RESUMEN
Disadvantaged schoolchildren from rural and low socioeconomic backgrounds face persistent oral health inequalities, specifically dental caries, and periodontal diseases. This protocol aims to review the effectiveness of promotive and preventive oral health interventions for improving the oral health of primary schoolchildren in these areas. We will search the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences databases for studies published from 2000-2023. The review includes randomised/nonrandomised controlled trials and community trials evaluating the effectiveness of promotive and preventive oral health interventions on at least one of these outcomes: changes in dental caries status, periodontal disease status, oral hygiene status/practices, sugar consumption, or smoking behaviours. Two reviewers will independently assess the searched articles, extract the data, and assess the risk of bias in the studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (ROB 2) for randomised controlled trials and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) for non-randomised controlled trials. Both narrative and quantitative analyses will be conducted. However, only narrative synthesis will be performed if the data are substantially heterogeneous. The synthesised evidence from this review can inform policymakers on evidence-based interventions to improve the oral health outcomes of schoolchildren from rural and low socioeconomic backgrounds. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42022344898).
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Salud Bucal , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Humanos , Niño , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Enfermedades Periodontales/prevención & control , Atención Dental para Niños/métodos , Higiene BucalRESUMEN
The Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) index was developed to assess children's oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to culturally adapt the self-administered Child-OIDP index into Urdu, evaluate its psychometric properties, and provide an initial estimate of oral impacts among 11-12-year-old children in Lahore, Pakistan. The translation of the Child-OIDP index from English to Urdu was performed, and the content and face validity of the initial Urdu version were evaluated by experts and 11-12-year-old children, respectively. The psychometric properties of the Urdu Child-OIDP were assessed by administering the index to 264 children aged 11-12 from five schools in the Lahore district. Psychometric properties were evaluated using criterion and construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and global self-rated oral items, followed by an oral examination. The standardized Cronbach's alpha was 0.77, and the weighted Kappa was 0.94 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98). The index exhibited significant associations with subjective outcome measures, dental problem history, and dental caries status (p = 0.001). Children reporting poor oral health, lower satisfaction with oral health, and experiencing oral impacts demonstrated higher Child-OIDP scores. Additionally, children with dental caries and perceived treatment needs exhibited higher Child-OIDP scores, indicating poorer Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). The prevalence of oral impacts was 88.3% (mean score = 17.8, standard deviation (SD) =14.7). Eating performance was the most affected while speaking was the performance least affected, while toothache and sensitive teeth were identified as the two most common causes of oral impacts. Toothache was the primary cause of condition-specific impacts, responsible for the majority of oral impacts. This study demonstrates that the self-administered Urdu Child-OIDP index is a valid and reliable tool for assessing OHRQoL among 11-12-year-old children in Lahore, Pakistan.
Asunto(s)
Salud Bucal , Psicometría , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Niño , Pakistán , Femenino , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Comparación Transcultural , Actividades Cotidianas , Traducciones , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The effectiveness of children's oral health education (OHE) is determined by the appropriateness of the educational materials used, which can influence their attitude towards oral health. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the benefits of OHE materials from the perspective of schoolchildren. This study aimed to explore schoolchildren's opinions on the newly developed ToothPoly board game as an OHE tool. A qualitative approach using focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted among 44 schoolchildren aged 12 years old from a public school in Malaysia. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit the schoolchildren. The ToothPoly board game was playtested and FGDs were conducted after the playtesting session ended. Data collection and analyses were performed concurrently until data saturation was reached. The data were transcribed and coded using Atlas.Ti software version 9.1.3 followed by the framework method analysis. Mixed opinions were observed among the schoolchildren with a majority expressing favourable opinions on the advantages of the ToothPoly board game as an OHE tool. Five themes emerged from the advantages aspect, i.e., fun and enjoyable, promote focus, attention and oral health-related learning, attractive board game features, and enhance peer interaction. Meanwhile, two themes emerged that were related to the disadvantages of the board game, i.e., "competition with online games and media" and "not practical for a large group activity". The findings showed that the ToothPoly board game was perceived as a useful, interactive, and enjoyable tool to learn about oral health in small groups. The findings of the study highlight the importance of tailoring OHE activities to fulfil the needs of specific target groups to ensure its acceptance and future success.
Asunto(s)
Salud Bucal , Percepción , Niño , Humanos , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
Health- and oral health-compromising behaviours (HOHCBs) impact the health readiness of military personnel, resulting in decreased fitness performance, thus affecting combat readiness. This study aimed to identify the clustering patterns and number of HOHCBs in army personnel in Central Peninsular Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study using a multistage sampling technique and a validated 42-item online questionnaire was conducted to assess ten health (medical screening, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking status, alcohol consumption, substance abuse, aggressive behaviours, sleep, and road safety habits) and five oral health behaviour domains (tooth brushing, fluoridated toothpaste use, flossing, dental visits, and bruxism). Each HOHCB was dichotomised into healthy and health-compromising behaviour and analysed using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA). With the majority being males (92.5%), of other ranks (96.8%), and healthy (83.9%), 2435 army members of a mean age of 30.3 years (SD = 5.9) participated, with a response rate of 100%. HACA identified two clustering patterns: (i) 'high-risk behaviours' (30 HOHCBs) and (ii) 'most common risk behaviours' (12 HOHCBs) with a mean clustering number of 14.1 (SD = 4.1). In conclusion, army personnel in Central Peninsular Malaysia displayed 2 broad HOHCB clustering patterns, 'high-risk' and 'most common risk', with an average of 14 HOHCB clusters per person.
RESUMEN
Developing health-related smartphone applications for oral health education should consider the end-user's perspectives to ensure they will be usable. This study aimed to explore the opinions of secondary school students in Selangor, Malaysia regarding the use of a smartphone application for oral health education and to identify the features for an oral health education smartphone application from the perspectives of adolescents. Focus group discussions were conducted among Form Two (14-year-old) and Form Four (16-year-old) students from selected government secondary schools in Selangor utilising a semi-structured topic guide until data saturation was achieved. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Ten focus group discussions were conducted involving 77 participants. Mixed opinions were recorded on the use of health-related smartphone applications for oral health education. The preferred features in a health-related smartphone application are disease detection, have games and rewards, educational and fun, access to a dentist, reminders, and user-friendliness. Adolescents are aware of the positive aspect of using health-related smartphone applications for oral health education; however, they are wary of the need to install one. Nevertheless, identifying adolescents' preferred features of an oral health education app is the first step in developing an application tailored to their needs. Smartphone application could be a timely strategy to improve oral health education delivery and behaviour improvement for this age group.
RESUMEN
(1) This study aimed to generate a simplified form of the Malaysian psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ[M]) and validate its use in the sociodental approach for estimating orthodontic treatment need. (2) Two eight-item forms were derived: an impact simplified PIDAQ[M] (ISP8), comprising the most impactful items as rated by 35 participants, and a regression simplified PIDAQ[M] (RSP8), derived from regression analysis of 590 participants' data from the PIDAQ[M] validation study. Their psychometric performances were assessed for internal consistency, validity (criterion and construct), reproducibility (reliability and agreement), and responsiveness to change. The sociodental estimates were based on 204 orthodontic patients' data who were assessed for normative need, impact-related need, and propensity-related need. McNemar analysis compared the sociodental estimates when both simplified PIDAQ[M] forms and the original PIDAQ[M] were used to measure impact-related need. (3) Both simplified PIDAQ[M] forms were valid, reproducible, and responsive. The sociodental estimates when using the ISP8 (38.2%) were similar to when the PIDAQ[M] (35.8%) was used (p > 0.05) but overestimated by 3.4% (p < 0.05) when the RSP8 (39.2%) was used as the assessment tool. (4) The simplified PIDAQ[M] can replace the original PIDAQ[M] in the sociodental approach to estimate the orthodontic treatment needs of the Malaysian population.
Asunto(s)
Maloclusión , Estética Dental , Humanos , Maloclusión/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study translated/cross-culturally adapted the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) into Malay and psychometrically tested the Malay-FAI (FAI-M). METHODS: The FAI-M was created according to international guidelines. Internal consistency/test-retest reliability were assessed with Cronbach's alpha/intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients. Construct and convergent validity were appraised by relating the FAI-M to the Global Oral Health (GOH) questionnaire and Short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP) using Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's rho correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Of the 243 participants enrolled, 54.7% (n = 133) had no TMDs, while TMDs were present in 45.3% (n = 110). The FAI-M presented very good internal consistency (α = 0.90) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.99). Theoretically predicted FAI-M score patterns matched the GOH categories, and strong correlations were discerned between FAI-M and S-OHIP (rs = 0.71). CONCLUSION: The FAI-M exhibited good psychometric properties and can be applied in Malay-speaking populations.
RESUMEN
(1) This study aimed to do a longitudinal validation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) and determine its minimal important difference (MID) following orthodontic treatment; (2) 42 adolescents (11 to 18 years old) were recruited for treatment with fixed appliances and the participants answered the Malaysian PIDAQ prior to treatment (T0), mid-treatment (T1), and post-treatment (T2), plus a global health transition scale at T1 and T2. Data analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-tests. Test-retest was administered 2 to 6 weeks from T0; (3) The final sample comprised 37 subjects (response rate = 88.1%). The 95% limits of agreement were -10.3 to 8.5 points. In the anchor-based approach, those who experienced the smallest changes by reporting their dental aesthetics as "a little improved" had an insignificant PIDAQ score change of -5.3 at T1. At T2, the PIDAQ scores of those in this category were reduced significantly (mean change = -26.2; effect size (ES) = 1.0; p = 0.34). In the distribution-based approach, standardized PIDAQ scores were significantly reduced, with medium (0.7) to large (1.5) ES at T1 and T2, respectively; (4) The PIDAQ can detect orthodontic-related changes in patients' psychosocial well-being. The post-treatment MID is 26 scale points with large ES.
RESUMEN
Objectives: To shorten the 24-item Arabic Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ(A)) for adolescents in Yemen. Material and methods: Two shortening methods derived six-item and nine-item versions: the item impact method selected items with the highest impact scores as rated by 30 participants in each subscale; and the regression method was applied using data of 385 participants from the PIDAQ(A) validity study, with the total PIDAQ(A) score as the dependent variable, and its individual items as the independent variables. The four derived versions were assessed for validity and reliability. Results: The means of the six-item and nine-item short versions of both methods were close. Cronbach's alpha values extended from 0.90 to 0.92 (intra-class correlations = 0.85−0.88). In criterion validity, strong significant correlations were detected between scores of all short versions and the 24-item PIDAQ(A) score (0.96−0.98; p < 0.001). Construct validity displayed significant associations among all short versions and self-perceived dental appearance rank and self-perceived need for orthodontic braces rank (p < 0.05). Mean scores of all short versions were significantly different between adolescents with severe malocclusion and those with slight malocclusion in discriminant validity tests. In conclusion, all PIDAQ(A) short versions are valid and reliable.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0 (GCPS 2.0) and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20) of the Malaysian English version of Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (M-English DC/TMD). GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 underwent psychometric analysis involving content, face, criterion, and construct (exploratory factor analysis (EFA), convergent, discriminant, known group) validity including internal and test-retest reliability on 208 samples. The construct validity was assessed against 14 hypotheses and non-parametric statistics were used to assess the data. The GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 had high internal consistencies (α = 0.85 and 0.96) with an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. The content validity index for GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 were 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. The EFA of GCPS 2.0 identified one factor whereas three factors were identified for JFLS-20. Both instruments had moderate to strong positive correlation with other instruments when assessing for concurrent (r = 0.75-0.80, p < 0.01) and convergent (r = 0.58-0.70, p < 0.01) validity, while moderate to high negative correlation (r = -0.86--0.68, p < 0.01) against the global self-rating oral health items. Based on the study, GCPS 2.0 and JFLS-20 of the M-English DC/TMD proven to be reliable and valid for use in the Malaysian population with TMD.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on the effect of 6-month dental home visits compared to no dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in 5- to 6-year-olds. METHODS: 5- to 6-year-olds attending kindergartens were randomized to receive either 6-month dental home visits and education leaflets (Intervention group) or education leaflets alone (Control group) over 24 months. To detect a 15% difference in caries incidence with a significance level of 5% and power of 80%, 88 children were calculated to be needed in the Intervention group and 88 in the Control. Baseline clinical data included oral examinations at the kindergartens. Follow-up visits were made on the 6th, 12th and 18th month. At the end of the 24 months, both the Intervention and Control groups were visited for oral examinations. The primary outcome was caries incidence, measured by the number and proportion of children who developed new caries in the primary molars after 24 months. The secondary outcome was the number of primary molars that developed new caries (d-pms). Frequency distributions of participants by baseline socio-demographic characteristics and caries experience were calculated. The chi-square test was used to test differences between the caries experience in the Intervention and Control groups. The t test was used to compare the mean number of primary molars developing new caries between the Intervention Group and the Control Group. The number of children needed to treat (NNT) was also calculated. RESULTS: At the 24-month follow-up, 19 (14.4%) developed new caries in the Intervention Group, compared to 60 (60.0%) in the Control Group (p = .001). On average, 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1-0.3) tooth per child in the Intervention Group was observed to have developed new caries compared to 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.3) tooth per child in the Control Group (p = .001). The number of children needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one child from developing new caries was 2.2. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has demonstrated that 6-month home visits to families of 5- to 6-year-olds are effective in caries prevention in 5- to 6-year-olds of low-income families in a middle-income country where access to health services, including oral health promotion services, is limited.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Visita Domiciliaria , Preescolar , Humanos , Niño , Incidencia , Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Salud BucalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Having good oral hygiene self-care, especially a regular toothbrushing habit will promote lifelong oral health. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence an adolescent's oral hygiene behaviour is important in developing effective oral health programmes for this age group. This study aimed to explore the motivators and barriers to adolescents' oral hygiene self-care by exploring the perspectives of secondary school students from three government schools in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. METHODS: Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with Form 2 (14-years-old) and Form 4 (16-years-old) students from selected secondary schools in Selangor using a semi-structured topic guide until data saturation was reached. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework method analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 FGDs were conducted involving 77 adolescents. The motivators for good oral hygiene self-care were appearance, fear of oral disease, consequences of oral disease and past toothache experience. The barriers for oral hygiene self-care were poor attitude towards oral care, lack of confidence in toothbrushing skills, snacking habit and the taste of toothpaste. CONCLUSION: Understanding the motivators and barriers to adolescents' oral hygiene self-care is the first step in designing effective oral health education messages. The findings from this study can be used as a guide for oral health education programmes and development of materials that fulfil the needs of the adolescent population.
Asunto(s)
Higiene Bucal , Pastas de Dientes , Adolescente , Humanos , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Pastas de Dientes/uso terapéutico , Autocuidado , Malasia , Cepillado Dental/métodosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The sociodental model integrates clinical assessment, perceived impacts of malocclusion on quality of life, and behavioural propensity when prioritising orthodontic treatment. This study compares the effect of using different instruments to measure impact-related need on the assessment of orthodontic treatment need based on the sociodental framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 206 Malaysian adolescents (age: 11-18 years) were screened in orthodontic clinics to identify those with normative need, oral impacts due to malocclusion, and having high and medium-to-high behavioural propensities. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need classified normative need. The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDA) questionnaire and the Condition-Specific Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (CS-OIDP) index measured oral impacts. Subjects' behavioural propensities for successful treatment outcome were based on the Basic Periodontal Examination and International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Data were analysed using the McNemar test. RESULTS: The response rate was 99.0%. Estimates of normative need (89.7%) were significantly reduced under the sociodental model by 65.7% (pâ¯< 0.0001) when impact-related need was measured using PIDA, and by 41.7% (pâ¯< 0.0001) when measured using CS-OIDP. The difference between the results of the two instruments in proportions of identified need for orthodontic treatment was 24.0% (pâ¯< 0.0001). CONCLUSION: For Malaysian adolescents, estimates of need for orthodontic treatment when assessed with the sociodental approach were substantially lower than normative clinical assessment and depended highly on the tools selected to assess the patient's impact-related need. Health policy makers should understand the implication of adopting one instrument or the other when estimating orthodontic treatment need.
Asunto(s)
Maloclusión , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Estética Dental , Humanos , Indice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico , Maloclusión/diagnóstico , Maloclusión/epidemiología , Maloclusión/terapia , Evaluación de Necesidades , Salud BucalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Malaysian School Dental Service (SDS) was introduced to provide systematic and comprehensive dental care to school students. The service encompasses promotive, preventive, and, curative dental care. This study aimed to undertake a process evaluation of the SDS based on the perspectives of government secondary school students in Selangor, Malaysia. METHODS: The study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the opinions of secondary school students on the SDS implementation in their schools. Data from focus group discussions involving Form Two (14-year-olds) and Form Four (16-year-olds) students from the selected schools were transcribed verbatim and coded using the NVivo software before framework method analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Among the strengths of the SDS were the convenience for students to undergo annual oral examination and dental treatment without having to visit dental clinics outside the school. The SDS also reduced possible financial burdens resulting from dental treatment costs, especially among students from low-income families. Furthermore, SDS helped to improve oral health awareness. However, the oral health education provided by the SDS personnel was deemed infrequent while the content and method of delivery were perceived to be less interesting. The poor attitude of the SDS personnel was also reported by the students. CONCLUSION: The SDS provides effective and affordable dental care to secondary school students. However, the oral health promotion and education activities need to be improved to keep up with the evolving needs of the target audience.
Asunto(s)
Atención Odontológica , Instituciones Académicas , Humanos , Malasia , Salud Bucal , EstudiantesRESUMEN
Self-awareness of poorly arranged teeth can influence the quality of life. This study aimed to report the impacts of self-perceived malocclusion in young adults and the association between demographic characteristics and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). In this cross-sectional study, six-hundred-forty-three subjects from Selangor, Malaysia selected using a multistage sampling technique answered the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics (PIDA) questionnaire and self-rated their dental appearance using the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Data were analyzed using multifactorial ANOVA to identify the association between demographic characteristics and total PIDA score. Five-hundred-twenty-four subjects (81.5%) completed the questionnaires. Overall, 87.8% had impacts on their OHRQoL. Psychological impact was the most impacted domain (75.8%), followed by dental self-confidence (59.4%), social impact (48.9%) and aesthetic concern (22.1%). 16.8% reported significant impacts on all domains. Their mean PIDA score was 36.3 (SD 17.1). Prevalence, extent and severity of impacts were higher amongst those with self-perceived malocclusion. Gender, ethnicity, and self-perceived malocclusion status were associated with PIDA score (p < 0.05). Sub-urban and rural females had significantly higher PIDA scores than sub-urban and rural males. In conclusion, majority of Malaysian young adults especially those with self-perceived malocclusion were impacted by their dental aesthetics.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite the implementation of the preschool oral healthcare programme (POHP) for 5-6-year-old children over the past 3 decades in Malaysia, dental plaque and caries levels in this age group remain high. Among the child-level attributable factors are unhealthy self-care behaviours (poor oral hygiene and high sugary diet). In order to improve the children's oral health, an improved programme called the 'Senyuman Indah Milik Semua' Programme (SIMSP) or 'Beautiful Smile for All' programme is introduced. In this programme, a triad of dental hygienist-teacher-parent works together to improve children's oral hygiene levels compared with the existing POHP that involves dental hygienists only. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of the SIMSP versus the existing POHP on oral hygiene levels of 5-6-year-old children in the Kampar district, Perak state, Malaysia. METHODS: This study is a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, parallel-group, matched pair, controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment. Randomisation is performed using a computer-generated table with a 1:1 allocation comparing the SIMSP and the POHP involving 28 preschools in the Kampar district, Perak, Malaysia. The intervention consists of preschool visits by a group of dental therapists, in-class oral health lessons and daily toothbrushing conducted by class teacher, child home toothbrushing supervised by parents, and infographic oral health messages to parents. The control consists of the existing POHP that involves preschool visits by a group of dental therapists only. The trial lasts for 6 months. Primary outcome variable is the mean plaque score change after 6 months. To determine the feasibility of the SIMSP, a process evaluation will be conducted using the perspectives of dental therapists, teachers, and parents on the appropriateness, effectiveness, facilitators, and barriers to the SIMSP implementation as well as an audit trail to assess the trial intervention. DISCUSSION: Cluster randomisation may lead to a random effect and cluster selection bias. These factors will be accounted for when analysing the data and interpreting the outcomes. The effectiveness of the SIMSP will be evaluated by comparing the results with those of the POHP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04339647 . Registered on 5 April 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Higiene Bucal , Niño , Preescolar , Atención a la Salud , Caries Dental/diagnóstico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Humanos , Malasia , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Instituciones Académicas , Cepillado DentalRESUMEN
AIMS: To develop the Malay DC/TMD through a formal cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) process for use in non-English speaking populations and to determine the reliability and validity of the Malay Graded Chronic Pain Scale (M-GCPS) and Malay Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (M-JFLS). METHODS: The English DC/TMD was translated into the Malay language using the forward-backward translation procedures specified in the INfORM guideline. The initial Malay instrument was pre-tested, and any discrepancies were identified and reconciled before producing the final Malay DC/TMD. Psychometric properties of the M-GCPS and M-JFLS were evaluated using a convenience sample of 252 subjects and were assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as face, content, concurrent, and construct validity testing. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Concurrent and construct validity of both domains were performed using Spearman ρ correlation test. In addition, construct and discriminant validity were appraised using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha values for the M-GCPS and M-JFLS were 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. The ICC was 0.98 for the M-GCPS and 0.99 for M-JFLS. The majority of the tested associations for both domains were found to be statistically significant, with good positive correlations. CONCLUSION: The M-GCPS and M-JFLS were found to be reproducible and valid. The Malay DC/TMD shows potential for use among Malay-speaking adults.
Asunto(s)
Lenguaje , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular , Adulto , Humanos , Malasia , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The Preschool Oral Healthcare Programme (POHP) was introduced in Malaysia by the Ministry of Health in 1984 to provide oral healthcare for 5-6-year-old children. Most of its evaluations were directed towards assessing children's oral health status. Little emphasis has been placed on assessing the programme feasibility from the perspectives of the oral health personnel. The objective of the study was to explore the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the POHP using the perspectives of dental therapists (DT) in Selangor state, Malaysia. This study took a qualitative approach using focus group discussion (FGD) as the data collection method. The data were transcribed verbatim followed by thematic analysis using Nvivo software. A total of 13 FGDs had been conducted involving 114 DT. The main facilitators were good dental teamwork, assistance from schools and teachers, sufficient training of DT, adequate support from dental administration, and good cooperation from the children. The main barriers were lack of financial support, manpower, time, inadequate support from preschools and children, language barrier, and accessibility to sugary food and drinks at schools. The study provided important insights regarding the POHP that would be useful for programme improvement through policy changes, workforce training, and enhanced school participation.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of evidence with regards to the association between both maternal and child dental anxiety and the mother's perception of her child's oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal and child dental anxiety with COHRQoL and the effect of demographic factors as moderators in this relationship. In addition, the association between child's dental caries experience and the COHRQoL was also assessed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1150, 5-6 year-old preschool children in Selangor, Malaysia. Mothers answered a questionnaire on socio-economic status, the Malay-Modified Dental Anxiety Scale to assess maternal dental anxiety, and the Malay-Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale to assess COHRQoL. Child's dental anxiety was assessed using the Malay-Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale via a face-to-face interview prior to oral examination to assess dental caries. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling to assess the relationship between maternal and child dental anxiety and COHRQoL. RESULTS: Overall, complete data on 842 mother-child dyads were analysed. The mean scores of total ECOHIS, the child impacts section (CIS), and the family impacts section (FIS) were 17.7 (SD = 4.9), 12.6 (SD = 3.7), and 5.1 (SD = 1.9), respectively. The mean dental anxiety scores for mothers and children were 11.8 (SD = 4.5) and 16.9 (SD = 4.3), respectively. Maternal dental anxiety was associated with the CIS (b = 0.08, p < 0.001), the FIS (b = 0.01, p = 0.001), and the total ECOHIS (b = 0.14, p < 0.001). Maternal education level, income, urban/rural location, and kindergarten type were moderators to the relationship. In addition, there was also a significant relationship between child's dental caries experience and COHRQoL (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal dental anxiety and child's dental caries experience have significantly impacted the COHRQoL, the CIS, and the FIS domains. Demographic factors such as maternal education, income, urban/rural location, and kindergarten type acted as moderators that can strengthen or weaken the relationship between maternal dental anxiety and COHRQoL of 5-6-year-old preschool children.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/psicología , Caries Dental/psicología , Madres/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Malasia/epidemiología , Masculino , Relaciones Madre-Hijo/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceptions of caregivers towards oral healthcare services received by elders in Malaysian nursing homes and to identify challenges and suggestions for improvement. BACKGROUND: Caregivers play an important role in the oral health care of elders in nursing homes. METHODS: This study employed a qualitative approach using the nominal group technique (NGT) to obtain caregivers' feedback in nursing homes in Malaysia. Data were manually transcribed, summarised into keywords/key phrases, and ranked using weighted scores. RESULTS: In total, 36 caregivers (21 from government and 15 from private nursing homes) participated in the NGT sessions. Overall, caregivers were satisfied with the low treatment cost, the quality of treatment, and the availability of dental visits to nursing homes. Caregivers were dissatisfied with the frequency of dental visits, long waiting times at government dental clinics, and inadequate denture hygiene education for elders in nursing homes. The challenges faced by caregivers were elders' poor oral health knowledge and attitude and lack of elders' trust of caregivers to look after their oral health. Suggestions for improvement were to increase the frequency of dental visits to nursing homes, provide oral health education to elders and caregivers, and give treatment priority to elders at dental clinics. CONCLUSION: Despite being satisfied with the basic oral healthcare services received by elders in Malaysian nursing homes, caregivers raised some issues that required further attention. Suggestions for improvement include policy changes in nursing home dental visits and treatment priority for elders at government dental clinics.