.7%) with CURB-65 score≤1, 34 cases (19.8%) had a CURB-65 score = 2 and 25 cases (14.5%) had a CURB-65 score≥3. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, smoking history, CURB-65 score, heart rate, onset time, total comorbidity, pathogenic microorganisms, fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension [odds ratio ( OR) = 3.749, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.411 to 9.962], heart failure ( OR = 4.616, 95% CI was 1.116 to 19.093), co-infection ( OR = 2.886, 95% CI was 1.073 to 7.760), history of smoking ( OR = 8.268, 95% CI was 2.314 to 29.537), moderate to high CURB-65 score ( OR = 4.833, 95% CI was 1.892 to 12.346), CRP ( OR = 1.012, 95% CI was 1.002 to 1.022), AST ( OR = 1.015, 95% CI was 1.001 to 1.030) were risk factors for severe CAP (all P < 0.05). The filtered indicators were included in the nomogram model, and the results showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the model to identify patients with severe adult CAP was 0.896, 95% CI was 0.840 to 0.937 ( P < 0.05), and the calibration curve showed that the predicted probability of severe CAP was in good agreement with the observed probability (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ2 = 6.088, P = 0.665). Conclusions:The nomogram model has a good ability to identify patients with severe adult CAP and can be used as a comprehensive and reliable clinical diagnostic tool to provide a evidence for timely intervention in the treatment of adults with severe CAP.

Meta-analysis of the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery on corneal endothelial cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To systematically evaluate the effects of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional ultrasound cataract surgery(CUCS)on corneal endothelial cells.METHODS: Databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCT)from the establishment of the database to November 2021 on the effects of femtosecond laser cataract surgery and conventional ultrasound cataract surgery on corneal endothelial cells. Language is limited to Chinese or English. The literatures were evaluated by the Manual of Systematic Evaluation of Cochrane Interventions and the modified Jadad Scale. Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 13 RCT were included, including 1 446 eyes in the FLACS group and 1 472 eyes in the CUCS group. The Meta-analysis results showed that the cumulative dissipated energy(CDE)in FLACS group was obviously lower than that in CUCS group [WMD=-3.84, 95%CI (-6.30, -1.38), P=0.002]. The effective phacoemulsification time(EPT)in the FLACS group was obviously lower than that in the CUCS group [WMD=-3.03, 95%CI(-4.00, -2.05), P&#x003C;0.001]. The density of corneal endothelial cells in both the FLACS group after surgery at 1 and 3mo was higher than that in CUCS group [WMD=121.76, 95%CI(79.31, 164.20), P&#x003C;0.001; WMD=76.04, 95%CI(19.25, 132.82), P=0.009]; The thickness of the central cornea in the CUCS group was significantly thicker than that in the FLACS group at 1wk after the surgery [WMD=-9.89, 95%CI (-18.60, -1.18), P=0.026]; The incidence of postoperative corneal edema in the FLACS group was less than that in the CUCS group [RR=0.46, 95%CI(0.32, 0.66), P&#x003C;0.001]. There were no differences in the percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional ultrasound cataract surgery, femtosecond assisted cataract surgery can significantly reduce the phacoemulsification energy and the duration of the phacoemulsification energy, and significantly reduce the loss of corneal endothelial cells in the early postoperative period, while reducing the occurrence of postoperative corneal edema.

Long-term urbanization impacts the eastern golden frog (Pelophylax plancyi) in Shanghai City: Demographic history, genetic structure, and implications for amphibian conservation in intensively urbanizing environments.

Understanding the mechanisms of how urbanization influences the evolution of native species is vital for urban wildlife ecology and conservation in the Anthropocene. With thousands of years of agriculture-dominated historical urbanization followed by 40 years of intensive and rapid urbanization, Shanghai provides an ideal environment to study how the two-stage urbanization process influences the evolution of indigenous wildlife, especially of anuran species. Therefore, in this study, we used mitochondrial Cyt-b gene, microsatellite (SSR), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to evaluate the demographic history and genetic structure of the eastern golden frog (Pelophylax plancyi), by sampling 407 individuals from 15 local populations across Shanghai, China. All local populations experienced bottlenecks during historical urbanization, while the local populations in urban areas maintained comparable contemporary effective population sizes (N e) and genetic diversity with suburban and rural populations. Nevertheless, the rapid modern urbanization has already imposed significant negative effects to the integrity of populations. The 15 local populations were differentiated into eight genetic clusters, showing a spatial distribution pattern consistent with the current urbanization gradient and island-mainland geography. Although moderate gene flow still occurred from the rural peripheral cluster to urban and suburban clusters, population fragmentation was more serious in the urban and suburban populations, where higher urbanization levels within 2-km radius areas showed significant negative relationships to the N e and genetic diversity of local populations. Therefore, to protect urban wildlife with limited dispersal ability, improving conditions in fragmented habitat remnants might be most essential for local populations living in more urbanized areas. Meanwhile, we highlight the need to preserve large unfragmented rural habitats and to construct corridor networks to connect discrete urban habitat remnants for the long-term wildlife conservation in intensively urbanizing environments.

Digital measurement and clinical significance of imaging parameters of occipital-C2 angle and posterior occipitocervical angle / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the differences and correlation of imaging parameters of occipital-C2 angle (OC2A) and posterior occipitocervical angle (POCA) between sex and age, so as to provide theoretical reference for fixing the position of head and neck in occipitocervical fusion. Methods The imaging data of 473 cases (339 males and 134 females) were collected and divided into 2 groups according to sex. Each group was subdivided into 6 groups according to age: ≤29 year-old, 30-39 year-old, 40-49 year-old, 50-59 year-old, 60-69 year-old and ≥70 year-old. OC2A and POCA were measured in Mimics software, and their differences with sex and age were statistically analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in OC2A and POCA between sexes (P0.05); There were significant differences in POCA between the male group of 30-39 year-old and ≤29 year-old (P<0.05), but between the group of 40-49 year-old and each group (P<0.05). In the female group, there was significant difference between the group of ≤29 year-old and all age groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among the other groups (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between OC2A and POCA (r= 0.038, P<0.05), that is, there was no correlation between them. Conclusion There is no difference in OC2A and POCA values between sexes; there are differences in OC2A and POCA values in males among different age groups, suggesting that clinical attention should be paid to the age differences in males, while there is no difference in OC2A values in females, but POCA is different in different age groups. The changes of OC2A and POCA values in different age groups and sex provide a parameter basis for fixing the anatomical reduction angle of head and neck in occipitocervical fusion.

A novel alkaloid from Corydalis tomentella / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents in the ethyl acetate extract of Corydalis tomentella was isolated and purified with normal and reversed phase silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, and semi-preparative HPLC. The compound structures were identified based on spectroscopic experiments and reported papers. Finally, eighteen compounds(1-18) were obtained from C. tomentella, including 17 alkaloids and 1 terpenoid. Among them, compound 1(tomentellaine A) was a novel alkaloid. Compounds 2-5, 7-14, and 16-18 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Qualitative study on hospice care needs of patients with end-stage cancer / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the needs of end-stage cancer patients for hospice care, so as to provide a basis for the development of human-centered quality nursing services in hospice care.Methods:13 patients with end-stage cancer in tumor ward were interviewed by personal in-depth interview, and the data were sorted and analyzed by Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method.Results:A total of four themes of hospice care needs of patients with end-stage cancer were extracted. The need to maintain self-subject: the desire to maintain self-efficacy and self-image of dignity in life; the need to relieve the symptoms of self-discomfort. The need to relieve the physical symptoms and psychological discomfort. Meet the needs of self-determination: participate in medical care decisions and choose comfortable social relationships. Express their own emotional needs: the past farewell and remembrance and future wish to achieve the expectationsConclusions:Patients with end-stage cancer have diverse needs for hospice care. In clinical work, medical staff should adhere to the people-oriented concept, explore patients' needs and preferences, and implement individualized quality nursing measures to meet patients' needs for hospice care.

Research progress on nursing staff′s coping with death competence / 中国实用护理杂志

Nursing staff plays a crucial role in the end-stage of a patient′s life, and it is inevitable for nursing staff to face and handle problems about death. The ability to cope with death is of vital importance, which can reduce the risk of emotional distress in nurses, and assist nurses to better participate in patients' end-stage care, and improve the quality of care. This paper summarizes the definition, components, theoretical frameworks and models, assessment tools, status quo, influencing factors of the coping with death competence, and propose the corresponding intervention strategy according to the situation of our country, provide references for the future research.

Research progress on nursing staff′s coping with death competence / 中国实用护理杂志

Nursing staff plays a crucial role in the end-stage of a patient′s life, and it is inevitable for nursing staff to face and handle problems about death. The ability to cope with death is of vital importance, which can reduce the risk of emotional distress in nurses, and assist nurses to better participate in patients' end-stage care, and improve the quality of care. This paper summarizes the definition, components, theoretical frameworks and models, assessment tools, status quo, influencing factors of the coping with death competence, and propose the corresponding intervention strategy according to the situation of our country, provide references for the future research.