[Cross-sectional study on the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province]. / å‰æž—çœå©´å¹¼å„¿ç¡çœ çŽ°çŠ¶åŠç¡çœ é—®é¢˜å½±å“å› ç´ çš„æ¨ªæ–­é¢ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province. METHODS: A total of 1 080 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years from eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province were selected as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used to understand the sleep status of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for sleep problems. RESULTS: The total detection rate of sleep problems in the infants and young children was 38.24% (413/1 080). The total sleep time in the 4-11 month, 12-24 month, and 25-36 month age groups was higher than the recommended total sleep time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-term birth, higher educational level of the main caregiver, and higher daytime activity intensity were protective factors for sleep problems in the infants and young children (P<0.05), while lower frequency of vitamin D supplementation, frequent night feeding, and maternal snoring were risk factors for sleep problems (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The total sleep time of infants and young children over 4 months old in Jilin Province is higher than the recommended total sleep time, but the prevalence rate of sleep problems is higher. The occurrence of sleep problems is related to various factors. Strengthening follow-up on preterm infants, providing education on infant sleep knowledge to primary caregivers, and regularly supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in reducing sleep problems in infants and young children.

[Mental health status of primary school students during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic and its influencing factors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mental health status of primary school students and the factors influencing the mental health status during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS: Online questionnaire surveys were conducted among 3 600 primary school students aged 6-12 years in Jilin Province, China in April, 2020 (during the epidemic) and 3 089 primary school students in September, 2020 (during the regular epidemic prevention and control). The general information and the data related to the Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent were collected by the questionnaire surveys. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors influencing the mental health status of the students during the epidemic. RESULTS: The students during the epidemic had a significantly poorer mental health status in the emotional experience and volitional behavior than those during the regular epidemic prevention and control (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risk of psychological problems of the students decreased with age (OR=0.895). The girls were at a higher risk of psychological problems than boys (OR=1.453). The students with father's and mother's charater between irritability and gentle were at a lower risk of psychological problems (OR=0.496 and 0.470 respectively). The students from a family with a parental education style of a combination of encouraging and scolding were at a lower risk of psychological problems (OR=0.263). The students from a single-parent family or an extended family were at a higher risk of psychological problems (OR=2.995 and 3.446 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 epidemic has a certain impact on emotional experience and volitional behavior of primary school students. During the epidemic, particular attention should be paid to the mental health of primary school students, especially girls, younger students, and students from single-parent families, extended families or families with impatient parents and improper parental education.

Allergic reactions to antivenom in a patient bitten twice by the same snake within a month: A rare case report and literature review.

Antivenom is the most effective method currently available for the treatment of poisonous snake bite. Allergic reactions to antivenom have been reported in the past. Here we shared a case of allergic reactions to antivenom in an old male patient who was bitten twice by the same snake (probably same one) at the same biting site within a month whereas the patient did not show any allergic disorder in the first bitten. Envenomations twice in a short period time by the same kind of snake are very rare. Physician should be alert to the occurrence of allergic reactions in treating this type of patients with antivenom. The skin allergy test has a certain value in predicting the allergic response before the second use of antivenom. Desensitization may reduce the incidence of allergic reactions, but this is insufficient. Rather than non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity, patients receiving the second treatment of antivenom may develop IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity. Once happened, the antivenom treatment should be stopped promptly and anti-allergy treatment should be given immediately.

Protective immunity induced by phage displayed mitochondrial related peptides of Schistosoma japonicum.

New antigens and strategies are necessary for vaccine development against schistosomiasis japonica. Using a pool of 43 high titred anti-SWA sera from individuals residing in an Schistosoma japonicum endemic area of China, we have cloned a S. japonicum gene by cDNA library screening. The recombinant Sj338 protein has 44-46% identity to a mitochondrial precursor receptor protein of humans and rats. Immunization of mice with the recombinant Sj338 conferred 27-32% (p<0.01) reduction in worm burdens following cercarial challenge. In an effort to identify protective epitopes in Sj338 and increase the level of protection, we screened a random 12-mer peptide library constructed in M13 using a polyspecific anti-Sj338 rabbit serum. After five rounds of biopanning, we identified 30 reactive clones consisting of 11 distinct peptide sequences. These clones shared limited primary sequence homology with the recombinant Sj338 protein. Anti-sera raised against these phage clones recognized recombinant Sj338 and SWAP by Western blot. In murine vaccination experiments using whole recombinant phage without adjuvant, four of these clones demonstrated worm reductions of 11.6-25.1% (p=ns - 0.05) compared to M13 vaccinated animals. Animals vaccinated with all four of these phage demonstrated 34.2% (p<0.01) worm reduction compared to controls vaccinated with M13 clone. These data suggest that mimotope peptides are potential vaccine candidates for S. japonicum.