A real-time interactive restoration system for intraoral digital videos using segment anything model.

Objective: Poor conditions in the intraoral environment often lead to low-quality photos and videos, hindering further clinical diagnosis. To restore these digital records, this study proposes a real-time interactive restoration system using segment anything model. Methods: Intraoral digital videos, obtained from the vident-lab dataset through an intraoral camera, serve as the input for interactive restoration system. The initial phase employs an interactive segmentation module leveraging segment anything model. Subsequently, a real-time intraframe restoration module and a video enhancement module were designed. A series of ablation studies were systematically conducted to illustrate the superior design of interactive restoration system. Our quantitative evaluation criteria contain restoration quality, segmentation accuracy, and processing speed. Furthermore, the clinical applicability of the processed videos was evaluated by experts. Results: Extensive experiments demonstrated its performance on segmentation with a mean intersection-over-union of 0.977. On video restoration, it leads to reliable performances with peak signal-to-noise ratio of 37.09 and structural similarity index measure of 0.961, respectively. More visualization results are shown on the https://yogurtsam.github.io/iveproject page. Conclusion: Interactive restoration system demonstrates its potential to serve patients and dentists with reliable and controllable intraoral video restoration.

Ultra small gold nanoclusters supported on two-dimensional bismuth selenium nanosheets for synergistic photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy.

Two-dimensional (2D) bismuth selenium (Bi2Se3) nanosheets have exceptional surface area and superior surface modification capabilities, facilitating the effective loading of nanoprobes, metal particles, and other substances. Additionally, thiolated ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), distinguished by their high photoluminescent activity and modulatable surface charges, enable efficient loading onto the 2D Bi2Se3 surfaces. In this study, we successfully prepared Bi2Se3 nanosheets by sonication-assisted liquid phase exfoliation and loaded Au clusters on their surface through an amide bond reaction. The loading of Au NCs significantly augments the photothermal and photocatalytic capabilities of Bi2Se3 nanosheets and exhibits obvious anti-cancer therapeutic effects through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In summary, the as-prepared AuNC@Bi2Se3 nanocomposites showed combined near-infrared light-initiated photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) against tumors, demonstrating their potential as novel theranostic agents for biomedical applications.

Long noncoding RNA GAS5 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate GSK-3ß and PTEN expression by sponging miR-23b-3p in Alzheimer's disease.

Long noncoding RNA and microRNA are regulatory noncoding RNAs that are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, but the role of long noncoding RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA has not been fully elucidated. The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is a member of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family that may be involved in neurological disorders, but its role in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of GAS5 and construct a GAS5-associated competitive endogenous RNA network comprising potential targets. RNA sequencing results showed that GAS5 was upregulated in five familial Alzheimer's disease (5×FAD) mice, APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, Alzheimer's disease-related APPswe cells, and serum from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Functional experiments with targeted overexpression and silencing demonstrated that GAS5 played a role in cognitive dysfunction and multiple Alzheimer's disease-associated pathologies, including tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that GAS5 acted as an endogenous sponge by competing for microRNA-23b-3p (miR-23b-3p) binding to regulate its targets glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3ß) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression in an Argonaute 2-induced RNA silencing complex (RISC)-dependent manner. GAS5 inhibited miR-23b-3p-mediated GSK-3ß and PTEN cascades with a feedforward PTEN/protein kinase B (Akt)/GSK-3ß linkage. Furthermore, recovery of GAS5/miR-23b-3p/GSK-3ß/PTEN pathways relieved Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in vivo, indicated by the amelioration of spatial cognition, neuronal degeneration, amyloid-beta load, and tau phosphorylation. Together, these findings suggest that GAS5 promotes Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. This study establishes the functional convergence of the GAS5/miR-23b-3p/GSK-3ß/PTEN pathway on multiple pathologies, suggesting a candidate therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.

Efficacy of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese herbal for primary epilepsy patients with cognitive impairment: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a common and serious chronic neurological disorder, and some patients suffer from cognitive dysfunction. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese herbal for primary epilepsy patients with cognitive impairment. METHODS: To search the randomized control trials (RCTs) published before April 20, 2023 from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of science, and Wanfang Database. The risk of bias within each individual trial was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. RevMan5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. The odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each RCT before data pooling. RESULTS: The primary outcomes involve changes in cognitive function and behavioral disturbances. The secondary outcomes focused on quality of life and adverse effects. CONCLUSION: The results of this review are expected to provide new guidelines for the treatment of primary epilepsy patients with cognitive impairment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (Registration number: CRD42023415355).

Simultaneous detection of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at specific genomic loci by engineered deaminase-assisted sequencing.

Cytosine modifications, particularly 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. Current analytical methods are often constrained to the separate detection of either 5mC or 5hmC, or the combination of both modifications. The ability to simultaneously detect C, 5mC, and 5hmC at the same genomic locations with precise stoichiometry is highly desirable. Herein, we introduce a method termed engineered deaminase-assisted sequencing (EDA-seq) for the simultaneous quantification of C, 5mC, and 5hmC at the same genomic sites. EDA-seq utilizes a specially engineered protein, derived from human APOBEC3A (A3A), known as eA3A-M5. eA3A-M5 exhibits distinct deamination capabilities for C, 5mC, and 5hmC. In EDA-seq, C undergoes complete deamination and is sequenced as T. 5mC is partially deaminated resulting in a mixed readout of T and C, and 5hmC remains undeaminated and is read as C. Consequently, the proportion of T readouts (P T) reflects the collective occurrences of C and 5mC, regulated by the deamination rate of 5mC (R 5mC). By determining R 5mC and P T values, we can deduce the precise levels of C, 5mC, and 5hmC at particular genomic locations. We successfully used EDA-seq to simultaneously measure C, 5mC, and 5hmC at specific loci within human lung cancer tissue and their normal counterpart. The results from EDA-seq demonstrated a strong concordance with those obtained from the combined application of BS-seq and ACE-seq methods. EDA-seq eliminates the need for bisulfite treatment, DNA oxidation or glycosylation and uniquely enables simultaneous quantification of C, 5mC and 5hmC at the same genomic locations.

Widespread phthalate esters and monoesters in the aquatic environment: Distribution, bioconcentration, and ecological risks.

Field research on phthalate monoesters (MPEs) and their relationships with phthalate esters (PAEs) is limited, especially in wild fishes. Here, PAEs and MPEs were measured in surface water, sediment, and wild fish collected from a representative river basin with high economic development. Several metabolites of emerging plasticizers, such as mono(3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyl) phthalate and mono(6-oxo-2-propylheptyl) phthalate, have already existed in fish with high detection frequencies (95 % and 100 %). Monobutyl phthalate and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were the predominant MPEs in fish and natural environment (surface water and sediment), while bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the most abundant PAEs in all matrices. The total concentrations (median) of 9 PAEs and 16 MPEs were 5980 and 266 ng/L in water, 231 and 10.6 ng/g (dw) in sediment, and 209 and 32.5 ng/g (ww) in fish, respectively. The occurrence of MPEs was highly related to their parent PAEs, with similar spatial distribution characteristics in the aquatic environments. Moreover, municipal wastewater discharge was recognized as the main source of MPEs in the research area. Fish species can accumulate targeted chemicals, and it seems more MPEs were from the PAE degradation in fish other than the direct uptake of MPEs in water. Parent PAEs showed higher ecological risk than their corresponding metabolites.

miR-3202 inhibits bronchopulmonary dysplasia-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells via targeting RAG1.

BACKGROUND: BPD is a refractory disease affecting preterm infants with alveolar dysplasia and declined pulmonary function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying BPD is largely unknown. To explore the pathogenic mechanism of BPD and to facilitate better diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHOD: The DEMs and DEGs in BPD vs. Control samples from the miRNA expression data in GSE108754 and mRNA expression data in the GSE108755 were screened, followed by the construction of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. DEGs PPI network and hub DEGs analysis were constructed by using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were then performed for these DEGs and DEMs based on the ClusterProfiler package in the R and the miRWalk database. The k-mean algorithm is used to perform clustering analysis of DEGs. Cellular experiments (flow cytometry, western blot, RT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay) were used to validate the results of bioinformatics. RESULTS: We obtained 20 DEMs and 262 DEGs. A 15 DEMs-11 DEGs regulatory network was constructed. miR-3202-RAG1 is a core sub-network. Hyperoxia induced a cell model of BPD. The upregulation of RAG1 and downregulation of miR-3202 were observed in BPD cells. Furthermore, siRNA targeting RAG1 was transfected into BEAS-2B cells to inhibit its expression and miR-3202 mimics was transfected into the cells to increase its expression. Inhibition of RAG1 and elevation of miR-3202 inhibit cell apoptosis and reduce ROS level caused by hyperoxia. A double-luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-3202 directly targets RAG1. CONCLUSION: The miRNA-3202/RAG1 axis contributes into BPD-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production. The present study provides a probable target for the treatment of BPD.

Effect of flow-optimized pressure control ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) on postoperative pulmonary complications: a consort study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after one-lung ventilation (OLV) significantly impact patient prognosis and quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of an optimal inspiratory flow rate on PPCs in thoracic surgery patients. METHODS: One hundred eight elective thoracic surgery patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups in this consort study (control group: n = 53 with a fixed inspiratory expiratory ratio of 1:2; and experimental group [flow rate optimization group]: n = 55). Measurements of Ppeak, Pplat, PETCO2, lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn), respiratory rate, and oxygen concentration were obtained at the following specific time points: immediately after intubation (T0); immediately after starting OLV (T1); 30 min after OLV (T2); and 10 min after 2-lung ventilation (T4). The PaO2:FiO2 ratio was measured using blood gas analysis 30 min after initiating one-lung breathing (T2) and immediately when OLV ended (T3). The lung ultrasound score (LUS) was assessed following anesthesia and resuscitation (T5). The occurrence of atelectasis was documented immediately after the surgery. PPCs occurrences were noted 3 days after surgery. RESULTS: The treatment group had a significantly lower total prevalence of PPCs compared to the control group (3.64% vs. 16.98%; P = 0.022). There were no notable variations in peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure, dynamic lung compliance, PETCO2, respiratory rate, and oxygen concentration between the two groups during intubation (T0). Dynamic lung compliance and the oxygenation index were significantly increased at T1, T2, and T4 (P < 0.05), whereas the CRP level and number of inflammatory cells decreased dramatically (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Optimizing inspiratory flow rate and utilizing pressure control ventilation -volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode can decrease PPCs and enhance lung dynamic compliance in OLV patients.

Demineralization activating highly-disordered lignite-derived hard carbon for fast sodium storage.

Lignite, as one of the coal materials, has been considered a promising precursor for hard carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its low cost and high carbon yield. Nevertheless, hard carbon directly derived from lignite pyrolysis typically exhibits highly ordered microstructure with narrow interlayer spacing and relatively unreactive interfacial properties, owing to the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inert aromatic rings within its molecular composition. Herein, an innovative demineralization activating strategy is established to simultaneously modulate the interfacial properties and the microstructure of lignite-derived carbon for the development of high-performance SIBs. Demineralization process not only creates numerous void spaces in the matrix of lignite precursor to assist aromatic hydrocarbon rearrangement, thereby reducing the ordering and expanding interlayer spacing, but also exposes more interfacial oxygen-containing functional groups to effectively increasing the sodium storage active sites. As a result, the optimal demineralized lignite-derived hard carbon (DLHC 1300) delivers a high reversible capacity of 335.6 mAh g-1 at 30 mA g-1, superior rate performance of 246.3 mAh g-1 at 6 A g-1 and nearly 100 % capacity retention after 1100 cycles at 1A g-1. Furthermore, the optimized DLHC 1300 material functions as an outstanding anode in sodium ion full cells. This work significantly advances the development of low-cost, high-performance commercial hard carbon anodes for SIBs.

Programmed alternating current optimization of Cu-catalyzed C-H bond transformations.

Direct current (DC) electrosynthesis, which has undergone optimization over the past century, plays a pivotal role in a variety of industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) electrosynthesis, characterized by polarity reversal and periodic fluctuations, may be advantageous for multiple chemical reactions, but apparatus, principles, and application scenarios remain underdeveloped. In this work, we introduce a protocol for programmed AC (pAC) electrosynthesis that systematically adjusts currents, frequencies, and duty ratios. The application of representative pAC waveforms facilitates copper-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage in cross-coupling and difunctionalization reactions that exhibit suboptimal performance under DC and chemical oxidation conditions. Moreover, observing catalyst dynamic variation under diverse waveform applications provides mechanistic insight.

Performance analysis of non-invasive prenatal testing for trisomy 13, 18, and 21: A large-scale retrospective study (2018-2021).

Background: Non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT) are used to screen for trisomy 21, 18, and 13. This study investigated NIPT performance and the clinical significance of its results. Methods: Pregnant women (n = 282,911) participating in a free NIPT (April 2018-December 2021) were screened for common trisomies, and the results were retrospectively analyzed. NIPT performance was evaluated by its positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, and specificity. Results were analyzed using number, percentage, and chi-squared/t-test analyses. Results: After NIPT screening, patients with common trisomies (n = 746) included 457 with T21, 160 with T18, and 129 with T13. Seven false negative cases were identified. High PPV (86.81 %, 56.81 %, 18.18 %), sensitivity (99.25 %, 98.33 %, 100.00 %), and specificity (99.98 %, 99.98 %, 99.97 %) values were detected for trisomy 21, 18, and 13, respectively. The PPVs of common trisomies were significantly different between pregnant women older than 35 (85.53 %, 136/159) and those aged 35 or younger (58.90 %, 311/528) (χ2 = 125.02, P = 2.20e-16). As the NIPT uptake increased from 2018 to 2021, live-born birth defect incidence decreased. Conclusion: NIPT performed well in screening for T21, T18, and T13. Our discoveries offer an important and useful guideline in laboratory and clinical genetic counseling.

Oleanolic acid induces hepatic injury by disrupting hepatocyte tight junction and dysregulation of farnesoid X receptor-mediated bile acid efflux transporters.

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene compound that has been reported to cause cholestatic liver injury. However, the regulation and pathogenic role of bile acids in OA-induced development of cholestatic liver injury remains largely unclear. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a metabolic nuclear receptor that plays an important role in bile acid homeostasis in the liver by regulating efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OA on hepatocyte tight junction function and determine the role of FXR, BSEP, and MRP2 in the mechanism of impairment of transport of bile acids induced by OA. Both in vivo and in vitro models were used to characterize the OA-induced liver injury. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to characterize the efflux function of the transporters, and the results showed that OA caused a blockage of bile acids efflux. OA treatment resulted in decreased expression levels of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin. Immunofluorescence results showed that OA treatment significantly reduced the number of bile ducts and the immunofluorescence intensity. Pretreatment with agonists of FXR and MRP2, respectively, in animal experiments attenuated OA-induced liver injury, while pretreatment with inhibitors of BSEP and MRP2 further aggravated OA-induced liver injury. These results suggest that OA inhibits FXR-mediated BSEP and MRP2, leading to impaired bile acid efflux and disruption of tight junctions between liver cells, resulting in liver damage.

The early career resilience experience of generation Z newly graduated registered nurses in standardized training in the emergency department: a qualitative study in Shanghai.

BACKGROUND: The period of standardized training is a transitional stage when Generation Z newly graduated registered nurses (Gen Z NGRNs) change their role from student to nurse. Affected by the COVID-19, they lack clinical practice and practicum experience in emergency departments in their university studies. At the beginning of career, they are under great pressure. Resilience is one of the factors that reduce their stress level and increases endurance. It is of interest to understand how this representative group of nurses gained and played the experience of resilience early in their careers. OBJECTIVE: To explore Gen Z NGRNs' experience and process of resilience, to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for psychological rehabilitation or intervention of medical staff who experienced transition shock. METHODS: This study employed a qualitative design based on the phenomenological approach. 18 nurses from a third-level class-A hospital in Shanghai who participated in standardized training in emergency department were enrolled using purposive sampling. Data collection was through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching data saturation. RESULTS: The investigation uncovered three themes and ten subthemes. Pressure and challenge contained high workload and high risk coexist, death's stress response, more emergencies and high professional requirements. Coping and adaptation contained team help, psychological restructuring, peer support, transformational leadership. Reflection and planning contained enhance learning, appreciate life. CONCLUSIONS: Our study described the embodiment and coping experience of the physical and mental stress faced by Gen Z NGRNs during their standardized training in the emergency department. It is emphasized that nurse educators should pay attention to the character and actual needs of Gen Z NGRNs, explore and formulate strategies, so as to guide NGRNs to quickly adapt and grow in the new role. The ultimate goal is to increase nurse retention and improve the quality of nursing.

Development and validation of a predictive model for severe white matter hyperintensity with obesity.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with obesity (SWO), and to build a prediction model for screening obese people with severe WMH without Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination. Patients subjects and methods: From September 2020 to October 2021, 650 patients with WMH were recruited consecutively. The subjects were divided into two groups, SWO group and non-SWO group. Univariate and Logistic regression analysis were was applied to explore the potential predictors of SWO. The Youden index method was adopted to determine the best cut-off value in the establishment of the prediction model of SWO. Each parameter had two options, low and high. The score table of the prediction model and nomogram based on the logistic regression were constructed. Of the 650 subjects, 487 subjects (75%) were randomly assigned to the training group and 163 subjects (25%) to the validation group. By resampling the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject's operating characteristics and calibration curves 1,000 times, nomogram performance was verified. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the nomogram's clinical usefulness. By resampling the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject's operating characteristics and calibration curves 1,000 times, nomogram performance was verified. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the nomogram's clinical usefulness. Results: Logistic regression demonstrated that hypertension, uric acid (UA), complement 3 (C3) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) were independent risk factors for SWO. Hypertension, UA, C3, IL-8, folic acid (FA), fasting C-peptide (FCP) and eosinophil could be used to predict the occurrence of SWO in the prediction models, with a good diagnostic performance, Areas Under Curves (AUC) of Total score was 0.823 (95% CI: 0.760-0.885, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 60.0%, specificity of 91.4%. In the development group, the nomogram's AUC (C statistic) was 0.829 (95% CI: 0.760-0.899), while in the validation group, it was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.696, 0.975). In both the development and validation groups, the calibration curves following 1,000 bootstraps showed a satisfactory fit between the observed and predicted probabilities. DCA showed that the nomogram had great clinical utility. Conclusion: Hypertension, UA, C3, IL-8, FA, FCP and eosinophil models had the potential to predict the incidence of SWO. When the total score of the model exceeded 9 points, the risk of SWO would increase significantly, and the nomogram enabled visualization of the patient's WMH risk. The application prospect of our models mainly lied in the convenient screening of SWO without MRI examination in order to detect SWO and control the WMH hazards early.

Deep learning model for the prediction of all-cause mortality among long term care people in China: a prospective cohort study.

This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to predict the risk stratification of all-cause death for older people with disability, providing guidance for long-term care plans. Based on the government-led long-term care insurance program in a pilot city of China from 2017 and followed up to 2021, the study included 42,353 disabled adults aged over 65, with 25,071 assigned to the training set and 17,282 to the validation set. The administrative data (including baseline characteristics, underlying medical conditions, and all-cause mortality) were collected to develop a deep learning model by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. After a median follow-up time of 14 months, 17,565 (41.5%) deaths were recorded. Thirty predictors were identified and included in the final models for disability-related deaths. Physical disability (mobility, incontinence, feeding), adverse events (pressure ulcers and falls from bed), and cancer were related to poor prognosis. A total of 10,127, 25,140 and 7086 individuals were classified into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, with actual risk probabilities of death of 9.5%, 45.8%, and 85.5%, respectively. This deep learning model could facilitate the prevention of risk factors and provide guidance for long-term care model planning based on risk stratification.

Recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 Heterojunction-Catalyzed Visible-Light-Promoted C3-H Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin-2-(1H)-ones.

A visible-light-initiated C-H trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was established using a Z-scheme V2O5/g-C3N4 heterojunction as a recyclable photocatalyst in an inert atmosphere at room temperature under additive-free and mild conditions. A variety of trifluoromethylated quinoxalin-2-(1H)-one derivatives were heterogeneously generated in moderate to high yields, exhibiting good functional group tolerance. Remarkably, the recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 catalyst could be reused five times with a slight loss of catalytic activity.

Natural aromatic extract of black tea improved the water retention of pork meat batter.

The effect of varying proportions (w/w) of natural aromatic extract of black tea (NAEBT) with pre-emulsification on the water-holding capacity (WHC) of pork meat batter was investigated. The addition of NAEBT significantly reduced the cooking loss (CL) of pork meat batter from 23.95 % to 18.30 % (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NAEBT with pre-emulsification significantly improved the color stability and increased the springiness (P < 0.05). The results of TBARS and carbonyls indicated that NAEBT with pre-emulsification significantly alleviated oxidative damage to proteins (P < 0.05), resulting in an increased level of ß-sheet (P < 0.05), as confirmed by FT-IR analysis. As a result, the water mobility of pork meat batter was restricted (P < 0.05), resulting in an increase in the energy storage modulus (P < 0.05) and a decrease in the pore size. In summary, the WHC of pork meat batter was improved by the antioxidant effect of the NAEBT.

Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity and topological properties of cerebellar network in male obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE: To investigate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) within the cerebellar-whole brain network and dynamic topological properties of the cerebellar network in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. METHODS: Sixty male patients and 60 male healthy controls were included. The sliding window method examined the fluctuations in cerebellum-whole brain dFC and connection strength in OSA. Furthermore, graph theory metrics evaluated the dynamic topological properties of the cerebellar network. Additionally, hidden Markov modeling validated the robustness of the dFC. The correlations between the abovementioned measures and clinical assessments were assessed. RESULTS: Two dynamic network states were characterized. State 2 exhibited a heightened frequency, longer fractional occupancy, and greater mean dwell time in OSA. The cerebellar networks and cerebrocerebellar dFC alterations were mainly located in the default mode network, frontoparietal network, somatomotor network, right cerebellar CrusI/II, and other networks. Global properties indicated aberrant cerebellar topology in OSA. Dynamic properties were correlated with clinical indicators primarily on emotion, cognition, and sleep. CONCLUSION: Abnormal dFC in male OSA may indicate an imbalance between the integration and segregation of brain networks, concurrent with global topological alterations. Abnormal default mode network interactions with high-order and low-level cognitive networks, disrupting their coordination, may impair the regulation of cognitive, emotional, and sleep functions in OSA.