Comparing the Effect of Resilience Skills Training and Metacognitive Therapy on Job Stress in Nurses: An Experimental Study.

Background: Nursing is one of the stressful professions. The work-related stressful factors have affected the physical and mental health of nurses seriously. This study aimed to compare the effect of resilience skills training and metacognitive therapy on nurses' job stress. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 54 nurses working in intensive care units and the emergency department of Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran, in 2018. Selected participants were allocated via permuted block randomization into three groups: resilience skills training, metacognitive therapy, and control (n = 18 for each group). Both resilience and metacognitive therapy programs were held in eight sessions of 45-mintraining classes twice a week. The control group received no intervention. The data were collected using a demographic characteristics form and the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and repeated measures ANOVA in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Results: Job stress significantly decreased in both resilience (F2,51 = 123.5, p < 0.001) and metacognitive therapy (F2,51= 29.2, p = 0.002) groups over time. However, this decrease was not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Also, the control group's job stress mean score increased over time (F2,51 = 9.35, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that both resilience skills training and metacognitive therapy can reduce the job stress of emergency and intensive care nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that both programs be taken into account by managers to reduce nurses' job stress.

The effects of foot reflexology on back pain after coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Back pain is among the most common complaints of patients during the first hours after coronary angiography (CA), i.e. when they are restricted to complete bed rest. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on back pain after CA. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018-2019 on patients hospitalized in the post-angiography unit of Razi hospital, Birjand, Iran. Through convenience sampling, 120 patients were recruited and their demographic characteristics and baseline back pain intensity were assessed immediately after angiography using a demographic questionnaire and a visual analogue scale, respectively. Then, patients were randomly allocated to a control (n = 60) and a reflexology (n = 60) group through block randomization. Patients in the reflexology group received 8-min foot reflexology for each foot (16 min for both feet) while their counterparts in the control group solely received routine post-angiography care services. Back pain assessment was repeated for all participants immediately, two, four, and 6 h after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 16.0). FINDINGS: Back pain intensity significantly increased after angiography in both groups (P < 0.05). Yet, pain intensity in the reflexology group at all post-intervention measurement time points was significantly less than the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Foot reflexology is effective in significantly reducing back pain after CA.

Empathy and cultural competence in clinical nurses: A structural equation modelling approach.

BACKGROUND: Forgiveness has the potential to resolve painful feelings arising from nurse-patient conflicts. It would be useful to evaluate direct and indirect important factors which are related to forgiveness in order to design interventions that try to facilitate forgiveness. AIM/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intermediating role of empathy in the cultural competence-forgiveness association among nurses using structural equation modeling. RESEARCH DESIGN: The research applied a cross-sectional correlational design. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: The study included 380 nurses eight hospitals in southern Iran. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Ethics and Research Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences approved the study protocol. The voluntary nature of participation was explained consent was obtained from participants, and anonymity was guaranteed. FINDINGS: Most of the participants were married and female and fell in the 20- to 30-year-old category. Most of them (89.5%) had a working experience of 1-10 years. The proposed model showed that nurses' empathy intermediated the association between nurses' cultural competence and forgiveness which has fitted the data acceptably (root mean square error approximation = 0.070; comparative fit index = 0.993; goodness-of-fit index = 0.983; and χ2/df = 2.85). CONCLUSION: Empathy skills and cultural competence training were essential for interventions aimed at increasing the tendency to forgive patients. In such interventions, planners should aim at increasing nurses' cultural competence in order to enhance their empathy toward patients, which can, in turn, lead to a greater wish to forgive patients.

The Role of Peer Support Group in Subjective Well-Being of Wives of War Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of peer support group on subjective well-being (SWB) of wives of war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Selected participants were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (n = 40 for each group). The intervention group was divided into four subgroups, with each participating in 8 weekly based 1.5 hr peer support group sessions. SWB and its dimensions in the intervention group increased significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). Peer support group can be a useful tool to enhance SWB in spouses of war veterans with PTSD.

The role of workplace social capital, compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress in affective organisational commitment of a sample of Iranian nurses.

BACKGROUND: Affective organisational commitment (AOC) refers to employees' emotional attachment to the organisation and identification with it. It is vital that nurses explore contributors to their AOC because they stand as the largest group of employees in healthcare organisations. AIM: This cross-sectional, analytical study explored the role of workplace social capital (WSC), compassion satisfaction (CS), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in AOC in a sample of Iranian nurses. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 250 nurses working in eight hospitals affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences, eastern Iran. Participants' WSC was measured using the Social Capital at Work Scale developed by Kouvonen et al. (2006). CS and STS were measured using CS and STS dimensions of the Professional Quality of Life measure (Version 5) developed by Stamm (2010). RESULTS: Significant positive associations were found between WSC and AOC (p < 0.001), between the cognitive dimension of WSC and AOC (p < 0.001), between the structural dimension of WSC and AOC (p < 0.001), and between CS and AOC (p < 0.001). The correlation between STS and AOC (p < 0.001) was negatively significant. CONCLUSION: Effort to promote WSC and CS on the one hand and prevention and early recognition of STS on the other hand can enhance nurses' AOC.