RESUMEN
Osteoblasts are indispensable for skeletal growth and maintenance. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are useful in studying osteogenesis. In this study, BMSCs isolated from White Leghorns were differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro. Cells induced for -1, 0, 1, 11, and 22 d were used for transcriptomic analyses using the HISAT2-Stringtie-DESeq2 pipeline. Weighted correlation network analysis was processed to investigate significant modules, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs), correlated with osteogenic differentiation. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoblast differentiation. A total of 534, 1,144, 1,077, and 337 DEGs were identified between cells induced for -1 and 0, 0 and 1, 1 and 11, and 11 and 22 d, respectively (|log2FC| > 1.0, FDR <0.05). DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to cell proliferation in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation and pathways, such as the TGF-ß signaling pathway, in the middle and late stages of osteogenic differentiation. A protein-protein interaction network of the 87 DEGs in the MEturquoise module within top 5-%-degree value was built utilizing the STRING database. This study is the first to elucidate the transcriptomic changes in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs isolated from White Leghorns at different times. Our results provide insight into the dynamic transcriptome changes during BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts in chicken.
RESUMEN
The composition of the gut microbiome plays important roles in digestion, nutrient absorption, and health. Here, we analyzed the microbial composition in the duodenum and ileum of yellow broilers. Chickens were grouped based on feed efficiency (high feed efficiency [HFE] and low feed efficiency [LFE] groups; n = 22 each). Microbial samples from the duodenum and ileum were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 region was performed. The dominant bacteria in the duodenum were from the phyla Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus. In the ileum, the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, SMB53 and Enterococcus were predominant. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbiota diversity was significantly higher in the duodenum than in the ileum. The structure of the ileal microbiota was similar between groups, and the species richness of the microbiota in the HFE group was significantly higher than that in the LFE group. In the HFE and LFE groups, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria were negatively correlated, and Lactobacillus had medium to high negative correlations with most other genera. Functional prediction analysis showed that the gluconeogenesis I pathway was the most abundant differential metabolic pathway and was significantly altered in the LFE group. Moreover, although the microbial community structures were similar in the duodenum and ileum, the diversity of the microbial community was significantly higher in the duodenum than in the ileum. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the phylum Chloroflexi and genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Neisseria were with coefficients <-0.3 or >0.3. In the ileum, Ruminococcus may be associated with HFE whereas Faecalibacterium may be associated with LFE. These findings may provide valuable foundations for future research on composition and diversity of intestinal microbes and provide insights into the roles of intestinal microbes in improving feed efficiency and the industrial economic benefits of yellow broilers.