Outcomes of Patient Education in Nurse-led Clinics: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Patient education is an independent role of nurses performed in nurse-led clinics (NLCs). The measurement of patient education outcomes validates whether nursing educational interventions have a positive effect on patients, which helps determine whether changes in care are needed. Standardized nursing terminologies facilitate the evaluation of educational outcomes. We aimed to explore the outcomes of patient education in NLCs based on the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) system. Methods: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched "Medline", "Embase", "Web of Science", and "Scopus" databases for articles published between 2000 and 2022. Based on the search strategy, 1157 articles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. After excluding the duplicates, 978 articles were appraised. 133 articles remained after reading the titles and abstracts of the articles. In the next step, the articles were evaluated regarding methodology, research population, and exclusion criteria, after which 112 articles were omitted, and finally, 21 articles were included in the full-text review. We assessed all included studies using the Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies checklist. Results: A total of 21 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. "Physiologic health", "functional health", "psychosocial health", "health knowledge and behavior", and "perceived health" were the domains of nursing outcomes investigated as Patient Education Outcomes in NLCs. Conclusion: Most of the outcomes were linked to lifestyle-related chronic diseases and, further studies are needed to determine the effects of patient education provided in NLCs in terms of family/society health outcomes.

Revolutionizing cancer monitoring with carbon-based electrochemical biosensors.

Cancer monitoring plays a critical role in improving patient outcomes by providing early detection, personalized treatment options, and treatment response tracking. Carbon-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged in recent years as a revolutionary technology with the potential to revolutionize cancer monitoring. These sensors are useful for clinical applications because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response, and compatibility with miniaturized equipment. This review paper gives an in-depth look at the latest developments and the possibilities of carbon-based electrochemical sensors in cancer surveillance. The essential principles of carbon-based electrochemical sensors are discussed, including their structure, operating mechanisms, and critical qualities that make them suited for cancer surveillance. Furthermore, we investigate their applicability in detecting specific cancer biomarkers, evaluating therapy responses, and detecting cancer recurrence early. Additionally, a comparison of carbon-based electrochemical sensor performance measures, including sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and limit of detection, is presented in contrast to existing monitoring methods and upcoming technologies. Finally, we discuss prospective tactics, future initiatives, and commercialization opportunities for improving the capabilities of these sensors and integrating them into normal clinical practice. The review highlights the potential impact of carbon-based electrochemical sensors on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, as well as the importance of ongoing research, collaboration, and validation studies to fully realize their potential in revolutionizing cancer monitoring.

Natural waste-derived nano photocatalysts for azo dye degradation.

Due to their widespread application in water purification, there is a significant interest in synthesising nanoscale photocatalysts. Nanophotocatalysts are primarily manufactured through chemical methods, which can lead to side effects like pollution, high-energy usage, and even health issues. To address these issues, "green synthesis" was developed, which involves using plant extracts as reductants or capping agents rather than industrial chemical agents. Green fabrication has the benefits of costs less, pollution reduction, environmental protection and human health safety, compared to the traditional methods. This article summarises recent advances in the environmentally friendly synthesis of various nanophotocatalysts employed in the degradation of azo dyes. This study compiles critical findings on natural and artificial methods to achieve the goal. Green synthesis is constrained by the time and place of production and issues with low purity and poor yield, reflecting the complexity of plants' geographical and seasonal distributions and their compositions. However, green photocatalyst synthesis provides additional growth opportunities and potential uses.

Unveiling the interactions between biomaterials and heterocyclic dyes: A sustainable approach for wastewater treatment.

The present Review investigates the interactions between biomaterials and heterocyclic dyes, focusing on their potential application in sustainable wastewater treatment. Heterocyclic dyes are widely used in various industries, resulting in their widespread presence in wastewater, posing environmental challenges. This review explores the utilization of biomaterials as adsorbents for the removal of heterocyclic dyes from contaminated water sources. The interactions between biomaterials, such as cellulose, microfibrilated cellulose and lignin and different heterocyclic dyes are examined through reported experimental analysis and characterization techniques. The study evaluates the adsorption capacity, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the biomaterial-dye systems to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the treatment process. The review highlight the promising potential of biomaterial-based approaches for sustainable wastewater treatment, providing insights for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly dye removal technologies.

An investigation into the relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association between diet, symptoms and health related quality of life in children and young people with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is not clearly understood. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to explore the evidence for a relationship between nutritional status, dietary intake, arthritis symptoms, disease activity and health-related quality of life in children and young people with JIA considering both observational and interventional studies separately. METHOD: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched in October 2019, updated in September 2020 and October 2021. Searches were restricted to English language, human and age (2-18 years old). Studies were included if they measured the effect of dietary supplements, vitamins or minerals, or diet in general, on quality of life and/ or arthritis symptom management. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts. Full texts were sourced for relevant articles. PRISMA guidelines were used for extracting data. For variables (vitamin D and disease activity), a random-effects meta-analysis model was performed. Two authors using a standardized data extraction form, extracted data independently. RESULTS: 11,793 papers were identified through database searching, 26 studies met our inclusion criteria with 1621 participants. Overall studies quality were fair to good. Results from controlled trial and case control studies with total 146 JIA patients, found that Ɯ-3 PUFA improved the mean active joint count (p < 0.001), Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27) (p < 0.001) and immune system (≤ 0.05). Furthermore, n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have a negative correlation with CRP (C-reactive protein) and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) (p < 0.05). Improvement in JIA symptoms were observed in one case, one pilot and one exploratory study with overall 9 JIA patients after receiving Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) which contains protein and what is required for a complete nutrition, A clinical trial study found Kre-Celazine nutrition (composed of a proprietary alkali buffered, creatine monohydrate and fatty acids mixture) in 16 JIA patients improved symptoms of JIA. No association was found between vitamin D and disease activity from three studies. Height and weight values in relation to healthy controls varied across studies (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: We were only able to include small studies, of lower design hierarchy, mainly pilot studies. We found some evidence of lower height and weight across studies in JIA, but were unable to confirm an association between diet, symptoms and health-related quality of life in children and young people with JIA. Well-designed, carefully measured and controlled interventional studies of dietary patterns in combination with important contributing factors such as medication and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, are required to determine the impact of diet in improving symptoms and growth patterns in children and young people with JIA, with an aim to improve the quality of their life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO [CRD42019145587].

State-of-art advances on removal, degradation and electrochemical monitoring of 4-aminophenol pollutants in real samples: A review.

p_Aminophenol, namely 4-aminophenol (4-AP), is an aromatic compound including hydroxyl and amino groups contiguous together on the benzene ring, which are suitable chemically reactive, amphoteric, and alleviating agents in nature. Amino phenols are appropriate precursors for synthesizing oxazoles and oxazines. However, since the toxicity of aniline and phenol can harm human and herbal organs, it is essential to improve a reliable technique for the determination of even a trace amount of amino phenols, as well as elimination or (bio)degradation/photodegradation of it to protect both the environment and people's health. For this purpose, various analytical methods have been suggested up till now, including spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, spectrofluorometric and capillary electrophoresis, etc. However, some drawbacks such as the requirement of complex instruments, high costs, not being portable, slow response time, low sensitivity, etc. prevent them to be employed in a wide range and swift in-situ applications. In this regard, besides the efforts such as (bio)degradation/photodegradation or removal of 4-AP pollutants from real samples, electroanalytical techniques have become a promising alternative for monitoring them with high sensitivity. In this review, it was aimed to emphasize and summarize the recent advances, challenges, and opportunities for removal, degradation, and electrochemical sensing 4-AP in real samples. Electroanalytical monitoring of amino phenols was reviewed in detail and explored the various types of electrochemical sensors applied for detecting and monitoring in real samples. Furthermore, the various technique of removal and degradation of 4-AP in industrial and urban wastes were also deliberated. Moreover, deep criticism of multifunctional nanomaterials to be utilized as a catalyst, adsorbent/biosorbent, and electroactive material for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors was covered along with their unique properties. Future perspectives and conclusions were also criticized to pave the way for further studies in the field of application of up-and-coming nanostructures in environmental applications.

Design and fabrication of new anticancer sensor for monitoring of daunorubicin using 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolinium chloride and tin oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposite electrochemical sensor.

In this study, a novel tin oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposite (SnO2-NDGQD) and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolinium chloride (1M3OICl) ionic liquid amplified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was fabricated as an efficient and fast-response sensor to determine daunorubicin, an anticancer drug. The electrochemical characteristics of daunorubicin at the surface of the 1M3OICl/SnO2-NDGQD/CPE was explored via various voltammetric methods. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) images were recorded to examine the morphological structure of the as-synthesized nanocomposites. The 1M3OICl/SnO2-NDGQD/CPE offered a wide linear concentration of 0.001-280.0 µM with a low detection limit of 0.40 nM at the optimized experimental conditions using square wave voltammetric (SWV) method. In a nutshell, the developed electrode illustrated outstanding selectivity in the presence of interfering agents and long-term stability. The1M3OICl/SnO2-NDGQD/CPE was used as new and powerful analytical tool for determination of daunorubicin in real samples with recovery range 98.75%-104.8%.

A bibliometric analysis of graphene in acetaminophen detection: Current status, development, and future directions.

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic throughout the world. Detection of acetaminophen has particular value in pharmacy and clinics. Electrochemical sensors assembled with advanced materials are an effective method for the rapid detection of acetaminophen. Graphene-based carbon nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for potential analytical applications in the last decade. In this article, we selected papers containing both graphene and acetaminophen. Bibliometrics was used to analyze the relationships and trends among these papers. The results show that the topic has grown at a high rate since 2009. Among them, the detection of acetaminophen by an electrochemical sensor based on graphene is the most important direction. Graphene has moved from being a primary sensing material to a substrate for immobilization of other active ingredients. In addition, the degradation of acetaminophen using graphene-modified electrodes is also an important direction. We analyzed the research history and current status of this topic through bibliometrics. Authors, institutions, countries, and key literature were discussed. We also proposed perspectives for this topic.

Graphdiyne applications in sensors: A bibliometric analysis and literature review.

Graphdiyne is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial synthesized artificially in 2010. Its outstanding performance is considered to have great potential in different fields. This article summarizes the work of graphdiyne in the sensing field by literature summary and bibliometrics analysis. The development of graphdiyne in the field of sensing has gone through a process from theoretical calculation to experimental verification. Especially in the last three years, there has been very rapid development. The theoretical calculations suggest that graphdiyne is an excellent gas sensing material, but there is little experimental evidence in this direction. On the contrary, graphdiyne has been widely reported in the field of electrochemical sensing. At the same time, graphdiyne can also be used as a molecular switch for DNA sequencing. Fluorescent sensors based on graphdiyne have also been reported. In general, the potential of graphdiyne in sensing still needs to be explored. Current research results do not show that graphdiyne has irreplaceable advantages in sensing. The bibliometric analysis used in this review also provides cooperative network analysis and co-citation analysis on this topic. This provides a reference for the audience wishing to undertake research on the topic. In addition, according to the analysis, we also listed the direction that which this field deserves attention in the future.

Electrochemical monitoring of bisphenol-s through nanostructured tin oxide/Nafion/GCE: A solution to environmental pollution.

Over the past few decades, phenolic compounds have been broadly exploited in the industries to be utilized in several applications including polycarbonate plastic, food containers, epoxy resins, etc. One of the major compounds in phenolics is Bisphenol-S (BPS) which has dominantly replaced Bisphenol-A in several applications. Phenolic compounds are extensively drained into the environment without proper treatment and cause several health hazards. Thus, to tackle this serious problem an electrochemical sensor based on SnO2/GCE has been successfully engineered to monitor the low-level concentration of BPS in water samples. The fabrication of SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) was confirmed through FTIR, XRD, and TEM to examine the size, crystallinity, internal texture, and functionalities of the prepared material. The fabricated material was exploited as a chemically modified sensor for the determination of BPS in water samples collected from different sources. Under optimal conditions such as scan sweep 100 mV/s, PBS electrolyte pH of 6, potential window (0.3-1.3 V), the proposed sensor manifested an excellent response for BPS. The LOD of the present method for BPS was calculated as 0.007 µM, respectively. Moreover, the stability and selectivity profile of SnO2/GCE for BPS in the real matrix was examined to be outstanding.

Current status of electrochemical detection of sunset yellow based on bibliometrics.

Sunset yellow is a synthetic azo colorant widely used in food and beverages. Excessive consumption of sunset yellow can lead to health risks, so it is necessary to establish an efficient and low-cost test. Electrochemical sensor has become a potential analytical method because of its high sensitivity and rapidity. Due to the rapid development of materials science, the detection limit of electrochemical sensors has been further reduced. In this work, we use two bibliometrics software to analyze the topic of electrochemical detection of sunset yellow. A total of 194 papers participated in the bibliometrics analysis. The country, institution and year in which the paper was published were analyzed to understand the cooperation model and development history of the topic. At the same time, this work also analyzes the keywords and categories of the paper. The research directions and hot spots in different stages of this topic are discussed. Finally, we summarized and proposed perspectives of this topic through bibliometrics results.

Relationship between graphene and pedosphere: A scientometric analysis.

The mass production and application of graphene have gradually expanded from academic research to industrial applications, which will inevitably lead to graphene entering the soil actively and passively. Therefore, the relationship between graphene and the pedosphere has attracted a lot of attention in the last decade. The most important question is whether graphene will harm soil health. Fortunately, the evidence is that graphene can alter soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities to some extent, but not dramatically. On this basis, the role of graphene in soil has been investigated in all directions. This review summarizes the literature on the relationship between graphene and soils. Topics include remediation and sensing of soil using graphene materials, the effects of graphene on soil, and the effects of graphene in soil on plant growth. At the same time, this review also uses bibliometrics to review the history of the topic. The number of papers published each year, participating countries, participating institutions and important articles were analyzed in detail. Finally, based on the published literature, we described the future perspectives of graphene and the pedosphere.

Recent advances in carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for food azo dyes detection.

Azo dyes as widely applied food colorants are popular for their stability and affordability. On the other hand, many of these dyes can have harmful impacts on living organs, which underscores the need to control the content of this group of dyes in food. Among the various analytical approaches for detecting the azo dyes, special attention has been paid to electro-analytical techniques for reasons such as admirable sensitivity, excellent selectivity, reproducibility, miniaturization, green nature, low cost, less time to prepare and detect of specimens and the ability to modify the electrode. Satisfactory results have been obtained so far for carbon-based nanomaterials in the fabrication of electrochemical sensing systems in detecting the levels of these materials in various specimens. The purpose of this review article is to investigate carbon nanomaterial-supported techniques for electrochemical sensing systems on the analysis of azo dyes in food samples in terms of carbon nanomaterials used, like carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (Gr).

Recent advantages in electrochemical monitoring for the analysis of amaranth and carminic acid as food color.

This study provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in the electrochemical impressions of the important dyestuffs including amaranth and carminic acid. Food colors are organic substances that have important effects on human health and food safety. While these substances do not pose a problem when used in the daily intake (ADI) amounts, they harm human health when consumed excessively. Amaranth and carminic acid are synthetic and natural food colors ingredients, respectively. Analysis of these substances in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile samples is extremely important because of their genotoxicity, cytostatic and cytotoxic effects. Electroanalytical methods, which have great advantages over traditional analytical methods, shed light on the scientific world. Electrochemical monitoring modules, which are fast, simple, accurate, reliable, and highly selective, are promising for the determination of both substances. Until now, amaranth and carminic acid food determinations have been carried out successfully with electrochemical monitoring techniques in many numbers in the literature. Voltammetric techniques are the most widely used among these electroanalytical methods. In particular, square wave and differential pulse voltammetric techniques, which have extraordinary properties, have been heavily preferred. Limits of detection (LOD) comparable to the standard analytical method have been achieved using these methods, which have very quick analysis durations, high precision and accuracy, do not require long preprocessing, and have great selectivity. In addition, more sensitive and selective analyses of amaranth and carminic acid in natural samples were carried out with numerous indicator electrodes. The merits of powerful electrochemical monitoring studies for the determination of both food colors during the last decade are presented in this study. Moreover, parameters such as analytical applications, detection limits, electrochemical methods, selectivity, working electrodes, and working ranges are summarized in detail.

Electrochemical detection of Sudan red series azo dyes: Bibliometrics based analysis.

Sudan red azo dyes are banned from food because of their carcinogenic properties. It is necessary to establish a method for the detection of Sudan azo dyes in food. Among them, electrochemical sensing technology has become a very potential analytical method for food detection because of its fast, sensitive and low price. In this paper, we analyze the electrochemical detection of Sudan red azo dyes by bibliometric method. A total of 161 articles were analyzed from 2007 to 2021. The geographical and institutional distribution of these papers is used to understand the form of collaboration on this topic. Keyword analysis in these papers is used to understand the different directions in which the topic is studied at different stages. The results show that the topic reached its peak in 2015. The development of novel materials with excellent electrochemical activity has promoted the research on this topic. As detection limits continue to be lowered and sensors continue to be optimized, this topic currently does not continue to attract much attention.

Cerium functionalized graphene nano-structures and their applications; A review.

Graphene-based nanomaterials with remarkable properties, such as good biocompatibility, strong mechanical strength, and outstanding electrical conductivity, have dramatically shown excellent potential in various applications. Increasing surface area and porosity percentage, improvement of adsorption capacities, reduction of adsorption energy barrier, and also prevention of agglomeration of graphene layers are the main advantages of functionalized graphene nanocomposites. On the other hand, Cerium nanostructures with remarkable properties have received a great deal of attention in a wide range of fields; however, in some cases low conductivity limits their application in different applications. Therefore, the combination of cerium structures and graphene networks has been widely invesitaged to improve properties of the composite. In order to have a comprehensive information of these nanonetworks, this research reviews the recent developments in cerium functionalized graphene derivatives (graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and graphene quantum dot (GQD) and their industrial applications. The applications of functionalized graphene derivatives have also been successfully summarized. This systematic review study of graphene networks decorated with different structure of Cerium have potential to pave the way for scientific research not only in field of material science but also in fluorescent sensing, electrochemical sensing, supercapacitors, and catalyst as a new candidate.

Recent advances in Ponceau dyes monitoring as food colorant substances by electrochemical sensors and developed procedures for their removal from real samples.

Ponceau dyes are one of the food coloring materials that are added to various pharmaceutical, health and food products and give them an appearance. These dyes contain contaminants such as Benzidine, 4-Aminobiphenyl, and 4-Aminoazobenzene that are safe in small amounts, but they are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) for human consumption. This study comprehensively was reviewed the properties, applications, chemistry, and toxicity of Ponceau dyes as food colorant substances. Electroanalysis of Ponceau dyes was discussed in detail, and the various electrochemical sensors used to detect and monitor these dyes as food colorant were examined. The applied methods of removing and degradation of these dyes in municipal and industrial wastes were also discussed. Conclusions and future perspectives to motivate future research were also explored.

Congo red dye removal from aqueous environment by cationic surfactant modified-biomass derived carbon: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic modeling, and forecasting via artificial neural network approach.

Herein, it was aimed to optimize, model, and forecast the biosorption of Congo Red onto biomass-derived biosorbent. Therefore, the waste-orange-peels were processed to fabricate biomass-derived carbon, which was activated by ZnCl2 and modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The physicochemical properties of the biosorbents were explored by scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, and contact duration on the biosorption capacity were investigated and optimized by batch experimental process, followed by the kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics of biosorption were modeled. Furthermore, various artificial neural network (ANN) architectures were applied to experimental data to optimize the ANN model. The kinetic modeling of the biosorption offered that biosorption was in accordance both with the pseudo-second-order and saturation-type kinetic model, and the monolayer biosorption capacity was calculated as 666.67 mg g-1 at 25 °C according to Langmuir isotherm model. According to equilibrium modeling, the Freundlich isotherm model was better fitted to the experimental data than the Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the thermodynamic modeling revealed biosorption took place spontaneously as an exothermic process. The findings revealed that the best ANN architecture trained with trainlm as the backpropagation algorithm, with tansig-purelin transfer functions, and 14 neurons in the single hidden layer with the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9996) and the lowest mean-squared-error (MSE = 0.0002). The well-agreement between the experimental and ANN-forecasted data demonstrated that the optimized ANN model can predict the behavior of the anionic dye biosorption onto biomass-derived modified carbon materials under various operation conditions.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HTLV-1 and Co-infections of Blood-Borne Viruses in Birjand, Iran's Eastern Border.

BACKGROUND: Blood-borne viruses (BBVs) are one of the most important public health concerns. South Khorasan has a long border with Afghanistan and concern has risen there about blood-borne oncogenic viral infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and co-infections of BBVs in Birjand, Iran's eastern border. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 3441 subjects were tested for sero-prevalence of HTLV-1 by ELISA. The data on demographic features, HTLV-1-related risk factors and other characteristics of the population were analyzed by Pearson chi-square and logistic regression tests. Finally, the co-infection of BBVs was evaluated in the study. RESULTS: The prevalence of HTLV-1 was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.12-0.48). Notably, the sero-prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in our previous studies was reported at 0%, 0.2%, 1.2% and 1.6%, respectively. The results indicated that the occurrence of HTLV-1 infection was associated only with the history of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.07-0.97, with P = 0.04). The co-infection of HBV with HCV was the most common (2.35%), while a co-infection rate of 1.17% was found for both HBV/HTLV-1 and HBV/HDV. CONCLUSION: Although a higher prevalence of the viruses was expected, it was close to the overall Iranian population. With respect to close relationship with an HTLV-1 endemic area (Mashhad and Neyshabour), the prevalence is very low; however, more attention is needed. Our findings reinforce the importance of increasing knowledge about BBV-related health risk behaviors to prevent the emergence of new cases, especially in low-risk populations.

Measurement Model of Women's Preferences in Obstetrician and Gynecologist Selection in the Private Sector: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a measurement model of women's preferences in Obstetrician and Gynecologist (OB/GYN) selection in the private sector of non-clinical parameters. METHODS: This methodological study included 462 respondents in OB/GYN's offices to a researcher-made questionnaire. The patients visited 57 offices of OB/GYNs in the city of Mashhad in Iran and completed women's preferences in OB/GYN selection questionnaire over a 2-month period from January to February 2018. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to verify the instrument's construct validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test whether the data fit our hypothesized model obtained from EFA model. RESULTS: The first draft of the questionnaire was prepared with 118 items based on literature review. The outcome of content validity assessment was a 51-item questionnaire. Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI) turned out to be 0.80. The results of EFA yielded an instrument with 33 items in six domains, which explained 52.657% of the total variance of the questionnaire. With performing CFA, the 6-factor model with 29 items demonstrated a good fit with the data (CFI=0.952, CMIN/DF=1.613, RMSEA=0.036). Availability and Accessibility, Communicational Skills, Office Environment, Recommendation by Others, Special Services, and Cost and Insurance were found to define the women's preferences in OB/GYN selection in private sector, Iran. CONCLUSION: The developed measurement model considers the patient's preferences that influence decision-making process on OB/GYN selection. It can provide useful knowledge for OB/GYNs and policymakers to design appropriate and efficient marketing strategies according to the consumer preferences priority.