[Exploration and practice on construction of Tibetan medicine prescription information database and knowledge discovery].

This study aimed to explore the underlying framework and data characteristics of Tibetan prescription information. The information on Tibetan medicine prescriptions was collected based on 11 Tibetan medicine classics, such as Four Medical Canons(Si Bu Yi Dian). The optimal classification method was used to summarize the information structure of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and sort out the key problems and solutions in data collection, standardization, translation, and analysis. A total of 11 316 prescriptions were collected, involving 139 011 entries and 63 567 pieces of efficacy information of drugs in prescriptions. The information on Tibe-tan medicine prescriptions could be summarized into a "seven-in-one" framework of "serial number-source-name-composition-efficacy-appendix-remarks" and 18 expansion layers, which contained all information related to the inheritance, processing, origin, dosage, semantics, etc. of prescriptions. Based on the framework, this study proposed a "historical timeline" method for mining the origin of prescription inheritance, a "one body and five layers" method for formulating prescription drug specifications, a "link-split-link" method for constructing efficacy information, and an advanced algorithm suitable for the research of Tibetan prescription knowledge discovery. Tibetan medicine prescriptions have obvious characteristics and advantages under the guidance of the theories of "three factors", "five sources", and "Ro-nus-zhu-rjes" of Tibetan medicine. Based on the characteristics of Tibetan medicine prescriptions, this study proposed a multi-level and multi-attribute underlying data architecture, providing new methods and models for the construction of Tibetan medicine prescription information database and knowledge discovery and improving the consistency and interoperability of Tibetan medicine prescription information with standards at all levels, which is expected to realize the "ancient and modern connection-cleaning up the source-data sharing", so as to promote the informatization and modernization research path of Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

[Varieties textual research on "Bangjian": traditional Tibetan medicine including blue, black and variegated flowers].

"Bangjian" were traditional Tibetan medicine-flowers from Gentianaceae, which were widely used and had a long medicinal history for the function of detoxifying, curing heat symptoms and treating the laryngitis. The Tibetan compound preparation endowed SFDA approval number always used Bangjian aas the main raw materials for relieving cough, asthma and treating respiratory diseases such as acute and chronic bronchitis. Its commodity medicinal materials were also sold in Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet and other local medicinal materials market and local specialty marke. However, when recorded by literatures of Tibetan medicine, Bangjian were often classified into white, blue and black or white, blue and variegated according to color of flowers, leading to disordered varieties. In this paper, different Bangjian including their original plants and the main application varieties were studied and authenticated by textual research, wild specimen collection, investigation and collection of samples from Tibetan hospitals，Tibetan pharmaceutical factories and medical material markets. Results showed that Bangjian-including blue, black and variegated flowers were originated from 14 species and 3 varietas according to literatures, and the main application varieties mainly come from Ser. Ornatae of Sect. Monopodiae, such as Gentiana veitchiorum for the most, G. sino-ornata as well as G. lawrencei var. farreri. Suggestion about establishing the quality standard of Bangjian was gived, which provided reference in reasonable use and scientific research for Bangjian, and also had practical value for its clinical use and development.

[Analysis on composition principles of Tibetan medicine containing Terminalia chebula by data mining].

This study using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support software(TCMISS) to analyze the prescription rules of Tibetan medicine containing Terminalia chebula in the Encyclopedia of Chinese Medicine-Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Composition Preparation of Modern Research and Clinical Application and Common Interpretation of Tibetan Medicine and so on. TCMISS(V2.5) was used to build a prescription database of Tibetan medicine containing T. chebula.The software statistical statement module, association rules and improved mutual information method and other data mining technologies were adopted to analyze the common herbs, combination rules and core combination of prescriptions containing T. chebula.Total 502 prescriptions containing T. chebula were analyzed and 14 common herbal combinations were summarized, whose ingredients mostly had the functions of clearing heat and detoxicating, promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, warming the middle-jiao and promoting the circulation of Qi. Prescriptions containing T. chebula were commonly used to treat 640 kinds of diseases, there are 22 kinds with high frequency(≥12) in which the representative "Tripa" disease, antiquated febrile symptoms, food poisoning had the highest frequency.T. chebula had different therapeutic effects through different compatibility.The complex composing and medication regularities of Tibetan medicine containing T. chebula have been clarified by TCMISS. That will provide reference for the clinical application of T. chebula and the new development.

[Stud on quality standard for Aconiti Tatsienensis Radix].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality standard for Aconiti Tatsiehensis Radix. METHODS: TLC was used to detect yunaconi- tine and talasamine in Aconiti Tatsiensis Radix. HPLC was adopted to determine the content of yunaconitine. Moisture,ash,acid insolu- ble ash and ethanol soluble extractive were determined according the procedures recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). The microscopic identification was also carried out. RESULTS: Aconiti Tatsienensis Radix had obvious microscopic char- acteristics,and its TLC identification had a good resolution with clear spots. An average content of moisture was 11. 48%, ash was 4. 83% ,acid insoluble was 1. 81%, ethanol soluble extractive was 20. 46% and yunaconitine was 0. 23%. CONCLUSION: The established standard is acceptable for quality evaluation of Aconiti Tatsienensis Radix.

[Varieties textual research and usage investigation of white flos gentianae, a Tibetan medicine].

OBJECTIVE: To clarity the original plants and the main application varieties of White Flos Gentianae. METHOD: Herbal textual research, wild specimen collection, investigation and collection of the samples from Tibetan hospital, Tibetan pharmaceutical factory and medical material market were carried out simultaneously to identify the original plants of White Flos Gentianae. RESULT: The results of varieties textual research and specimen identification showed that Gentiana szechenyii, G. purdomii and G. algida were in accord with the record of Tibetan herbal textual The three species above were the original plants of White Flos Gentianae. The identification of 20 batches samples showed that G. szechenyii was the main application variety. The other varieties were only used in Tibetan hospitals. All the samples above were flowering branches. CONCLUSION: It was necessary to strengthen the research on variety systematization of White Flos Gentianae make a further discussion on the taxonomy position of G. purdomii, G. algida and the white flos population. Its was also nessary to establish and improve the quality standard of different variety based on the principle of "one species, one name". The quality specification of White Flos Gentianae should be established and improved to standard clinical utilization and produce feeding. More study of resources investigation and cultivation of G. szechenyii should be carried on to meet the demand of produce and clinic.