A theoretical stability of mixed convection 3D Sutterby nanofluid flow due to bidirectional stretching surface.

Host (base) fluids are unable to deliver efficient heating and cooling processes in industrial applications due to their limited heat transfer rates. Nanofluids, owing to their distinctive and adaptable thermo-physical characteristics, find a widespread range of practical applications in various disciplines of nanotechnology and heat transfer equipment. The novel effect of this study is to determine the effects of mixed convection, and activation energy on 3D Sutterby nanofluid across a bi-directional extended surface under the impact of thermophoresis diffusion and convective heat dissipation. The flow equations are simplified in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) and altered to non-dimensional ODEs by implementing classical scaling invariants. Numerical results have been obtained via the bvp4c approach. The physical insights of crucial and relevant parameters on flow and energy profiles are analysed through plotted visuals. Some factors have multiple solutions due to shrinking sheets. So stability analysis has been adapted to analyses stable solutions. Graphical representations demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the numerical algorithm across a variety of pertinent parameters and conditions. A comparison between existing results and previously published data shows a high degree of compatibility between the two datasets. The present study extensively explored a multitude of practical applications across a diverse spectrum of fields, including but not limited to gas turbine technology, power generation, glass manufacturing, polymer production, wire coating, chemical production, heat exchangers, geothermal engineering, and food processing.

Assessing the change of ambient air quality patterns in Jiangsu Province of China pre-to post-COVID-19.

Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in early 2020, to effectively prevent the spread of the disease, major cities across China suspended work and production. While the rest of the world struggles to control COVID-19, China has managed to control the pandemic rapidly and effectively with strong lockdown policies. This study investigates the change in air pollution (focusing on the air quality index (AQI), six ambient air pollutants nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 µm (PM10) and ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5)) patterns for three periods: pre-COVID (from 1 January to May 30, 2019), active COVID (from 1 January to May 30, 2020) and post-COVID (from 1 January to May 30, 2021) in the Jiangsu province of China. Our findings reveal that the change in air pollution from pre-COVID to active COVID was greater than in previous years due to the government's lockdown policies. Post-COVID, air pollutant concentration is increasing. Mean change PM2.5 from pre-COVID to active COVID decreased by 18%; post-COVID it has only decreased by 2%. PM10 decreased by 19% from pre-COVID to active COVID, but post-COVID pollutant concentration has seen a 23% increase. Air pollutants show a positive correlation with COVID-19 cases among which PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 show a strong correlation during active COVID-19 cases. Metrological factors such as minimum temperature, average temperature and humidity show a positive correlation with COVID-19 cases while maximum temperature, wind speed and air pressure show no strong positive correlation. Although the COVID-19 pandemic had numerous negative effects on human health and the global economy, the reduction in air pollution and significant improvement in ambient air quality likely had substantial short-term health benefits; the government must implement policies to control post-COVID environmental issues.

Dural spread from metastatic prostate cancer.

A 59-year-old man with a known breast cancer type 1 gene mutation and a 2-year history of metastatic prostate cancer to bone and lymph nodes presented with a sudden onset of thunderclap headache, photophobia and a left sided facial droop. He was being treated at the time with the poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor Rucaparib. Of note, 6 weeks prior to this presentation, he had been diagnosed with malignant spinal cord compression at T3-T6, he underwent an emergency decompressive laminectomy and had received palliative postoperative radiotherapy. An urgent CT brain revealed dural metastases from his prostate cancer, with extensive oedema and midline shift. He underwent palliative whole brain radiotherapy but died 2 weeks later.