RESUMEN
COVID-19 is a contagious disease that has spread globally, killing millions of people around the world. In order to reduce the likelihood of in-hospital death due to COVID-19, it is reasonable to select a group of patients with a low probability of survival and to implement measures in advance to minimize the risk of death. One way to do this is to establish cut-off values for the most commonly performed blood laboratory tests, above or below which the likelihood of death increases significantly. The aim of the study was to determine the basic laboratory parameters among unvaccinated patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with concomitant cardiovascular disease, which are the predictors of in-hospital death. Out of 1234 patients, 446 people who met the specific inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The multivariate regression analysis has shown that the independent predictors of death are: troponin levels of at least 0.033 µg/L (OR = 2.04 [1.10; 3.79]), creatinine of at least 1.88 mg/dL (OR = 2.88 [1.57; 5.30]), D-dimers of at least 0.97 g/L (OR = 2.04 [1.02; 4.07]), and C-reactive protein minimum of 0.89 mg/L (OR = 2.28 [1.24; 4.18]).
RESUMEN
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are currently the second-line pharmacotherapy in type 2 diabetes, particularly through their effectiveness in reducing glycemia, but also due to their cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. In light of surprisingly satisfactory results from large, randomized trials on gliflozins, SGLT2 received the highest recommendation (Class IA) with the highest level of evidence (A) in the treatment algorithm for HF with reduced LVEF in recent ESC HF guidelines. This great breakthrough in the treatment of HF is due to different mechanisms of action of gliflozins that are reported to be able to change the natural course of HF by reducing the risk of both hospitalization and death. They are recommended regardless of the patient's diabetes status. This review summarizes the up-to-date literature on their beneficial and pleiotropic impact on the cardiovascular system.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Between 34.5% and 69% of the patients with lung cancer are at risk of malnutrition. Quality of life (QoL) and physical status assessment provides valuable prognostic data on lung cancer patients. Malnutrition is a prognostic parameter for clinical outcome. Therefore, the identification of significant factors affecting the clinical outcome and QoL is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional status and outcome, i.e., overall survival, time to tumor progression, and QoL, in lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic search of the Pubmed/MEDLINE databases per the Cochrane guidelines to conduct a meta-analysis consistent with the PRISMA statement, using the following keywords: "lung cancer," "malnutrition," "nutrition," "quality of life," "well-being," "health-related quality of life," and "outcome." Out of the 96 papers identified, 12 were included in our meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis shows that patients with a good nutritional status have a better QoL than malnourished patients in the following functioning domains: physical (g = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.46, p < 0.001), role (g = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.31 to 1.59, p < 0.001), emotional (g = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.97 to 1.24, p < 0.001), cognitive (g = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.76 to 1.06, p < 0.001), and social (g = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.27 to 1.56, p < 0.001). The risk of death was significantly higher in malnourished than in well-nourished patients (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.25 to 1.86, p < 0.001). Nutritional status was significantly associated with survival, indicating that patients with a poorer nutritional status are at more risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is a significant clinical and prognostic parameter in the assessment of lung cancer treatment. Malnutrition is associated with poorer outcome in terms of overall survival, time to tumor progression, and QoL in patients treated for lung cancer.