Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso: an epidemiological study. / Síndrome de la Fragilidad y sarcopenia en ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del municipio de Sinop, Mato Grosso: un estudio epidemiológico.

OBJECTIVE: to relate Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify potential risk factors for frailty and sarcopenia. METHOD: this descriptive epidemiological study was conducted with 140 older adults in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The frailty phenotype was used for the assessment of Frailty Syndrome, and a physical assessment questionnaire with calf circumference measurement was used for the assessment of sarcopenia. RESULTS: regarding Frailty Syndrome, a higher percentage was observed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to those without the disease (p = 0.00). Concerning the presence of sarcopenia, older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus showed similar values, with no statistical significance (p = .74). Frailty Syndrome was associated with physical inactivity (95%CI: 3.29-56.55), age over 75 years (95%CI: 3.30- 27.82), low family income (95%CI: 1.80-50.98), and comorbidities (95%CI: 4.90-5.40). However, sarcopenia was associated with the presence of physical inactivity (95%CI: 1.26-10.44), low weight/ eutrophic (95%CI: 3.32-26.76), and malnutrition/nutritional risk (95%CI: 1.30-7.70) for older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: older adults with diabetes have a higher vulnerability to develop Frailty Syndrome, necessitating the adoption of preventive measures in primary healthcare.

Síndrome de la Fragilidad y sarcopenia en ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del municipio de Sinop, Mato Grosso: un estudio epidemiológico / Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso: an epidemiological study / Síndrome da Fragilidade e sarcopenia em idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2 do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso: um estudo epidemiológico

Objetivo: relacionar el Síndrome de la Fragilidad y la sarcopenia en ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2; e identificar los potenciales factores de riesgo para la fragilidad y sarcopenia. Método: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo realizado en 140 ancianos del municipio de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para evaluar el Síndrome de la Fragilidad se utilizó el fenotipo de fragilidad y para la evaluación de la sarcopenia el cuestionario de evaluación física con medida de la circunferencia de la pantorrilla. Resultados: en lo que se refiere al Síndrome de la Fragilidad se obtuvo un mayor porcentaje para ancianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cuando comparados con aquellos sin la enfermedad (p = 0,00). En relación a la presencia de sarcopenia, los ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 presentaron valores semejantes, sin significación estadística (p = 0,74). El Síndrome de la Fragilidad presentó asociación con: inactividad física (IC95%: 3,29-56,55); intervalo etario superior a 75 años (IC95%: 3,30-27,82); baja renta familiar (IC95%: 1,80-50,98); y, comorbilidades (IC95%: 4,9-5,4). Entre tanto, la sarcopenia fue asociada a la presencia de la inactividad física (IC95%: 1,26-10,44), al bajo peso/eutrófico (IC95%: 3,32- 26,76) y a la desnutrición/riesgo nutricional (IC95%: 1,30-7,70), en los ancianos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusión: los ancianos diabéticos tienen mayor vulnerabilidad para desarrollar el Síndrome de Fragilidad, lo que requiere la adopción de medidas preventivas en la atención primaria a la salud.

Objective: to relate Frailty Syndrome and sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify potential risk factors for frailty and sarcopenia. Method: this descriptive epidemiological study was conducted with 140 older adults in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The frailty phenotype was used for the assessment of Frailty Syndrome, and a physical assessment questionnaire with calf circumference measurement was used for the assessment of sarcopenia. Results: regarding Frailty Syndrome, a higher percentage was observed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to those without the disease (p = 0.00). Concerning the presence of sarcopenia, older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus showed similar values, with no statistical significance (p = .74). Frailty Syndrome was associated with physical inactivity (95%CI: 3.29-56.55), age over 75 years (95%CI: 3.30- 27.82), low family income (95%CI: 1.80-50.98), and comorbidities (95%CI: 4.90-5.40). However, sarcopenia was associated with the presence of physical inactivity (95%CI: 1.26-10.44), low weight/ eutrophic (95%CI: 3.32-26.76), and malnutrition/nutritional risk (95%CI: 1.30-7.70) for older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: older adults with diabetes have a higher vulnerability to develop Frailty Syndrome, necessitating the adoption of preventive measures in primary healthcare.

Objetivo: relacionar a Síndrome da Fragilidade e a sarcopenia em idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2; e identificar os potenciais fatores de risco para fragilidade e sarcopenia. Método: estudo epidemiológico descritivo realizado com 140 idosos do município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Para a avaliação da Síndrome da Fragilidade, utilizou-se o fenótipo de fragilidade, e, para a avaliação da sarcopenia, o questionário de avaliação física com medida de circunferência da panturrilha. Resultados: quanto à Síndrome da Fragilidade, obteve-se maior percentual para idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 quando comparado àqueles sem a doença (p = 0,00). Em relação à presença de sarcopenia, os idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresentaram valores semelhantes, sem significância estatística (p = 0,74). Síndrome da Fragilidade apresentou associação com inatividade física (IC95%: 3,29-56,55), faixa etária superior a 75 anos (IC95%: 3,30-27,82), baixa renda familiar (IC95%: 1,80-50,98) e comorbidades (IC95%: 4,9-5,4). Entretanto, a sarcopenia foi associada à presença da inatividade física (IC95%: 1,26-10,44), baixo peso/eutrófico (IC95%: 3,32-26,76) e desnutrição/risco nutricional (IC95%: 1,30-7,70) para os idosos com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusão: os idosos diabéticos têm maior vulnerabilidade para desenvolver a Síndrome de Fragilidade, requerendo a adoção de medidas preventivas na atenção primária à saúde.

Glycemic outcomes of people with diabetes mellitus in Brazilian primary health care.

Background: The capillary blood glucose monitoring program at home a challenge in primary health care. Therefore, it is fundamental to identify the glycemic control of people with diabetes mellitus through HBA1c and to analyze its associated factors. Objective: To identify the glycemic profile of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) through HbA1c and analyze factors associated. Materials & methods: Cross-sectional study developed in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Secondary data from the electronic health record of people registered in the Primary Health Care system were used. A sample of 3181 participants was obtained. People with HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have adequate glycemic control. For people aged ≥ 55 years, a less stringent target, < 8.0% (64 mmol/mol), was also considered. The odds ratio was the measure of effect analyzed with their respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Results: Adequate glycemic control with HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) was found in 44.8% of people and, when using the less rigid target, HbA1c < 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) for people aged ≥ 55 years-old, 70.6% had adequate glycemic control. Age and drug therapy were associated with adequate glycemic control (p < 0.001), which was more frequent among older people and those who used only metformin. Conclusion: The study shows that the achievement of adequate glycemic control is still a challenge, especially with regard to younger people and those who use insulin.

Self-Care and Resilience in People with Diabetes Mellitus in the COVID-19 Pandemic / Autocuidado e Resiliência em Pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus na Pandemia da COVID-19 / Autocuidado y Resiliencia en Personas con Diabetes Mellitus en la Pandemia del COVID-19

Abstract Isolation and social distancing imposed adjustments in the lifestyle of people with diabetes mellitus (DM), who are more likely to develop more severe forms of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-care and resilience in people with DM during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an observational-cross-sectional web survey with 1,475 Brazilian adults with DM. An instrument of sociodemographic and clinical variables and the DSC and CD-RISC 10 scales were used from March to October 2020. An increase in average resilience was observed with increasing age and that it was higher among proper self-care behaviors. The highest averages of resilience were found for men, with T2DM, under oral medication, no change in DM control during the pandemic, those who had telemedicine consultations, and were isolated. The development of resilience is suggested as a protective factor in clinical practice in DM.

Resumo O isolamento e o distanciamento social impuseram ajustes no estilo de vida de pessoas com diabetes mellitus (DM), que têm maiores chances de desenvolverem formas mais graves de COVID-19. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre autocuidado e resiliência em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Realizou-se um websurvey observacional-transversal com 1.475 brasileiros adultos com DM. Utilizou-se um instrumento de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e as escalas QAD e CD-RISC 10 entre março-outubro de 2020. Observou-se aumento na média de resiliência com o aumento da idade e que ela foi maior entre os comportamentos de autocuidado realizados de forma adequada. As maiores médias de resiliência foram para homens, com DM2, medicação via oral, sem mudança no controle do DM durante a pandemia, que tiveram contato com profissional de saúde por telemedicina e que ficaram isolados. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento da resiliência como fator de proteção na prática clínica em DM.

Resumen El aislamiento y distanciamiento social han definido el estilo de vida de las personas con diabetes mellitus (DM), quienes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar una forma más grave de COVID-19. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre el autocuidado y la resiliencia en personas con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Encuesta web observacional-transversal con 1475 adultos brasileños con DM. Se utilizó un instrumento de variables sociodemográficas-clínicas y las escalas QAD, CD-RISC 10 entre marzo-octubre 2020. Hubo un aumento de la resiliencia media con el aumento de la edad y que fue mayor entre las conductas de autocuidado adecuada. Los promedios de resiliencia más altos fueron, con DM2, medicación oral, sin control de DM durante una pandemia, tuvieron contacto con un profesional de salud a través de telemedicina y fueron aislados. El desarrollo de la resiliencia se sugiere como factor protector en la práctica clínica en DM.

Bolus versus continuous insulin infusion in immediate postoperative blood glucose control in liver transplantation: pragmatic clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of two insulin therapy techniques (continuous and intermittent infusion) in the blood glucose control of people who have undergone liver transplantation, in the immediate postoperative period. METHODS: The study was a prospective, open, pragmatic clinical trial with 42 participants, divided into two groups of 21 patients each, in the immediate postoperative period following liver transplantation. Participants in the Experimental Group and Control Group received continuous infusion and bolus insulin, respectively, starting at capillary blood glucose ≥150mg/dL. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the blood glucose reduction time to reach the target range between the Experimental Group and Control Group in the transplanted patients (p=0.919). No statistically significant differences regarding the presence of low blood glucose (p=0.500) and in the initial blood glucose value (p=0.345) were found. The study identified the final blood glucose value in postoperative intensive care unit lower and statistically significant in the continuous infusion pump group in relation to the Bolus Group (p<0.001). Additionally, the variation of blood glucose reduction was higher and statistically significant in the continuous method group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The continuous infusion method was more effective in the blood glucose control of patients in the postoperative period following liver transplantation. BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: RBR-9Y5tbp.

Efficacy of Cinnamon as an Adjuvant in Reducing the Glycemic Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Three-Month, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

The major aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of cinnamon as an adjuvant treatment in reducing glycemic levels in people with type 2 diabetes, compared to a placebo. The study was conducted between August and December 2019, with 160 people with type 2 diabetes, in five Primary Health Units, in Parnaíba, Brazil. Inclusion criteria were: persons of both genders using oral antidiabetic agents, with glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.0%, and between 18 and 80 years of age. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin levels after 90 days of intervention. Other biomarkers evaluated were fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and HOMA-IR index. Participants were divided equally into two groups of 80 individuals each, and were given 3 g capsules of either cinnamon or placebo to be taken in combination with their usual oral antidiabetic agents. After 90 days, participants in the cinnamon group had statistically significant reductions of 0.2% of glycated hemoglobin and 0.55 mmol/L of fasting venous glucose, when compared with the placebo group. Cinnamon reduced the glycemic measures of persons with type 2 diabetes, albeit with modest reductions. TRIAL: RBR-2KKB6D.

Bolus versus continuous insulin infusion in immediate postoperative blood glucose control in liver transplantation: pragmatic clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of two insulin therapy techniques (continuous and intermittent infusion) in the blood glucose control of people who have undergone liver transplantation, in the immediate postoperative period. Methods: The study was a prospective, open, pragmatic clinical trial with 42 participants, divided into two groups of 21 patients each, in the immediate postoperative period following liver transplantation. Participants in the Experimental Group and Control Group received continuous infusion and bolus insulin, respectively, starting at capillary blood glucose ≥150mg/dL. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the blood glucose reduction time to reach the target range between the Experimental Group and Control Group in the transplanted patients (p=0.919). No statistically significant differences regarding the presence of low blood glucose (p=0.500) and in the initial blood glucose value (p=0.345) were found. The study identified the final blood glucose value in postoperative intensive care unit lower and statistically significant in the continuous infusion pump group in relation to the Bolus Group (p<0.001). Additionally, the variation of blood glucose reduction was higher and statistically significant in the continuous method group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The continuous infusion method was more effective in the blood glucose control of patients in the postoperative period following liver transplantation. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-9Y5tbp

Mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis segundo a vulnerabilidade social / Premature mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases according to social vulnerability

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis constituem a maior carga de morbimortalidade no mundo sendo responsáveis por 63% das mortes globais. No Brasil, ainda representam a maior mortalidade do país. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar áreas de risco e proteção para a mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis segundo a vulnerabilidade social no município de Ribeirão Preto de 2010 a 2014. Tratou-se de estudo ecológico, quantitativo que por meio do método de varredura espacial calculou-se o risco relativo e intervalo de confiança de 95% segundo dados de vulnerabilidade social. Identificaram cinco áreas com significância estatística, sendo duas áreas de alto risco com predomínio de setores censitários classificados como vulnerabilidade baixa, vulnerabilidade média e vulnerabilidade alta em ambientes urbanos. E três áreas de proteção com predominância de setores censitários classificados como baixíssima vulnerabilidade. Foi possível identificar as áreas de risco ou proteção para a mortalidade prematura por DCNT pode contribuir para a elaboração de estratégias inovadoras efetivas na redução da carga destas doenças para o SUS.

Chronic non-communicable diseases constitute the highest burden of morbidity and mortality in the world and is responsible for 63% of deaths worldwide. In Brazil, they still represent the highest mortality in the country. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify areas of risk and protection for premature mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases according to social vulnerability in the city of Ribeirão Preto from 2010 to 2014. This was an ecological, quantitative study in which, through the method of spatial scanning, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval were calculated according to social vulnerability data. Five areas of statistical significance were identified, with two high-risk areas being predominantly of census sectors classified as low vulnerability, medium vulnerability, and high vulnerability in urban environments, and three protection areas with being predominantly of census sectors classified as extremely low vulnerability. It was possible to identify areas of risk or protection for premature mortality due to CNCDs, which can contribute to the development of effective innovative strategies to reduce the burden of these diseases for SUS.

Effectiveness of ginger in reducing metabolic levels in people with diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of ginge (Zingiber officinale) in reducing blood sugar and lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes. METHOD: a randomized and double-blind clinical trial conducted with people with type 2 diabetes in primary care facilities. The study included individuals aged between 20 and 80 years old, using oral antidiabetic drugs and with HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 10%. The participants were paired 1:1, allocated in two distinct groups, and randomized in blocks, based on their HbA1c levels. In the experimental group, the participants used 1.2g of ginger and, in the control group, 1.2g of placebo, daily for 90 days. The primary outcome was a reduction in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c, and the secondary outcome was a reduction in lipids and HOMA-IR. 103 individuals completed the study, 47 in the experimental group and 56 in the control group. RESULTS: the participants in the experimental group showed a greater reduction in the blood glucose and total cholesterol values compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: the use of ginger can help in the treatment of people with diabetes, and data support the inclusion of this herbal drug in the clinical practice of nurses. RBR-2rt2wy.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. METHODS: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used. RESULTS: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost. CONCLUSIONS: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

Resistance training improves the blood pressure and functional performance of individuals with t2dm / Treinamento resistido melhora a pressão arterial e o desempenho funcional de pessoas com dm2 / Entrenamiento resistido mejora la presión arterial y el desempeño funcional de las personas con dm2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies presenting the benefits in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) undergoing resistance training with one exercise for each muscle group, with three sets at the same intensity. Objective: To compare functional capacity and blood pressure before and after weight training. Methods: Twenty-three patients participated in a weight training program. Maximum strength and functional assessment tests were performed for the lower and upper limbs. The intervention time was 16 weeks, 12 of which consisted of training and four of evaluations. There was an increase in volume with the number of exercises and an increase in intensity with incremental weights. Results: There was significant improvement in most of the functional tests. In the 5x sit-to-stand test in the pre-training period, nine patients recorded times greater than 13.6 seconds. In the post-training period, four maintained the above time, but two reduced the time from 16.1 and 19.6 to 13.9 seconds. In the maximum load strength test there are a significant increase in both upper and lower limbs with 20.8% and 23.4%, respectively. After the training period, there was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure both at rest and after exercise. Conclusion: The weight training program improved muscle strength, functional capacity and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Level of evidence IV; Therapeutic study - Investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Estudos apresentando os benefícios em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) submetidas ao treinamento resistido com um exercício para cada grupo muscular com três séries na mesma intensidade. Objetivos: Comparar a capacidade funcional e a pressão arterial antes e após o treinamento com pesos. Métodos: Vinte e três pacientes participaram de um programa de treinamento com pesos. Foram realizados testes de força máxima para os membros inferiores e superiores e de avaliação funcional. O tempo de intervenção foi de 16 semanas, sendo 12 de treinamento e quatro de avaliações. Houve aumento do volume, com o número de exercícios, e da intensidade, com o incremento de pesos. Resultados: Houve melhora significativa na maioria dos testes funcionais. No teste de levantar-se da cadeira cinco vezes, no pré-treinamento, nove pacientes apresentaram tempo superior a 13,6 segundos. No pós-treinamento, quatro mantiveram o tempo acima, mas dois reduziram o tempo de 16,1 e 19,6 para 13,9 segundos. No teste de força de carga máxima, verificou-se aumento significativo tanto nos membros superiores quanto inferiores com 20,8% e 23,4%, respectivamente. Após o treinamento, verificou-se redução significativa da pressão arterial sistólica tanto em repouso quanto após o esforço. Conclusões: O programa de treinamento com pesos melhorou a força muscular, a capacidade funcional e a pressão arterial dos pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Nível de evidência IV; Estudo terapêutico - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Evaluación de los beneficios del entrenamiento resistido en personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) que realizaron un ejercicio para cada grupo muscular, con tres series en la misma intensidad. Objetivos: Comparar la capacidad funcional y la presión arterial antes y después del entrenamiento con pesos. Métodos: Veintitrés pacientes participaron en un programa de entrenamiento con pesos. Fueron realizados tests de fuerza máxima para los miembros inferiores y superiores y evaluación funcional. El tiempo de intervención fue de 16 semanas, 12 de entrenamiento y cuatro de evaluaciones. Hubo un aumento del volumen, con el número de ejercicios, y de la intensidad, con el aumento en pesos. Resultados: Hubo mejora significativa en la mayoría de los tests funcionales. En el test de levantarse de la silla cinco veces, en el pre-entrenamiento, nueve pacientes presentaron tiempo superior a 13,6 segundos. En el post-entrenamiento, cuatro mantuvieron el tiempo anterior, pero dos redujeron el tiempo de 16,1 y 19,6 a 13,9 segundos. En el test de fuerza de carga máxima, se verificó aumento significativo tanto en los miembros superiores como en los inferiores con 20,8% y 23,4%, respectivamente. Después del entrenamiento, se verificó reducción significativa de la presión arterial sistólica tanto en reposo como después del esfuerzo. Conclusiones: El programa de entrenamiento con pesos mejoró la fuerza muscular, la capacidad funcional y la presión arterial de los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudio terapéutico - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases / Evaluación de la mortalidad prematura para la enfermedad crónica no transmisible / Avaliação da mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. Methods: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used. Results: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost. Conclusions: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la mortalidad prematura y los Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo, de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal, utilizando fuente secundaria. Para el análisis, se utilizaron el coeficiente de mortalidad prematura y el indicador de Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: los hombres tuvieron la tasa de mortalidad prematura más alta debido a enfermedades cardiovasculares, con 213.04 muertes por cada 100 mil habitantes, seguidos de neoplasias, con 188.44. En las mujeres, hubo una inversión con 134.22 muertes por cáncer y 110.71 muertes por enfermedad cardiovascular. Con respecto a los posibles Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos, los hombres tenían un promedio de 12,19 años perdidos por muerte y las mujeres de 13,45 años perdidos. Conclusiones: los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de aumentar la prevención pública y las políticas de promoción de la salud para reducir las muertes prematuras, especialmente entre los hombres.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a mortalidade prematura e os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: estudo ecológico, de tendência temporal, utilizando-se fonte secundária. Para análise, utilizou-se o coeficiente de mortalidade prematura e indicador de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: o sexo masculino apresentou maior coeficiente de mortalidade prematura por doença cardiovascular, com 213,04 óbitos por 100 mil habitantes, seguido por neoplasias, com 188,44. Nas mulheres, houve uma inversão com 134,22 óbitos por neoplasias e 110,71 óbitos causados pelas doenças cardiovasculares. Em relação aos Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos, o sexo masculino apresentou média de 12,19 anos perdidos por óbito e o sexo feminino de 13,45 anos perdidos. Conclusões: os resultados reforçam a necessidade de incrementar políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde para redução de mortes prematuras, em especial dos homens.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases / Evaluación de la mortalidad prematura para la enfermedad crónica no transmisible / Avaliação da mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. Methods: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used. Results: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost. Conclusions: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la mortalidad prematura y los Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo, de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal, utilizando fuente secundaria. Para el análisis, se utilizaron el coeficiente de mortalidad prematura y el indicador de Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: los hombres tuvieron la tasa de mortalidad prematura más alta debido a enfermedades cardiovasculares, con 213.04 muertes por cada 100 mil habitantes, seguidos de neoplasias, con 188.44. En las mujeres, hubo una inversión con 134.22 muertes por cáncer y 110.71 muertes por enfermedad cardiovascular. Con respecto a los posibles Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos, los hombres tenían un promedio de 12,19 años perdidos por muerte y las mujeres de 13,45 años perdidos. Conclusiones: los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de aumentar la prevención pública y las políticas de promoción de la salud para reducir las muertes prematuras, especialmente entre los hombres.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a mortalidade prematura e os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: estudo ecológico, de tendência temporal, utilizando-se fonte secundária. Para análise, utilizou-se o coeficiente de mortalidade prematura e indicador de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: o sexo masculino apresentou maior coeficiente de mortalidade prematura por doença cardiovascular, com 213,04 óbitos por 100 mil habitantes, seguido por neoplasias, com 188,44. Nas mulheres, houve uma inversão com 134,22 óbitos por neoplasias e 110,71 óbitos causados pelas doenças cardiovasculares. Em relação aos Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos, o sexo masculino apresentou média de 12,19 anos perdidos por óbito e o sexo feminino de 13,45 anos perdidos. Conclusões: os resultados reforçam a necessidade de incrementar políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde para redução de mortes prematuras, em especial dos homens.

Effectiveness of ginger in reducing metabolic levels in people with diabetes: a randomized clinical trial / Efetividade do gengibre na redução de níveis metabólicos de pessoas com diabetes: ensaio clínico randomizado / Eficacia del jengibre en la reducción de los niveles metabólicos de personas con diabetes: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of ginge (Zingiber officinale) in reducing blood sugar and lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: a randomized and double-blind clinical trial conducted with people with type 2 diabetes in primary care facilities. The study included individuals aged between 20 and 80 years old, using oral antidiabetic drugs and with HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 10%. The participants were paired 1:1, allocated in two distinct groups, and randomized in blocks, based on their HbA1c levels. In the experimental group, the participants used 1.2g of ginger and, in the control group, 1.2g of placebo, daily for 90 days. The primary outcome was a reduction in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c, and the secondary outcome was a reduction in lipids and HOMA-IR. 103 individuals completed the study, 47 in the experimental group and 56 in the control group. Results: the participants in the experimental group showed a greater reduction in the blood glucose and total cholesterol values compared to the control group. Conclusion: the use of ginger can help in the treatment of people with diabetes, and data support the inclusion of this herbal drug in the clinical practice of nurses. RBR-2rt2wy

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do gengibre (Zingiber officinale) na redução de níveis glicêmicos e lipídicos de pessoas com diabetes tipo 2. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego, conduzido com pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, em unidades de atenção primária à saúde. Foram incluídos no estudo indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 80 anos, em uso de antidiabéticos orais e com valores de HbA1c entre 6,0% e 10%. Os participantes foram pareados de 1:1, alocados em dois grupos distintos e randomizados em blocos, com base nos valores de HbA1c. No grupo experimental os participantes usaram 1,2g de gengibre, e no grupo controle 1,2g de placebo, diariamente, durante 90 dias. Os desfechos primários foram a redução da glicemia venosa de jejum e HbA1c, e os secundários a redução dos lipídicos e HOMA-IR. 103 pessoas concluíram o estudo, encontrando-se 47 no grupo experimental e 56 no grupo controle. Resultados: os participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram melhor redução dos valores de glicemia e colesterol total, em comparação com o grupo controle. Conclusão: o uso do gengibre pode auxiliar o tratamento das pessoas com a diabetes, e os dados dão suporte para a inserção desse fitoterápico na prática clínica dos enfermeiros. RBR-2rt2wy

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del jengibre (Zingiber officinale) en la reducción de los niveles glucémicos y de lípidos en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado y doble ciego, realizado con personas con diabetes tipo 2 en unidades de atención primaria de salud. Se incluyeron en el estudio individuos con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 80 años, que utilizaban antidiabéticos orales y con valores de HbA1c entre 6,0% y 10%. Los participantes fueron comparados de forma equitativa (1:1), asignados a dos grupos distintos y aleatorizados en bloques, basados en sus valores de HbA1c. En el grupo experimental, los participantes utilizaron 1,2 g de jengibre, y en el grupo de control 1,2 g de placebo, diariamente durante 90 días. Los resultados primarios fueron la reducción de glucemia venosa en ayunas y de HbA1c, y los resultados secundarios fueron la reducción de lípidos y del índice HOMA-IR. El estudio contó con la participación de 103 personas, 47 en el grupo experimental y 56 en el grupo de control. Resultados: los participantes del grupo experimental presentaron una mayor reducción en los valores de glucosa y colesterol total, en comparación con el grupo de control Conclusión: el uso del jengibre puede ayudar en el tratamiento de personas con diabetes, y los datos respaldan la introducción de este fitoterapéutico en la práctica clínica de los enfermeros. RBR-2rt2wy

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus / Health-related quality of life of patients bearing diabetes mellitus / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes con el Diabetes Mellitus

Objetivo: Investigar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e parâmetros clínicos. Método: Estudo transversal, em Unidade de Saúde do interior paulista, em 2016. A amostra foi constituída de 73 pacientes com DM. Utilizou-se o Instrumento DQOL-Brasil, sobre satisfação, impacto, preocupações sociais e ou vocacionais e preocupações relacionadas ao DM. Resultados: Predominou a idade média de 62,7 anos, sexo feminino, casado e aposentado. A preocupação social vocacional apresentou a melhor pontuação para a qualidade de vida enquanto a satisfação, a pior. Para os pacientes com alteração da hemoglobina glicada, a qualidade de vida foi classificada como pior do que para aqueles sem alteração. Para aqueles com o valor hemoglobina glicada sem alteração, a melhor qualidade de vida foi para o domínio preocupação social vocacional e o pior, no domínio satisfação. Conclusão: Os resultados podem subsidiar estudos de intervenção e o planejamento das ações nos serviços de saúde

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health-related quality of life and clinical parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which was undertaken with 73 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a health unit of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) [Brazilian Unified Health System] in Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2016. The DQOL-Brazil questionnaire, which covers the domains of satisfaction, impact, social and/or vocational concerns, and concerns about diabetes mellitus, was used for data collection. Results: Most of the participants were female, married, and retired with an average age of 62.7 years old. The domain of vocational and/or social concerns had the best score for quality of life while satisfaction had the worst. The quality of life of patients with altered glycated hemoglobin levels was worse than that of patients without such alterations. For those with unchanged hemoglobin glycated levels, the domain of social and/or vocational concerns had the best quality of life scores while the domain of satisfaction had the worst. Conclusion: The results can help the development of intervention studies and strategic plans in health services

Objetivo: Investigar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) y parametros clinicos. Método: Estudio transversal, en Unidad de Salud del interior paulista, en 2016. La muestra fue constituida de 73 pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Se utilizó el Instrumento DQOL-Brasil, conteniendo cuatro dominios: satisfacción, impacto, preocupaciones sociales y / o vocacionales y preocupaciones relacionadas con el DM. Resultados: Edad media de 62,7 años, sexo femenino, casado y jubilado. El dominio de la preocupación social vocacional presentó la mejor puntuación para la calidad de vida mientras que el dominio de satisfacción, la peor. Para los pacientes con alteración de la hemoglobina glucosa, la calidad de vida fue clasificada como peor que para aquellos sin alteración. Para aquellos con el valor hemoglobina glucosa sin alteración, la mejor calidad de vida fue para el dominio preocupación social vocacional y el peor, en el dominio satisfacción. Conclusión: Los resultados pueden subsidiar estudios de intervención y la planificación de las acciones en los servicios de salud

Os determinantes sociais e a mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível: um scoping review / Social determinants and premature mortality for non-communicable chronic disease: a scoping review

Objective: to identify the scientific evidence available on the social determinants of health, related to premature mortality from non-transmisible chronic diseases.Method: this is a literature review study using the scoping review method, which was carried out from April 10 to July 12, 2020, in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) libraries. The stages of identification and selection of studies were used;data mapping; confrontation and discussion of results.Results: it was evident from the 13 articles analyzed, that premature mortality from chronic non-communicable disease is strongly related to social determinants of health, with emphasis on males, education and income.Conclusion: the results impose new challenges for health professionals to implement public policies and contribute to health surveillance, in relation to premature mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases.

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre os determinantes sociais da saúde, relacionados à mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Método: trata-se de um estudo de revisão da literatura utilizando o método scoping review, o qual foi realizado no período de 10 de abril a 12 de julho de 2020, nas seguintes bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health literature(CINAHL), e Web of Science e nas bibliotecas Scientific Electronic Library Online(SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram utilizadas as etapas de identificação e seleção dos estudos; mapeamento dos dados; confrontação e discussão dos resultados. Resultados: evidenciou-se, pelos 13 artigos analisados, que a mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível está fortemente relacionada aos determinantes sociais da saúde, com destaque ao sexo masculino, escolaridade e renda. Conclusão: os resultados impõem novos desafios aos profissionais de saúde para implementação de políticas públicas e contribuem para a vigilância em saúde, em relação a mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

Health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, associating it with socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical variables. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 92 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A form containing socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical variables was used, as well as the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youths questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: Regarding socio-demographic variables, economic class showed statistically significant differences in relation to total Health Related Quality of Life (p-value =0.02) and the impact domain (p-value =0.009). However, the impact domain was more compromised. Diabetes-related complications (p-value =0.004), number of hospitalizations (p-value =0.01), number of daily insulin injections (p-value =0.02), glycated hemoglobin (p-value =0.002) and triglycerides (p-value =0.03) were associated with greater impairment of quality of life related to total health and greater dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION: Single male adolescents with lower level of education and high glycated hemoglobin levels were more likely to have lower health-related quality of life.