Práticas e conhecimentos parentais: um estudo associativo sobre as aquisições motoras infantis / Parental practices and knowledge: an associative study on children's motor skills acquisitions

RESUMO O estudo objetivou investigar as associações entre práticas e conhecimentos dos cuidadores e o desempenho motor de crianças de zero a 2 anos de idade. Participaram 53 crianças avaliadas com a Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2. Seus familiares responderam a dois questionários de cuidados parentais, a Daily Activities of Infant Scale e Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, e um questionário de nível socioeconômico. Identificaram-se correlações significativas entre desempenho motor e comprimento (p=0,001) e peso atual da criança (p=0,005). Em relação às práticas parentais, correlações significativas foram observadas entre o desempenho motor e posturas durante a alimentação (p≤0,001), banho (p≤0,001), trocas de roupa (p=0,024), sono (p=0,035) e no colo (p=0,001), bem como em brincadeiras tranquilas (p=0,003), ativas (p=0,024) e oportunidades de passeio (p=0,004) da criança. A análise de regressão evidenciou que o modelo com posturas na alimentação, trocas de roupas e brincadeiras explicou 79% da variância no desempenho motor (p<0,001). As oportunidades de trocas posturais durante a alimentação, a higiene do bebê e brincadeiras ativas, influenciaram aquisições de habilidades motoras mais sofisticadas nos primeiros anos de vida.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the associations between caregivers practices and knowledge and the motor performance of children from zero to two years of age. 53 children were assessed with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2. Their family members answered the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, the Daily Activities of Infant Scale, and the questionnaire of the Brazilian Association of Research. Significant correlations were identified between motor performance and length (p=0.001) and current weight of the child (p=0.005). Regarding parenting practices, significant correlations were observed between the motor performance and with the child's postures during feeding (p≤0.002), bathing (p≤0.001), changes of clothes (p=0.024), sleep (p=0.035), being held (p=0.001), as well as with quiet (p=0.003) and active (p=0.024) play, and outside activities (p=0.004). The regression analysis showed significant model with changes in postures during feeding and child cleaning and change as well as the active play explained 79% of variance of motor performance (p<0.001). Opportunities to change postures during feeding, hygiene routine, active play, impact the acquisition of more sophisticated motor skills in the first two years of life.

Test of Gross Motor Development-3: Item Difficulty and Item Differential Functioning by Gender and Age with Rasch Analysis.

The assessment of motor proficiency is essential across childhood to identify children's strengths and difficulties and to provide adequate instruction and opportunities; assessment is a powerful tool to promote children's development. This study aimed to investigate the hierarchal order of the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) items regarding difficulty levels and the differential item functioning across gender and age group (3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 9 to 10 years old). Participants are 989 children (3 to 10.9 years; girls n = 491) who were assessed using TGMD-3. For locomotor skills, appropriate results reliability (alpha = 1.0), infit (M = 0.99; SD = 0.17), outfit (M = 1.18; SD = 0.64), and point-biserial correlations (rpb values from 0.14 to 0.58) were found; the trend was similar for ball skills: reliability (alpha = 1.0), infit (M = 0.99; SD = 0.13), outfit (M = 1.08; SD = 0.52); point-biserial correlations (rpb values from 0.06 to 0.59) were obtained. Two motor criteria: gallop, item-1, and one-hand forehand strike, item-4, were the most difficult items; in contrast, run, item-2, and two-hand catch, item-2, were the easiest items. Differential item functioning for age was observed in nine locomotor and ten ball skills items. These items were easier for older children compared to younger ones. The TGMD-3 has items with different difficulty levels capable of differential functioning across age groups.

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2: The Use of Rasch Analysis to Examine the Model Unidimensionality, Motor Function, and Item Difficulty.

The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2) is a valid and reliable instrument used in several countries, including Brazil, to assess gross and fine motor skills and identify motor deficits and eligibility for intervention for children with and without disabilities. However, the analysis of PDMS-2 items regarding the unidimensionality of the model, order of item difficulty, and whether the items portray the children's developmental trajectories still lacks investigation. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) analyze the unidimensionality of PDMS-2, (2) verify the model's capacity to explain the variance in the motor function responses, and (3) identify the level of difficulty of the items for Brazilian children. Children (n = 637; 51% girls) newborn to 71 months (M age = 21.7, SD = 18.6) were assessed using the PDMS-2. The Rasch analysis was conducted; the indexes of infit and outfit, and the point-biserial correlations coefficient were analyzed. The model unidimensionality was investigated using percentages of variance in the Rasch model (40% of variance). Results indicated that (1) for reflexes subscale, 62.5% of the items had correlations with the factor above 0.60, and two items had unadjusted infit and outfit; (2) for stationary subscale, 83.3% of the correlations of the items with the factor were above 0.50, and one item had unadjusted infit and outfit; (3) for locomotion subscale, 80.0% of the correlation of the items with the factor were above 0.50; all items had adequate infit and outfit; (4) for object manipulation subscale, 79.9% of the correlation of the items with the factor were above 0.50, and one item had unadjusted infit and outfit; (5) for grasping subscale, 92.3% of the correlation of the items with the factor were above 0.50, and one item had unadjusted infit and outfit; and (6) for the visual-motor integration subscale, 73.6% of the correlation of the items with the factor were above 0.50, and six items had unadjusted infit and outfit. The items with unadjusted fit were removed for further analysis. No changes in reliability and separation of items and people scores were observed without the unadjusted items; therefore, all items were maintained. A unidimensional model was found, and the reliability and discriminant capability of the items were adequate, and all items should be used to assess children. The PDMS-2 is appropriate for assessing Brazilian children.

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - Second Edition (PDMS-2): Reliability, content and construct validity evidence for Brazilian children.

BACKGROUND: The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - Second Edition (PDMS-2) has been used by health and educational professionals to assess the gross and fine motor skills of children with typical development, motor and/or cognitive delays, and disabilities. AIM: Investigate the validity and reliability of PDMS-2 for use in Brazil. METHODS: For content validity, 13 professionals participated in the study. For construct validity, a sample of 637 children from birth until 71 months (0-23 months: n = 399; 24-71 months: n = 238) was assessed with the PDMS-2. RESULTS: The PDMS-2 administered to the Brazilian population has psychometric characteristics equivalent to the original version. CONCLUSION: PDMS-2 is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Brazilian children's motor development and providing appropriate support for clinical and educational intervention plans and follow-ups.

Benefícios de uma intervenção motora para uma criança com meningocele: Um estudo de caso / Benefi ts of motor intervention for a child with meningocele: A case study

O objetivo deste estudo de caso foi verifi car os efeitos de uma intervenção motora na motricidade fina e ampla, no equilíbrio, na aptidão e nos níveis de atividade física, na percepção de competência e estado nutricional de uma criança de 5 anos com meningocele e hidrocefalia. A intervenção motora foi implementada com o Clima de Motivação para Maestria em um período de 16 semanas (32 aulas). Nas aulas foram oferecidas oportunidades de prática e atividades variadas com ênfase nas habilidades motoras fundamentais e de equilíbrio. Para avaliar a motricidade ampla, fi na, equilíbrio e aptidão física foram utilizados os testes Bruininks Ozeretzky ­ Second Edition (BOT-2), Test of Gross Motor Development ­ Second Edition (TGMD-2); para avaliar o nível de atividade física foi utilizado pedômetro em 3 aulas do programa interventivo na pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção; o índice de massa corporal foi utilizado para analisar o estado nutricional, classifi cado conforme as curvas do Center of Disease Control (DCD); para avaliar a percepção de competência foi utilizada a Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciam mudanças positivas na motricidade ampla e fi na, nos níveis de atividade física, na percepção de competência motora e no estado nutricional da criança. A intervenção motora foi efetiva em potencializar o desenvolvimento de uma criança com meningocele....(AU)

The objective of this case study was to investigate the eff ects of a motor intervention in fi ne and gross motor skills, balance, physical fi tness, physical activity levels, perceived competence and nutritional status of a child of fi ve years with meningocele and hydrocephalus. The motor intervention was implemented with the Mastery Motivational Climate in 16 weeks (32 lessons). Opportunities and varied motor station games of locomotor, manupulation and balance were off ered. To evaluate fi ne and gross motor skills, balance and physical fi tness were utilized Bruininks Ozeretzky Tests - Second Edition (BOT-2), Test of Gross Motor Development - Second Edition (TGMD-2); to assess the physical activity levels was used pedometer in 3 classes of interventional program in the pretest and posttest time ; body mass index was used to analyze the nutritional status, classifi ed as the curves of the Center of Disease Control (DCD); to assess the perceived competence was used Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Acceptance. The results of this study, showing positive changes in gross and fi ne motor skills, physical activity levels, perceived motor competence and nutritional status of children. Motor intervention was eff ective in enhancing the development of a child with meningocele....(AU)

VARIABLES THAT MAY EXPLAIN MOTOR PERFORMANCE CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH Development Coordination Disorder AND TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT / Variáveis que podem explicar mudanças no desempenho motor de crianças com desordem coordenativa desenvolvimental e desenvolvimento típico

ABSTRACT The aim this study is investigate the relations among important factors regarding to motor development, body mass index and daily activities of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder, at risk of DCD and typically developing children before and after an motor intervention. Participants were 48 children (5 to 7 year-old) designed in intervention group (n=24) and control group (n=24) assessed using the MABC-2, MABC-2 Checklist, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference. At pre test were found significant and positive correlation between motor development and BMI for all participants and for children with DCD. At the post test, for all children and for children in risk of DCD, significant and positive correlations were found between motor development and section B of check list. Intervention programs contribute to minimize the influence of risk factors in the achievement of motor proficiency of children with and without motor delays.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar associações entre o desempenho motor, estado nutricional e atividades cotidianas de crianças com Desordem Coordenativa Desenvolvimental, risco de DCD e desenvolvimento típico antes e após uma intervenção motora. Participaram do estudo 48 crianças (5 à 7 anos), distribuídas em grupo interventivo (n=24) e grupo controle (n=24) avaliadas com MABC-2, MABC-2 Checklist, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e circunferência abdominal . Na pré-intervenção correlações significativas e positivas foram encontradas entre desempenho motor e IMC para o total da amostra e para as crianças com DCD. Na pós-intervenção correlações significativas e positivas foram encontradas entre o desempenho motor e seção B do check-list para o total de crianças da amostra e para as crianças com risco de DCD do grupo interventivo. Programas interventivos contribuem para minimizar a influência de fatores prejudiciais para o alcance da proficiência motora de crianças com e sem atrasos motores.