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Fetal development can be altered by DNA damage caused by maternal exposure to chemical, physical, or biological agents during gestation. One method of assessing genotoxicity is to detect micronuclei (MNs) and/or nuclear abnormalities. This can be performed in vivo and requires only frequently dividing tissues, such as amniotic tissue (AT), which is in contact with the fetal environment and is composed of very thin layers of cells. This study evaluated the presence of MNs, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds (NBs) in the fetal AT following maternal exposure to cyclophosphamide (CP) during pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group and an experimental group that was orally administered CP (10 mg/kg). Daily blood smears were obtained from pregnant rats on days 14-19 of gestation. The rats were dissected, and fetal ATs were obtained on the 19th day of gestation. The MN and NB frequencies in AT cells were analyzed using a fluorescence microscope (100 ×). Micronucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the control rats were also assessed. Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies were significantly higher than those in the controls. Polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies were lower in CP-treated rats than in controls at 48-120 h. Fetuses in the CP-treated group also showed a significant increase in MNs and NBs in AT cells. In conclusion, AT could be used for analyzing MNs and NBs in rats following maternal exposure to a genotoxic agent and as a viable alternative for analyzing the integrity of fetal DNA during gestation.
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Crataegus oxyacantha is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transplacental genotoxicity effect of aqueous (AE) and hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of leaves C. oxyacantha in a rat model and the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Three different doses of the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf were administered orally (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16-21 days), and sampling in rats occurred every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, while only one sample was taken in neonates at birth. A sample of the mother's and the neonate's liver was taken for the determination of MDA. The results show that, at the hepatic level, the evaluated doses of extracts C. oxyacantha in pregnant rats and their pups did not show cytotoxicity. However, the AE and HE generated cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in the short term. On the other hand, only the AE showed a teratogenic effect. Based on these results, the AE and HE of the C. oxyacantha leaf should not be administered during pregnancy.
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Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, the effects of excess of nitric oxide, may contribute to the symptoms of periodontitis. Objective: To determine the serum nitric oxide concentration in generalized chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and to compare it with a healthy subject group from the Mexican population. Materials and methods: A case and control study was performed. Sixty-nine individuals were recruited from the Clínica de Posgrado de Periodoncia of the Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, México. Patients with clinical features of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP group, n=19), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP group, n=11), and a group of healthy subjects (HS group, n=39) were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each subject, and serum nitric oxide concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Nitric oxide concentration in the study groups was greater in the GCP group (462.57 ± 16.57 µmol/L) than in the GAP group (433.84 ± 18.61 µmol/L) and the HS group (422.46 ± 12.07 µmol/L). A comparison using Student's t-test (one-tailed) between healthy subjects and generalized chronic periodontitis showed borderline significance (p<0.04), whereas no significant differences were observed in HS and GAP groups, with a p-value of 0.64, and the GAP vs. GCP p-value was 0.33. Conclusion: The serum nitric oxide concentration observed in the present study suggests that nitric oxide plays a major role in the inflammatory process, which cannot necessarily be linked to the severity of the disease and periodontal tissue destruction.
Introducción. La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta los tejidos de soporte dental; los efectos del exceso de óxido nítrico pueden contribuir a los síntomas de la periodontitis. Objetivo. Determinar la concentración de óxido nítrico en el suero de los pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y crónica generalizada, y compararla con la de individuos sanos de población mexicana. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 69 individuos de la Clínica de Posgrado de Periodoncia del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Se dividieron en tres grupos: pacientes con periodontitis crónica generalizada (GCP, n=19), pacientes con periodontitis agresiva generalizada (GAP, n=11) e individuos sanos periodontalmente (HS, n=39). Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de todos los participantes. Se utililizó la prueba ELISA para medir la concentración de óxido nítrico en suero. Resultados. Las concentraciones de óxido nítrico observadas fueron mayores en el grupo GCP (462,57 ± 16,57 µmol/L) que en los grupos GAP (433,84 ± 18,61 µmol/L) y HS (422,46 ± 12,07 µmol/L). La comparación entre HS y GCP mediante la prueba estadística t de Student (una cola), mostró diferencias significativas (p<0,04), y no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos HS y GAP (p=0,64), ni entre GAP y GCP (p=0,33). Conclusiones. La concentración de óxido nítrico en suero, observada en el presente estudio, sugiere que el óxido nítrico desempeña un importante papel en el proceso inflamatorio, lo que no necesariamente está ligado a la gravedad de la enfermedad ni a la destrucción del tejido periodontal.
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Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, the effects of excess of nitric oxide, may contribute to the symptoms of periodontitis. Objective: To determine the serum nitric oxide concentration in generalized chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and to compare it with a healthy subject group from the Mexican population. Materials and methods: A case and control study was performed. Sixty-nine individuals were recruited from the Clínica de Posgrado de Periodoncia of the Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, México. Patients with clinical features of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP group, n=19), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP group, n=11), and a group of healthy subjects (HS group, n=39) were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each subject, and serum nitric oxide concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Nitric oxide concentration in the study groups was greater in the GCP group (462.57 ± 16.57 µmol/L) than in the GAP group (433.84 ± 18.61 µmol/L) and the HS group (422.46 ± 12.07 µmol/L). A comparison using Student's t-test (one-tailed) between healthy subjects and generalized chronic periodontitis showed borderline significance (p<0.04), whereas no significant differences were observed in HS and GAP groups, with a p-value of 0.64, and the GAP vs. GCP p-value was 0.33. Conclusion: The serum nitric oxide concentration observed in the present study suggests that nitric oxide plays a major role in the inflammatory process, which cannot necessarily be linked to the severity of the disease and periodontal tissue destruction.
Introducción. La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta los tejidos de soporte dental; los efectos del exceso de óxido nítrico pueden contribuir a los síntomas de la periodontitis. Objetivo. Determinar la concentración de óxido nítrico en el suero de los pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y crónica generalizada, y compararla con la de individuos sanos de población mexicana. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 69 individuos de la Clínica de Posgrado de Periodoncia del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Se dividieron en tres grupos: pacientes con periodontitis crónica generalizada (GCP, n=19), pacientes con periodontitis agresiva generalizada (GAP, n=11) e individuos sanos periodontalmente (HS, n=39). Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de todos los participantes. Se utililizó la prueba ELISA para medir la concentración de óxido nítrico en suero. Resultados. Las concentraciones de óxido nítrico observadas fueron mayores en el grupo GCP (462,57 ± 16,57 µmol/L) que en los grupos GAP (433,84 ± 18,61 µmol/L) y HS (422,46 ± 12,07 µmol/L). La comparación entre HS y GCP mediante la prueba estadística t de Student (una cola), mostró diferencias significativas (p<0,04), y no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos HS y GAP (p=0,64), ni entre GAP y GCP (p=0,33). Conclusiones. La concentración de óxido nítrico en suero, observada en el presente estudio, sugiere que el óxido nítrico desempeña un importante papel en el proceso inflamatorio, lo que no necesariamente está ligado a la gravedad de la enfermedad ni a la destrucción del tejido periodontal.
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Periodontitis , Óxido Nítrico , Periodontitis Agresiva , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar , Periodontitis CrónicaRESUMEN
Annona muricata have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple diseases, including cancers. This study evaluated the genotoxic potential and antigenotoxic activities of A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts by employing an in vivo erythrocyte rodent micronucleus assay. Different doses (187.5, 375, and 750 mg/kg) of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days alone and combined with cyclophosphamide (CP, 60 mg/kg) to BALB/c mice. Also, it was administered orally to Wistar rats for 5 days through the final stage of gestation. No genotoxic or cytotoxic effects were observed in the two adult rodent models when A. muricata was administered orally nor in newborn rats transplacentally exposed to the extracts. Moreover, A. muricata aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts demonstrated a protective effect against CP-induced DNA damage. Due to its lack of genotoxic effect and its capacity to decrease DNA damage, A. muricata is likely to open an interest field regarding its potential safe use in clinical applications.
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Annona , Extractos Vegetales , Ratones , Ratas , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Roedores , Ratas Wistar , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Eritrocitos , Daño del ADN , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
Micronuclei (MN) are used to assess genotoxic exposure, whereas nuclear buds (NBs) have been linked to genotoxic events. Crocodylus moreletii was studied to identify MN and NBs. Three groups were formed: Group 1 (water) and groups 2 and 3 (7 or 10 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide). A drop of blood was obtained daily from the claw tip at 0 to 120 h. Spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and erythrocytes with nuclear buds (NBEs) were counted. The frequencies of micronucleated young erythrocytes (MNYEs) and NB young erythrocytes (NBYEs) were evaluated, including the ratio of young erythrocytes (YE)/1000 total erythrocytes. No significant differences were observed in the YE proportion on sampling days; group 1 did not show differences for any parameter, whereas group 2 showed significant differences in MNEs and NBEs, and group 3 showed differences in NBEs and NBYEs. Some mitotic activity in circulation was observed in YEs. In conclusion, NBEs could be a more sensitive biomarker to genotoxic damage than MNEs. The identification of these biomarkers leads us to propose Crocodylus moreletii as a possible environment bioindicator because these parameters could be useful to analyze the in vivo health status of these reptiles and for biomonitoring genotoxic pollutants in their habitats.
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Crataegus oxyacantha has been mainly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its safety profile has not been fully established, since only the genotoxic effects of C. oxyacantha fruit have been described. Therefore, the objective of this work was evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf and bark extracts of C. oxyacantha by means of the micronucleus test in a murine model. Doses of 2000, 1000, and 500 mg/kg of both extracts were administered orally for 5 days in mice of the Balb-C strain. Peripheral blood smears were performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after each administration. The number of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) was determined at the different sampling times. Our results showed that the leaf and bark of C. oxyacantha increase the number of MNEs at the 2000 mg/kg dose, and only the aqueous leaf extract decreases the number of PCEs at the same dose. Therefore, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf and bark extracts of C. oxyacantha showed genotoxic effects, and only the aqueous leaf extract exhibited cytotoxic effects.
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PURPOSE: Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiosis of periodontopathic bacteria, which stimulate the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis that plays an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of this disease, leading to alveolar bone destruction through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). IL-23 receptor mRNA (IL-23R) has been identified in periodontitis, and IL-17 receptor A mRNA (IL-17RA) and its protein have not yet been evaluated in patients with periodontitis. In this study was measure IL-23R and IL-17RA in gingival tissue (GT) from patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and to explore correlations with clinical parameters. METHODS: We included 16 healthy subjects (HS), 18 patients with GCP, and 14 with GAP. GT samples were collected during periodontal surgery. Both IL-23R and IL-17RA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman' rank correlation coefficients using SPSS version 25.0. We found lower IL-23R levels in patients with GCP and GAP than in HS. Contrarily, we observed higher IL-17RA levels in GCP and GAP patients than in HS. Moreover, we found negative correlations between IL-23R in GT and probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Likewise, a positive correlation of IL-17RA in GT with CAL was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results of these findings suggest that the reverse behavior between IL-23R and IL-17RA in periodontitis patients may also be involved with the activation of RANKL, which promotes alveolar bone loss.
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Air pollution has become a serious public health problem globally. Recent studies support the harmful effect of air pollution on human health, in addition to scientific evidence that recognizes it as a human carcinogen. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMC) assay is employed extensively to measure cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in a population exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in healthy young adults exposed to different levels of air pollution and to identify areas with air pollution rates above the regulatory limits. This study was performed through the BMC assay in oral mucosa samples from 80 healthy young adults from the Guadalajara metropolitan zone. Three highly contaminated areas were taken into account: Tlaquepaque, Miravalle, and Las Pintas. Las Aguilas, a less contaminated area, was used as a reference. The frequencies of nuclear abnormalities in the areas with the highest and lowest levels of air pollution were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, an analysis of the concentration of environmental pollutants, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), were carried out in the mentioned areas, in order to identify the events above the regulatory limits in a year period. The results showed that young adults exposed to a higher concentration of pollutants showed higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities. The individuals from the areas of Tlaquepaque, Miravalle, and Las Pintas showed cytotoxic damage since statistically significant differences were found in the abnormalities of pyknotic nuclei (PNs), condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), and karyolysis (KL). The individuals who showed the most cytotoxic damage were from the Las Pintas area with higher frequencies in nuclear abnormalities (PNs, CC, KX, and KL) (p < 0.0001). Genotoxic damage was found in individuals from two zones, Miravalle and Las Pintas, with statistically significant differences in the abnormality of nuclear buds (NBUDs) (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollution in healthy young adults has an effect on cellular and nuclear integrity and thus in human health, since areas with higher air pollution showed an increase in cytotoxicity, specifically in early and late markers of cell death (CC, KX, PN, and KL) and genotoxic damage (BUDs).
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Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Adolescente , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/genética , Ciudades , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Mucosa BucalRESUMEN
SKH1 hairless mice are widely used in carcinogenesis and dermatology research due to their bare skin, as exposure to different agents is facilitated. Minoxidil is a cosmetic drug that is recognized as a mitogenic agent, and mitogens are suggested to have carcinogenic and mutagenic potential by inducing cell division and increasing the possibility of perpetuating DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that the application of high doses of minoxidil to the skin of hairless mice would increase the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) in peripheral blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the topical administration of high doses of minoxidil on peripheral blood erythrocytes of SKH1 mice by means of micronucleus assay. Minoxidil was administered on the entire body surface of mice every 12 or 24 h. Minoxidil dosing every 24 h increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and dosing every 12 h increased the number of MNEs and MNPCEs, as compared to baseline and the negative control group. No decrease in polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies was observed in the minoxidil groups. Therefore, topical application of high minoxidil doses to mice can produce DNA damage, as observed through an increase in the number of MNEs, without producing cytotoxicity, possibly due to its mitogenic effect.
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Genomic instability is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intake of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on genomic instability in HIV patients. We studied 67 HIV patients under pharmacological treatment with ATRIPLA who were divided into three groups: group 1, patients under ATRIPLA antiretroviral therapy; group 2, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary aqueous extract (4 g/L per day); and group 3, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary methanolic extract (400 mg/day). The genomic instability was evaluated through the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Oral epithelial cells were taken at the beginning and 1 and 4 months later. The groups that received the pharmacological therapy with ATRIPLA and the complementary therapy with R. officinalis extracts showed a decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities compared with the group that only received ATRIPLA. The complementary therapy with R. officinalis decreased the genomic instability in HIV patients.
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Terapias Complementarias , Inestabilidad Genómica/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por VIH , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Rosmarinus/química , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/genética , Humanos , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Jatropha dioica is traditionally used owing to its antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. But, toxicological information regarding J. dioica root total extract is currently limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate in a rat model, the transplacental genotoxicity effect of J. dioica aqueous root total extract. Three different J. dioica aqueous root total extract doses (60, 100, and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16-21 days). Pregnant rats were sampled every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, and pubs were sampled at birth. Genome damage in dams and their newborn pups transplacentally exposed to J. dioica was evaluated by in vivo micronuclei assay. We evaluated the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in peripheral blood samples from pups and MNPCE and PCE in pregnant rats. No genotoxic effect was observed after oral administration of the three different doses of aqueous root total extract of J. dioica in pregnant or in their newborn pubs, after transplacental exposure. A significant decrease in PCE frequency was noted in samples from pubs of rats treated with the highest dose of J. dioica extract. The aqueous total root extract of J. dioica at the highest dose tested in our research do have cytotoxic effect in pups transplacentally exposed to this plant extract. Moreover, neither a genotoxic nor a cytotoxic effect was observed in pregnant rats. In the present work, there was no evidence of genome damage in the rat model after transplacental exposure to J. dioica aqueous root total extract.
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Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an infection that affects the teeth supporting structure. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important effector cytokine of the innate immune system. Due to its functional characteristics, MIF may be involved in the immunopathology of CP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MIF levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum of CP patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into two groups: subjects with CP (n= 30) and periodontally healthy subjects without CP (n=30). MIF was quantified in GCF, saliva, and serum of all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIF concentrations were higher in GCF, saliva, and serum in the group with CP compared with the group without CP and a higher MIF concentration was observed in GCF (p=0.001) and saliva (p=0.009) in the group with CP. MIF intragroup comparisons between fluids demonstrated significant high levels of MIF in saliva compared with GCF and serum in both study groups (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between clinical signs and MIF concentration in GCF (p<0.05). There is an association between the MIF and the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, MIF could have an important role in the pathology and progression of CP.
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Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Periodontitis Crónica/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/genética , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/genética , Adulto , Periodontitis Crónica/sangre , Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Líquido del Surco Gingival/metabolismo , Humanos , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/química , Oxidorreductasas Intramoleculares/inmunología , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/química , Factores Inhibidores de la Migración de Macrófagos/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Saliva/inmunología , Saliva/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip exposure on the genotoxicity and oxidative damage by means of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay by counting nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in buccal mucosa and attached gingiva cells and by analyzing in whole saliva the molecule 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 113 subjects divided into two groups: group 1 or control (n = 53), non-whitening strip exposed, and group 2 (n = 60), whitening strip exposed (Crest® 3D Whitestrips® premium plus, 10% hydrogen peroxide). Oral epithelial cells and whole saliva samples were taken at the beginning and 30 days later for group 1 and immediately before bleaching and 15 and 30 days after the end of the bleaching for group 2. RESULTS: An increased frequency of NAs (p < 0.05) and higher levels of 8-OHdG (p < 0.05) were observed after bleaching exposure. Also, a positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide and micronuclei was found. CONCLUSION: Individuals exposed to 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips exhibit NAs increased in oral epithelial cells and 8-OHdG in saliva, which is directed related to nuclear and oxidative DNA damage, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogen peroxide is the active agent of tooth whitening and this compound induced DNA damage. Individuals exposed to whitening strips with 10% hydrogen peroxide exhibit increased genotoxic and oxidative damage. Therefore, self-application of bleaching agents should be handled carefully since it could be a risk to human health.
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Daño del ADN , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Oxidantes , Blanqueamiento de Dientes , Daño del ADN/ética , Femenino , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Masculino , Oxidantes/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Blanqueamiento de Dientes/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rosemary leaves powder has been reported to reduce in a dose-dependent manner, glucose levels, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in humans. However, patients should ingest high doses of powder contained in capsules. This formulation constitutes the intake of 10 capsules per day, so the active metabolite must first, be released and then absorbed (for which, rosemary leaf powder must be mixed with gastric juice). AIM: Evaluate whether a shortened dose and time of treatment as well as the pharmaceutical presentation in rosemary tea (Rosmarinus officinalis) instead of powder have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of T2D. METHOD: The complementary therapy with Rosemary tea (2g/1 litre of water per day) were evaluate on resistance to insulin, oxidative stress, biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in forty patients T2D under treatment with metformin and/or glibenclamide afther giving your authorization through informed consent. RESULTS: The data indicated that Rosemary tea intake after 90 days, statistically decreased (p < 0.05) anthropometric parameters like the body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Remarkably, this treatment decreased the percentages of glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, and the pancreatic ß-cell function and lastly, a significant difference in lipid peroxide levels was found. CONCLUSION: These data show that shortening time and dose, as well as changing the formulation of the Rosemary plant constitutes a promising treatment for drug-resistant T2D patients.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Rosmarinus , Té , Anciano , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is characterized by gingival inflammation and bone destruction. It has been reported that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels are high in CP patients; however, the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) has not been studied in gingival tissue from these patients. To evaluate IFN-γ levels and IFN-γR expression in gingival tissue biopsies from chronic periodontitis patients compared with healthy subjects (HS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival tissues were obtained from all study subjects, CP (n = 18) and healthy subjects (HS) (n = 12). A tissue section of each study subject was embedded in paraffin blocks to determine the expression of IFN-γ R (IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2) through immunohistochemistry. Another section of the tissue was homogenized and IFN-γ was measured by the ELISA technique. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the IFN-γR1 expression within the cell layers of the gingival tissue of the study groups. When analyzing the IFN-γR2 expression it was found that IFN-γR2 is strongly expressed in the endothelial cells of CP patients when compared to HS (p<0.05). IFN-γ concentrations in the gingival tissue were significantly higher in CP patients than in HS. No significant correlation between IFN-γ levels and the expression of IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 was found. However, a positive correlation between IFN-γ levels and clinical parameters [probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)] was found. CONCLUSION: The study of IFN-γR expression in gingival tissue samples from patients with CP showed an increase only in the IFN-γR2 chain in endothelial cells when compared to HS.
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Periodontitis Crónica/patología , Células Endoteliales/patología , Encía/patología , Interferón gamma/análisis , Receptores de Interferón/análisis , Adulto , Biopsia , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Receptor de Interferón gammaRESUMEN
Abstract Chronic periodontitis (CP) is characterized by gingival inflammation and bone destruction. It has been reported that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels are high in CP patients; however, the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) has not been studied in gingival tissue from these patients. Objective: To evaluate IFN-γ levels and IFN-γR expression in gingival tissue biopsies from chronic periodontitis patients compared with healthy subjects (HS). Material and Methods: Gingival tissues were obtained from all study subjects, CP (n = 18) and healthy subjects (HS) (n = 12). A tissue section of each study subject was embedded in paraffin blocks to determine the expression of IFN-γ R (IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2) through immunohistochemistry. Another section of the tissue was homogenized and IFN-γ was measured by the ELISA technique. Results: No significant differences were found in the IFN-γR1 expression within the cell layers of the gingival tissue of the study groups. When analyzing the IFN-γR2 expression it was found that IFN-γR2 is strongly expressed in the endothelial cells of CP patients when compared to HS (p<0.05). IFN-γ concentrations in the gingival tissue were significantly higher in CP patients than in HS. No significant correlation between IFN-γ levels and the expression of IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 was found. However, a positive correlation between IFN-γ levels and clinical parameters [probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)] was found. Conclusion: The study of IFN-γR expression in gingival tissue samples from patients with CP showed an increase only in the IFN-γR2 chain in endothelial cells when compared to HS.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Interferón gamma/análisis , Receptores de Interferón/análisis , Células Endoteliales/patología , Periodontitis Crónica/patología , Encía/patología , Valores de Referencia , Biopsia , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico's indigenous population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty indigenous individuals were evaluated, including thirty from the ethnicities Cora, Huichol, Tarahumara and Tepehuano. The number of micronuclei (MN) and any nuclear abnormality (NA) in oral mucosa cells, including cells with nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with karyolysis, karyorrhetic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells were determined for each participant. RESULTS: Tepehuano and Tarahumaras showed the greatest damage to DNA. The Tepehuano group presented the highest number of MN and NA, this being a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the rest of the studied groups. This group also presented the highest herbicide exposure (46.7%). In relation to the smoking and drinking habits, these were more frequent in the Tarahumara group (33.3 and 50% respectively). CONCLUSION: The ethnic diversity, habits and customs may influence the DNA nuclear integrity in the Amerindian groups.
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Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Indígenas Norteamericanos/genética , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , ADN/genética , Dieta , Etnicidad/genética , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Herbicidas , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestructura , Fumar/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: The objective of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of the concentration of soluble salivary E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) compared with the clinical value of the presence of membranous E-cadherin (mE-cadherin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues. Material and Methods: Data regarding patient demographics, clinical stage, saliva and tumor tissue samples were collected. The saliva was analyzed for sE-cadherin protein levels and was compared to the mE-cadherin immunohistochemical expression levels in tumor tissues, which were assessed via the HercepTest(R) method. Patients without cancer were included in the study as a control group for comparisons of the sE-cadherin levels. Results: sE-cadherin levels in the saliva of patients without cancer were lower than those in patients with cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.031). Low mE-cadherin expression was statistically significantly associated with lymph node positivity (p=0.015) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.001). The inverse relationship between mE-cadherin and sE-cadherin was significant in terms of lymph node positivity (p=0.014) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.037). Conclusions: The results suggest that sE-cadherin levels are significantly increased in patients with oral cancer and that its low expression within the membrane as well as the progression of the disease appear to be inversely associated with levels of sE-cadherin in the saliva (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Saliva , Cadherinas/análisis , Cadherinas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Inmunohistoquímica/métodosRESUMEN
Abstract: Objective: To determine the number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico's indigenous population. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty indigenous individuals were evaluated, including thirty from the ethnicities Cora, Huichol, Tarahumara and Tepehuano. The number of micronuclei (MN) and any nuclear abnormality (NA) in oral mucosa cells, including cells with nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with karyolysis, karyorrhetic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells were determined for each participant. Results: Tepehuano and Tarahumaras showed the greatest damage to DNA. The Tepehuano group presented the highest number of MN and NA, this being a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the rest of the studied groups. This group also presented the highest herbicide exposure (46.7%). In relation to the smoking and drinking habits, these were more frequent in the Tarahumara group (33.3 and 50% respectively). Conclusion: The ethnic diversity, habits and customs may influence the DNA nuclear integrity in the Amerindian groups.
Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el número de micronúcleos y anomalías nucleares en la población indígena de México. Material y métodos: Se evaluó a ciento veinte indígenas, incluyendo treinta individuos de las etnias cora, huichol, tarahumara y tepehuana. A cada participante se le determinó el número de micronúcleos (MN) y de alguna anomalía nuclear (AN) en células de mucosa bucal, incluyendo células con brotes nucleares, binucleadas, cariolisis, cariorrexis, cromatina condensada y picnóticas. Resultados: Los tepehuanos y tarahumaras mostraron el mayor daño al ADN. El grupo tepehuano presentó el mayor número de MN y AN, con una diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) en comparación con el resto de los grupos estudiados; este grupo presentó también la mayor exposición a herbicidas (46.7%). En relación con los hábitos de fumar y beber, se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el grupo tarahumara (33.3 y 50%, respectivamente). Conclusión. La diversidad étnica, hábitos y costumbres pueden influir la integridad del ADN en los grupos amerindios.
