Concordancia inter- e intraobservador del puntaje PI-RADS 2.1 del Colegio Americano de Radiología / Intraobserver and interobserver agreement of the American College of Radiology PI-RADS 2.1 score

Resumen Antecedentes: La resonancia magnética (RM) de próstata es uno de los métodos diagnósticos para la identificación del carcinoma de próstata. La escala PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System) es el sistema usado para la interpretación de estas imágenes. Es importante, para su reproducibilidad, la estandarización y la evaluación de dicha escala. Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia inter- e intraobservador de la versión 2.1 del PI-RADS. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, evaluando 129 RM de pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata por tres radiólogos con diferentes años de experiencia y en dos momentos del tiempo, usando el puntaje PI-RADS 2.1. Se evaluó la concordancia intra- e interobservador. Resultados: La concordancia interobservador fue sustancial (kappa > 0,6) en todos los observadores, siendo la categoría 5 la de mayor acuerdo interobservador. Se observó una alta reproducibilidad intraobservardor, con la mayor kappa siendo de 0,856. Cuando se realizó el análisis según años de experiencia de los radiólogos, la concordancia interobservador fue significativa en todos los casos. Conclusiones: El sistema de clasificación PI-RADS 2.1 es reproducible para las diferentes categorías y aumenta la concordancia cuando se trata de lesiones con mayor probabilidad de cáncer clínicamente significativo.

Abstract Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the prostate is a key diagnostic tool for identifying prostate carcinoma. The Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scale is the standard system for interpreting these images. Standardizing and evaluating this scale is crucial for ensuring consistent and reproducible results. Objective: This study aims to assess both the interobserver and intraobserver agreement of the PI-RADS version 2.1. Material and methods: In this retrospective observational study, 129 prostate MRI scans from patients with suspected prostate cancer were evaluated. Three radiologists, each with different levels of experience, analyzed these scans at two separate times using the PI-RADS 2.1 scoring system. Both intraobserver and interobserver agreements were measured. Results: The study found substantial interobserver agreement (kappa > 0.6) across all categories, with category 5 showing the highest level of agreement. Intraobserver reproducibility was also high, with the highest kappa value reaching 0.856. Further analysis based on the radiologists’ years of experience revealed significant interobserver agreement in all instances. Conclusions: The PI-RADS 2.1 classification system demonstrates high reproducibility across different categories, particularly for lesions more likely to be clinically significant cancers. This underscores its reliability in varied diagnostic scenarios.

Combustion Performance of Agropellets in an Experimental Fixed Bed Reactor versus a Commercial Grate Boiler. Validation of Ash Behavior.

Agrobiomass is presented as a suitable alternative to contribute to the fossil fuel decarbonization strategy at the European level. To achieve the ambitious objectives established in this regard: (i) new biomass resources need to be used and therefore initially tested in order to confirm its potential for different applications, such as energy production, and (ii) biomass supply capacity needs to be enlarged; therefore, agroindustries converted into Integrated Biomass Logistic Center (IBLC) can play a key role. In this research, eight different agropellets (blends of wheat straw and maize stalk with forestry wood) were produced in a IBLC and tested in a commercial boiler, comparing the results with previous ones obtained in a fixed bed reactor test campaign and to a base case (woody pellets). This paper includes both individual results in terms of bottom ash, deposition, and a final comparison of ash behavior in both facilities. All biofuels tested showed an adequate performance in terms of efficiency and emissions, being slightly better for the agropellets produced with wheat straw. Regarding sintering and deposition, the tendencies found in the reactor investigation were also observed in the commercial boiler. Moreover, the assessment of the results from the boiler and reactor's tests proved that reactor experiments are representative and may be used to test new biofuels more efficiently in terms of effort and time allocated and could be used to predict sintering and deposition phenomenon occurrence.

Risk of bias in dentistry-related randomized controlled trials in spanish language journals

Objectives: To assess the risk of bias (RoB) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in dental journals in the Spanish language. Methods: A systematic retrospective survey was conducted of all RCTs published from 1980 to 2019 in dentistry Spanish and Latin American journals. We extracted data and performed RoB assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: 292 RCTs published in 51 journals were included. The best-rated domains were incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other biases. The domains assessed with higher proportions of an unclear or high risk of bias were sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding of outcome assessment. There is a low proportion of RCTs published in Spanish language journals. However, the number has been increasing over the years, and the low risk of bias assessment rates across domains show an increasing trend. Conclusions: A low percentage of Spanish-language dental journals issue RCTs. Our assessment of these RCTs' RoB suggests higher difficulties in the design and conduction phase than in the posterior reporting stage.

Evidence gaps in orthognathic surgery, a Delphi study protocol

Aim: To assess the research gaps identified in a recent mapping review of orthognathic surgery through their evaluation by clinical experts, leading to a clinically relevant list of research gaps. This will guide future investigations of the topic, focusing on the outcomes of blood loss, infection, and relapse. Methods: The Delphi technique will be used to appraise the identified research gaps. The expert panel will include maxillofacial surgeons who regularly perform orthognathic surgery. Potential participants will be identified through various methods, including contact information from articles in the mapping review, nominations from peers, and social media platforms. Two rounds of surveys will be undertaken with Likert-type and open-ended questions to assess the clinical relevance of research gaps. For the second round, participants will receive a report of the results of the first round. Questions will be modified depending on the answers obtained in the first round. A consensus of 60% will be considered valid. Conclusions: Through this Delphi study, in a collaborative effort between researchers and clinical experts, a comprehensive understanding of the clinical relevance of research gaps in orthognathic surgery will be achieved. The outcomes will guide future investigations, ultimately improving the outcomes and practices in this field.

Label-Free Profiling of up to 200 Single-Cell Proteomes per Day Using a Dual-Column Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography Platform.

Single-cell proteomics (SCP) has great potential to advance biomedical research and personalized medicine. The sensitivity of such measurements increases with low-flow separations (<100 nL/min) due to improved ionization efficiency, but the time required for sample loading, column washing, and regeneration in these systems can lead to low measurement throughput and inefficient utilization of the mass spectrometer. Herein, we developed a two-column liquid chromatography (LC) system that dramatically increases the throughput of label-free SCP using two parallel subsystems to multiplex sample loading, online desalting, analysis, and column regeneration. The integration of MS1-based feature matching increased proteome coverage when short LC gradients were used. The high-throughput LC system was reproducible between the columns, with a 4% difference in median peptide abundance and a median CV of 18% across 100 replicate analyses of a single-cell-sized peptide standard. An average of 621, 774, 952, and 1622 protein groups were identified with total analysis times of 7, 10, 15, and 30 min, corresponding to a measurement throughput of 206, 144, 96, and 48 samples per day, respectively. When applied to single HeLa cells, we identified nearly 1000 protein groups per cell using 30 min cycles and 660 protein groups per cell for 15 min cycles. We explored the possibility of measuring cancer therapeutic targets with a pilot study comparing the K562 and Jurkat leukemia cell lines. This work demonstrates the feasibility of high-throughput label-free single-cell proteomics.

Modelado dinámico del fenómeno criminal en Colombia para la toma de decisiones de política pública / Dynamic modeling of the criminal phenomenon in Colombia for public policy decision making / Modelagem dinâmica do fenômeno criminoso na Colômbia para decisões de política pública

El presente artículo se originó en la necesidad de entender el crimen como una problemática pública, que debe ser analizada a partir de una hipótesis causal que explique el fenómeno delictivo en Colombia con una perspectiva social con diferentes enfoques teóricos, con el fin de establecer líneas de acción para la toma de decisiones de política pública que contribuyan a su reducción. En la primera parte, se presenta la hipótesis causal propuesta y se desarrollan cada uno de sus componentes. Posteriormente, se desarrolla un análisis descriptivo de las denuncias por tipo de delito y de la población privada de la libertad, en la que se identifica las diferencias y las similitudes en las condiciones socioeconómicas para los delitos de mayor incidencia. Por último, se desarrolla un modelo de simulación continua y se analiza el resultado de posibles estrategias de política pública. El resultado obtenido reflejó la necesidad de diseñar políticas públicas pluralistas, que apunten a la solucionar las causas de raíz del fenómeno del crimen, en torno a la construcción social y a la reducción de la impunidad.

This article arose from the need to understand crime as a public problem, which should be analyzed on the basis of a causal hypothesis that explains the criminal phenomenon in Colombia from a social perspective with different theoretical approaches, in order to establish lines of action for public policy decisions that contribute to its reduction. In the first part, the proposed causal hypothesis is presented and each of its components is developed. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis of the reports by type of crime and of the population deprived of liberty is developed, identifying the differences and similarities in the socioeconomic conditions for the crimes with the highest incidence. Finally, a continuous simulation model is developed and the result of possible public policy strategies is analyzed. The result obtained reflected the need to design pluralistic public policies aimed at solving the root causes of the crime phenomenon, in terms of social construction and the reduction of impunity.

Este artigo surgiu da necessidade de entender o crime como um problema público, que deve ser analisado com base em uma hipótese causal que explique o fenômeno criminoso na Colômbia a partir de uma perspectiva social com diferentes abordagens teóricas, a fim de estabelecer linhas de ação para decisões de política pública que contribuam para sua redução. Na primeira parte, é apresentada a hipótese causal proposta e cada um de seus componentes é desenvolvido. Posteriormente, é desenvolvida uma análise descritiva dos relatórios por tipo de crime e da população privada de liberdade, identificando as diferenças e semelhanças nas condições sócio-econômicas para os crimes mais comuns. Finalmente, um modelo de simulação contínua é desenvolvido e o resultado de possíveis estratégias de políticas públicas é analisado. O resultado obtido reflete a necessidade de elaborar políticas públicas pluralistas que visem resolver as causas profundas do fenômeno do crime, em termos de construção social e de redução da impunidade.

Efectividad de la política criminal colombiana hacia la prevención del delito / The Colombian Criminal Policy's Effectiveness Preventing Crime / Eficácia da política criminal colombiana para a prevenção do crime

Resumen El presente artículo desarrolla un análisis descriptivo cuantitativo sobre el desempeño del sistema a través del cual el Gobierno Colombiano implementa su política pública criminal: sistema judicial, penal y penitenciario. Este estudio no se realiza desde el punto de vista del derecho, sino desde la perspectiva de la evaluación de su efectividad, entendiendo la criminalidad como un problema social. El impacto de este artículo radica en la posibilidad de entender y abordar el fenómeno de la criminalidad desde un enfoque preventivo. Esto, al identificar un desequilibrio dinámico de los componentes del sistema que refuerza el problema, evidenciando deficiencias en la finalidad de la política criminal como política pública debería propender por la prevención del crimen y por el contrario refuerza un ciclo vicioso que incrementa impunidad. Este ciclo ha desgastado operativamente al Estado y ha generado un alto costo como resultado de los altos índices de criminalidad.

Abstract This article performs a descriptive, quantitative analysis of the performance of the system through which the Colombian Government implements its criminal public policy: judicial, criminal justice and penitentiary systems. This study is not performed from the point of view of law, but from a perspective evaluating its effectiveness, considering crime a social issue. This article impacts the possibility of understanding and facing the phenomenon of crime from a preventive approach. This, upon identifying a dynamic imbalance of the system's components, which strengthens the problem, shows deficiencies in the purpose of criminal policy as a public policy that promotes prevention and emphasizes a vicious cycle that increases impunity. This cycle has operationally worn-out the Government and has generated high costs as a result of high crime indices.

Resumo Este artigo desenvolve uma análise descritiva quantitativa sobre o desempenho do sistema por meio do qual o Governo colombiano implementa sua política pública criminal: sistema judicial, penal e penitenciário. Este estudo não é realizado do ponto de vista do direito, mas da perspectiva de avaliar sua eficácia, entendendo o crime como problema social. O impacto deste artigo reside na possibilidade de compreender e abordar o fenómeno do crime a partir de uma abordagem preventiva. Isto, ao identificar um desequilíbrio dinâmico dos componentes do sistema que reforça o problema, mostra deficiências na finalidade da política criminal como política pública que visa à prevenção e acentua um ciclo vicioso que aumenta a impunidade. Este ciclo desgastou operacionalmente o Estado e gerou um custo elevado em decorrência dos altos índices de criminalidade.

Taponamiento pericárdico asociado a minoxidil: un diagnóstico olvidado / Pericardial tamponade associated with minoxidil: a forgotten diagnosis

Resumen El derrame pericárdico es una acumulación excesiva de líquido en el espacio pericárdico, el cual se ha asociado al empleo crónico de minoxidil desde principios de su uso clínico; este es formulado comúnmente a pacientes con hipertensión arterial de difícil control y con enfermedad renal crónica asociada, por su efecto vasodilatador arterial y poco efecto sobre la circulación venosa. Se expone el caso de un paciente quien presentó clínica sugestiva de derrame pericárdico, el cual fue confirmado por imágenes (rayos X, tomografía y ecocardiografía) y quien además se encontraba en tratamiento de hemodiálisis crónica por enfermedad renal crónica secundaria a síndrome nefrótico. En la literatura existen algunos reportes de casos similares, pero no hay estudios con datos concluyentes que permitan establecer un porcentaje claro de asociación ni la causa de esta enfermedad. Con este reporte de caso se busca aumentar la sospecha diagnóstica de esta asociación para que otros clínicos tengan este posible diagnóstico en mente, una vez se hayan descartado otras etiologías adicionales y puedan suspender a tiempo la medicación a fin de evitar desenlaces catastróficos como el taponamiento pericárdico.

Abstract Pericardial effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space and has been associated with the long-term use of minoxidil from the beginning of its clinical use. It is commonly prescribed to patients with difficult to control arterial hypertension and associated chronic kidney disease due to it arterial vasodilator effects and little effect of the venous circulation. A case is presented on a patient who had a clinical picture suggestive of a pericardial effusion, which was confirmed by imaging tests (X-ray, tomography, and cardiac ultrasound). She was also on long-term haemodialysis treatment due to chronic kidney disease secondary to a nephrotic syndrome. There are reports of similar cases in the literature, but there are no studies with conclusive data that may help to establish a clear percentage association or the cause of the disease. This case report seeks to increase the diagnostic suspicion of this association so that other clinicians may have this possible diagnosis in mind, once they have ruled out any other. They can then stop the medication on time in order to prevent catastrophic outcomes like pericardiac tamponade.

GPlates dataset for the tectonic reconstruction of the Northern Andes-Caribbean Margin.

This contribution contains a GPlates digital reconstruction of the northern Andes and southern Caribbean margin for the last 90 Ma. It is built using different strain datasets fully described in "Continental Margin Response to Multiple Arc-Continent Collisions: the Northern Andes-Caribbean Margin" [1]. Two digital reconstructions are included here: one is a rigid block reconstruction, and the other is a continuously closing polygon reconstruction digitized every one -million years. We placed the South and North American plates at the root of the reconstruction tree, so that the Andean blocks move with respect to the former, and the Caribbean Plate, and related intra-oceanic arcs with respect to the latter. These reconstructions can be used as templates to place in palinspastic space any dataset that can be represented by lines or points.

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes del servicio de hospitalización domiciliaria de una institución de nivel tres en el Valle de Aburrá, 2015 / Epidemiological profile of patients from the home hospitalization service of a level 3 institution in the Aburrá Valley, 2015 / Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados no serviço de internação domiciliar de uma instituição de nível três no Valle de Aburrá, 2015

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes remitidos al servicio de hospitalización domiciliaria por una institución de tercer nivel en el Valle de Aburrá, en 2015. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal de los pacientes atendidos (n = 4956 pacientes y 109 032 registros). La fuente de información corresponde a la base de datos del servicio de atención domiciliaria durante el año 2015 de una institución de nivel tres en el Valle de Aburrá. Se determinó la distribución por edad, sexo, tipo de patología, ubicación espacial y tipo de manejo del tratamiento. Resultados: El servicio se prestó en su mayoría a mujeres (55 %) cuya edad oscilaba entre los 50 y 90 años. Los pacientes provenían principalmente de los estratos 1, 2 y 3, pertenecientes al régimen contributivo. Las cuatro principales patologías son: enfermedades de la piel y el tejido subcutáneo (cie-10 L00-L99, 32 %) asociadas con el manejo de heridas quirúrgicas, enfermedades del aparato genitourinario (cie-10 N00-N99, 21 %), enfermedades respiratorias (cie-10 J00-J99, 18 %) y las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (cie-10 A00-B99, 7 %). Conclusiones: La hospitalización domiciliaria en el Valle de Aburrá se orienta hacia el cuidado del adulto mayor, en especial a mujeres mayores de 50 años, para las cuales, en su mayoría, su plan de manejo es mediante el suministro de antibióticos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients referred to the home hospitalization service by a level 3 institution in the Aburrá Valley, in 2015. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study of treated patients (n = 4956 patients and 109 032 records). The source of information corresponds to the 2015 database of the home care service of a level 3 institution in the Aburrá Valley. Distribution was determined by age, sex, type of pathology, spatial location and type of treatment management. Results: The service was provided mostly to women (55%) with ages between 50 and 90 years. Patients came mainly from socioeconomic strata 1, 2 and 3, belonging to the contributory regime. The four main pathologies are: skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (CIE-10 L00-L99, 32%) associated with management of surgical wounds, genitourinary system diseases (CIE-10 N00-N99, 21%), respiratory diseases (CIE-10 J00-J99, 18%) and infectious and parasitic diseases (CIE-10 A00-B99, 7%). Conclusions: Home hospitalization in the Aburrá Valley focuses in the care of the elderly, especially women over 50, whose management plan involves the supply of antibiotics in the majority of cases.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes encaminhados para serviços de assistência domiciliar por uma instituição de nível três no Valle de Aburrá em 2015. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de pacientes tratados (n = 4956 pacientes e 10,032 registros). A fonte de informação corresponde ao banco de dados do serviço de assistência domiciliar durante o ano de 2015 de uma instituição de nível três no Valle de Aburrá. A distribuição foi determinada por idade, sexo, tipo de patologia, localização espacial e tipo de tratamento. Resultados: O serviço foi prestado principalmente para mulheres (55%) cuja idade variou entre 50 e 90 anos. Os pacientes vieram principalmente dos estratos 1, 2 e 3, pertencentes ao regime contributivo. As quatro principais patologias são doenças da pele e do tecido subcutâneo (ICD- 10 L00-L99, 32%) associada com o tratamento de feridas cirúrgicas, doenças do trato geniturinário (ICD-10 N00-N99, 21%), Doenças respiratórias (CID-10 J00-J99, 18%) e doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (CID-10 A00-B99, 7%). Conclusões: A internação domiciliar no Valle de Aburrá é voltada para o cuidado do idoso, principalmente de mulheres com mais de 50 anos, para quem, em sua maioria, o plano de manejo é por meio do fornecimento de antibióticos.

Breast hemangioma in a male patient: Report of a case.

Breast hemangioma is a rare benign tumor in female and extremely rare in males. They are part of vascular tumors. Here, we described the case of a male patient who had a breast hemangioma for 30 years that was diagnosed incidentally in a thorax and abdomen tomography. We briefly review epidemiology, histopathology, clinical, and imaging findings related to breast hemangioma.

Fragile X syndrome and connective tissue dysregulation.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, and it is an X-linked disorder in which there is a deficiency of the fragile X mental retardation 1 protein. This protein is crucial in regulating translation of mRNAs related to dendritic maturation and cognitive development. The phenotype of FXS is characterized by neurobehavioral alterations, social deficits, communication difficulties, and findings which suggest an alteration of connective tissue, especially in the ligaments and muscles, cardiovascular system and genitourinary system. Connective tissue connects and supports all other tissues of the body and is composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Several proteins have been involved in the connective tissue abnormalities associated with the FXS, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9, which plays an important role in the homeostasis of the ECM, being a potential therapeutic target for certain tetracycline antibiotics that have shown beneficial effects in FXS. Here, we review connective tissue problems described in FXS.

Uso de aislamiento absoluto con dique de goma en tratamientos restaurativos por rehabilitadores orales en el departamento de Antioquia / Use of absolute isolation with rubber dam in restorative treatments by oral rehabilitators in the department of Antioquia / Uso de isolamento absoluto com represa de borracha em tratamentos reativos por reabilitadores oral no departamento de Antioquia

Resumen Introducción y Objetivo: El aislamiento absoluto del campo operatorio con dique de goma (DG), es esencial para el resultado exitoso del tratamiento endodóntico y restaurador. A la fecha, no existe evidencia científica que soporte su uso entre rehabilitadores orales. Los propósitos de este estudio fueron: determinar la frecuencia del uso de DG como método de aislamiento absoluto, identificar que variables sociodemográficas influenciaron su uso y conocer las principales razones de su uso o no por rehabilitadores orales del departamento de Antioquia durante los procedimientos restaurativos. Materiales y métodos: Una encuesta autodiligenciable con 17 preguntas fue hecha a 77 rehabilitadores orales. Un análisis estadístico descriptivo univariado y bivariado utilizando la prueba de chi cuadrado de Pearson fue utilizado para determinar la asociación entre los factores demográficos y el uso o no del DG (P <0.05). Resultados: En general, la prevalencia del uso del DG fue de 89,6% intervalo de confianza (IC) 95% (82,8%- 96,4%), siendo mayor en el sector posterior 61,1%, seguido por 55,9% en el sector anterior, 19,5% cementación de postes y 14,3% en la elaboración de postes. Mientras la falta de tiempo con 44,2% y no ver la necesidad 28,6%, fueron las razones más prevalentes para omitir el uso del DG; el control de la humedad con 81,8% y mejorar la adhesión 71,4%, justificaron su uso. La experiencia clínica fue la única variable que influenció el uso del DG (P = 0.03). Conclusión: El uso de DG fue más frecuente para el sector posterior que el anterior, y frecuentemente omitido para la elaboración y cementación de postes.

Abstract Introduction and Objective: The absolute isolation of the operative field with rubber dam (DG), is essential for the successful outcome of the endodontic and restorative treatment. To date, there is no scientific evidence to support its use among oral rehabilitators. The purposes of this study were: to determine the frequency of the use of DG as a method of absolute isolation, to identify which socio-demographic variables influenced its use, and to know the main reasons for its use or not by oral rehabilitators of the department of Antioquia during the restorative procedures. Materials and methods: A self-diligent survey with 17 questions was done to 77 oral rehabilitators. A descriptive uni-variate and bivariate statistical analysis using Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the association between demographic factors and the use or not of the DG (P <0.05). Results: In general, the prevalence of the use of the DG was 89.6% confidence interval, 95% (82.8% - 96.4%), being higher in the posterior sector 61.1%, followed by 55.9% in the previous sector, 19.5% post cementation and 14, 3% in the development of posts. Meanwhile, the lack of time with 44.2% and not seeing the need 28.6%, were the most prevalent reasons for omitting the use of the DG; the humidity control with 81.8% and improve the adhesion 71.4%, justified its use. Clinical experience was the only variable that influenced the use of DG (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The use of DG was more frequent for the posterior sector than the previous one, and frequently omitted for the elaboration and cementation of posts.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivo: O isolamento absoluto do campo operatório com o dique de borracha (DG) é essencial para o sucesso do tratamento endodôntico e restaurador. Até o momento, não há evidências científicas para apoiar seu uso entre reabilitadores orais do departamento de Antioquia. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: Determinar a frequência do uso de GD como método de isolamento absoluto, identificar quais variáveis sociodemográficas estão sendo utilizadas e conhecer as principais razões para seu uso ou não por reabilitadores orais da comunidade do Departamento de Antioquia, durante os procedimentos restaurativos. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito auto-diligente com 17 questões a 77 reabilitadores orais. Uma análise estatística descritiva univariada e bivariada, utilizando o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, foi utilizada para determinar a associação entre fatores demográficos e o uso ou não do GD. (P<0,05). Resultados: Em geral, a prevalência do uso do GD foi de 89,6% de intervalo de confiança, 95% (82,8% - 96,4%), sendo maior no setor subsequente 61,1%, seguido por 55,9% no setor anterior, 19,5% pós-cimentação e 14, 3% no desenvolvimento de posts. Enquanto isso, a falta de tempo com 44,2% e não a necessidade de 28,6%, foram os motivos mais prevalentes para omitir o uso do GD; o controle de umidade com 81,8% e melhora a adesão de 71,4%, justificou seu uso. A experiência clínica foi a única variável que influenciou o uso de GD (P= 0,03). Conclusão: O uso de GD foi mais frequente para o setor posterior do que o anterior, e freqüentemente omitido para a elaboração e cimentação de postes.

Riesgo de hemorragia postquirúrgica en pacientes bajo tratamiento antitrombótico sometidos a cirugía oral: Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis / Risk of postsurgical hemorrhage in patients with antitrombotic treatment undergoing oral surgery: A systematic review and Metanalysis

RESUMEN: Introducción: el objetivo de esta revisión fue determinar el riesgo de hemorragia postoperatoria en pacientes con tratamiento anticoagulante oral (TACO) sometidos a cirugía oral que no suspenden su tratamiento comparado con quienes lo modifican o suspenden. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en CENTRAL, Medline y EMBASE, junto con una revisión manual de revistas especializadas y resúmenes de la IADR. Dos revisores realizaron la selección de estudios, evaluación de riesgo de sesgo y extracción de datos de forma independiente. Se seleccionaron los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que miden la aparición de hemorragias en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos orales con TACO en comparación con un grupo que interrumpió o modificó su terapia. Resultados: Solo 5 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión (549 pacientes). El metanálisis mostró que el mantenimiento de la TACO no aumenta el riesgo de hemorragia postoperatoria (riesgo relativo: 1,41 [0,93 - 2,16], IC del 95% p = 0,11) en comparación con la interrupción del tratamiento. Conclusión: Aunque se encontró una mayor cantidad de hemorragia postoperatoria en pacientes con TACO comparado con quienes lo interrumpieron o modificaron, esta diferencia no fue estadística ni clínicamente significativa. Por lo tanto, TACO no debe suspenderse en pacientes sometidos a cirugía oral.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This systematic review aims to determine the postoperative bleeding risk in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) undergoing oral surgical procedures when continuing with the treatment, compared with those modifying or discontinuing the treatment. Materials and methods: A search was performed using CENTRAL, Medline and EMBASE, in conjunction with a manual review of indexes of specialized journals and abstracts of the IADR. Study selection, assessments of risk of bias and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Randomized clinical trials measuring the occurrence of bleeding in patients on OAT undergoing oral surgical procedures compared with a group discontinuing or modifying their therapy were selected. Results: A total of 5 studies were included based on inclusion criteria (549 patients). The meta-analysis showed that the maintenance of OAT does not increases the risk of postoperative bleeding (relative risk [RR] 1.41 [0.93 - 2.16]; 95% CI p= 0,11) compared with the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion: Although a larger quantity of oral postoperative bleeding episodes were found in patients continuing with OAT compared with patients discontinuing or modifying their therapy, this difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant. Therefore, OAT should not be discontinued in patients undergoing oral surgery.

Identification and description of controlled clinical trials in Spanish language dental journals.

BACKGROUND: To identify controlled clinical trials (CCTs) published in Spanish and in Latin American dental journals, and provide access to this body of evidence in a single source. METHODS: Handsearching, following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, of CCTs published in Spanish dental journals from Spain and Latin America. For each eligible trial, we collected the dental specialty, the interventions evaluated, whether and how randomisation was achieved, and the corresponding bibliographic reference. RESULTS: We handsearched 107 journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish. Over 17 051 articles, 244 (1.43%) were CCTs. These studies focused mainly on periodontics (70, 29.0%) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (66, 27.0%), assessing mostly pharmacological interventions (112, 46.0%). One hundred fifty-three studies (62.7%) used a random allocation of participants to study arms. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of dental journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish language present original research relevant to inform clinical practice. These journals are not indexed in the major electronic databases. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: References to the identified CCTs are now available in CENTRAL, the Cochrane Collaboration repository for these studies. We call for adherence to the CONSORT statement in dentistry to improve reporting of CCTs in journals published in Spanish language.

Left inferior vena cava with nutcracker syndrome: A case report.

Nutcracker syndrome is a condition where there is compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery causing symptoms. Here, we describe the case of a female patient who had symptoms secondary to the compression of a left inferior vena cava between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery causing a nutcracker syndrome. We will review the etiology, embryology, and imaging of the inferior vena cava and nutcracker syndrome.

Imágenes por resonancia magnética en hepatocarcinoma difuso. Presentación de dos casos / Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Diffuse Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Two-Case Report

Propósito: Describir los hallazgos imagenológicos por resonancia magnética (RM) del hepatocarcinoma difuso, revisar las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos en pruebas de laboratorio. Metodología: Se analizan los hallazgos imagenológicos de dos pacientes con diagnósticos de hepatocarcinoma difuso. Resultados: El primer caso es una paciente de 71 años de edad a quien se le realizó una RM de abdomen que evidenció un hepatocarcinoma difuso, con invasión de la vena hepática derecha y de la vena cava intrahepática, con extensión hasta la aurícula derecha. El segundo, se trata de una paciente de 59 años de edad, con hepatopatía crónica y signos de hipertensión portal. Se diagnosticó un carcinoma hepatocelular difuso con infiltración de la vena cava inferior, trombo tumoral en la vena porta e infiltración de la vía biliar. Conclusión: Es de gran importancia para el radiólogo familiarizarse con los hallazgos por RM del hepatocarcinoma difuso y, de este modo, realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos.

Purpose: To describe the MRI findings in diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma and to review the clinical manifestations and laboratory test results. Methods: Abdominal MRI was performed in two patients with confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: The first case is a 71-yearold female who underwent MR imaging of the abdomen demonstrating diffuse hepatocarcinoma with invasion to the right hepatic vein, intrahepatic vena cava and extension into the right atrium. The second case is a 59-year-old female with chronic hepatic disease and portal hypertension. A diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed with invasion to the inferior vena cava, tumoral thrombus of the portal vein and involvement of the bile ducts. Conclusion: In order to make an early diagnosis and provide opportune treatment, radiologists must be familiarized with MRI findings of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma such as those presented in our report.

Melanoma oral: importancia de un diagnóstico temprano: un caso clínico / Oral melanoma: importance of an early diagnosis: a case report

RESUMEN: Las lesiones pigmentadas malignas en la mucosa oral son de escasa frecuencia, pero de altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, siendo de mal pronóstico a pesar de agresivos tratamientos que pueden combinar grandes resecciones quirúrgicas con quimioterapia y radioterapia. Dado este escenario, la conducta clínica asociada a la pesquisa de lesiones pigmentadas es la biopsia inmediata para la confirmación o descarte de patología maligna y con ello un inicio temprano de tratamiento. Este artículo trata de una paciente recibida en un hospital público aproximadamente seis meses posteriores a las primeras manifestaciones de una lesión pigmentada en mucosa maxilar, que luego de confirmado el diagnóstico de una lesión maligna fue derivada y manejada por un equipo oncológico del mismo centro.

ABSTRACT: Pigmented malignant oral mucosa lesions are infrequent, but with high rates of morbidity and mortality, and have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatments that can combine large surgical resection with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given this scenario, the clinical conduct associated with pigmented lesions is the immediate biopsy to confirm or rule out the disease and thus the early initiation of treatment. This article is about a patient attended in a public hospital about six months after the first signs of an injury to maxillary mucosa, which then confirmed the diagnosis of a malignant lesion, who was referred and treated by a cancer team of the same center.

Asociación del tejido adiposo epicárdico con la fibrilación auricular y su pronóstico posterior a la ablación de venas pulmonares / Association of epicardial adipose tissue with atrial fibrillation and prognosis following pulmonary vein ablation

Resumen Introducción: la acumulación de tejido adiposo epicárdico se asocia con obesidad y aumento en la prevalencia, severidad y recurrencia posteriores a la ablación de la fibrilación auricular. Dentro de los mecanismos implicados se considera un estado proinflamatorio que lleva al remodelamiento estructural de la aurícula y a la alteración en las propiedades electrofisiológicas de los miocitos auriculares. Hasta la fecha no se ha estudiado este fenómeno en Colombia. Objetivo: demostrar esta asociación en un grupo de pacientes de nuestra población a quienes se les realizó ablación de venas pulmonares por radiofrecuencia. Materiales y métodos: se revisaron 170 angiotomografías de corazón realizadas previamente a la ablación de venas pulmonares en pacientes con antecedente de fibrilación auricular. Los pacientes con datos incompletos fueron excluidos para el análisis, 94 fueron analizados. Se cuantificó el grosor del tejido adiposo epicárdico y en conjunto con el índice de masa corporal se analizó su relación con los subtipos de fibrilación auricular, así como recaídas luego de la ablación. Resultados: la mayoría de la población se encontró con sobrepeso y obesidad. Tanto los pacientes obesos como aquellos con sobrepeso, tuvieron significativamente grosor mayor de tejido adiposo epicárdico total respecto a los pacientes con índice de masa corporal normal (p = 0,01). El grosor de la grasa epicárdica fue significativamente mayor en fibrilación auricular persistente respecto a la fibrilación auricular paroxística (p = 0,01). En los pacientes que presentaron recaídas no se observó una diferencia significativa pero sí una tendencia a tener mayor tejido adiposo epicárdico total (p = 0,08). El aumento del tamaño auricular se relacionó en forma significativa con el grosor del tejido adiposo epicárdico (p = 0,05). En el análisis de regresión logística multivariable mantuvo esta relación. Conclusiones: el aumento del tejido adiposo epicárdico se relaciona de manera independiente con el sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como con la severidad y el pronóstico de la fibrilación auricular. Deben hacerse estudios prospectivos de cohortes en los que se evalúe y establezcan valores de corte normales para nuestra población, al igual que seguimiento a largo plazo de la evolución posterior a ablación de venas pulmonares y a intervenciones como disminución de peso.

Abstract Introduction: Accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue is associated with obesity and an increase of prevalence, severity and recurrence following ablation of atrial fibrillation. Within the implicated mechanisms, a proinflammatory state is considered when it leads to the structural remodelling of the atrium and to the alteration of the electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes. So far this phenomenon has not been studied in Colombia. Motivation: To prove the association in a group of patients of our population who underwent radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary veins. Material and methods: 170 coronary CT angiographies were reviewed prior to the pulmonary vein ablation in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from the analysis, 94 were analysed. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness and body mass index were measured, and their relationship with atrial fibrillation subtypes was assessed, as well as relapses following the ablation. Results: Most participants were overweight or obese. Both obese and overweight patients had a significantly thicker total epicardial adipose tissue than those with a normal body mass index (p = 0.01). The thickness of epicardial fat was significantly higher in persistent atrial fibrillation in comparison with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01). Patients with relapses did not show a significant difference but they did have a higher tendency to greater total epicardial adipose tissue. The increase in atrial size was significantly relates to the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (p = 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis kept this relationship. Conclusions: The increase in epicardial adipose tissue is independently related to being overweight and obese, as well as to severity and prognosis of atrial fibrillation. Prospective cohort studies must be conducted where normal cut-off values for our population group are assessed and established, and the long-term progress following pulmonary vein ablation and other procedures such as weight loss surgery is followed.