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This work presents an in-depth investigation into the cracking reaction mechanism of phenylpentazole (C6H5N5) under the catalytic influence of sodium metal, utilizing density functional theory. The geometries of the reactants, transition states, intermediates, and products are meticulously optimized employing the GGA/PW91/DNP level of theory. Also, a rigorous analysis is undertaken, encompassing various key factors including configuration parameters, Mulliken charges, densities of states, and reaction energies. Three distinct reaction pathways are comprehensively examined, shedding light on the intricate details and intricacies of each pathway. The results show that a remarkable outcome in which the activation energy of the C6H5N5 cracking reaction releases N2, facilitated by catalytic metal Na, reveals a strikingly reduced value of a mere 5.2 kcal mol-1 compared to the previously reported activation energies ranging from 20 to 30 kcal mol-1. Evidently, this significantly lowered barrier can be readily surpassed at typical room temperatures, exhibiting practical applicability. Notably, the alkali metal Na effectively serves as a catalyst, successfully diminishing the activation energy required for N2 production through the pyrolysis of pentazole compounds. This breakthrough discovery provides a theoretical basis for experimental research on the low-temperature cracking of pentazole compounds. It also offers valuable insights for the development and application of new high energy density materials, contributing to the creation of a green and low-carbon circular economic system.
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Objective@#To understand the potential categories of health risk behaviors among adolescents in the Wuling Mountain Area and their association with school connectedness, so as to provide reference for formulating classified and effective intervention measures.@*Methods@#From March to June 2023, 3 386 middle and high school students from eight schools in the Wuling Mountain Area were selected using the multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. A basic information questionnaire, health risk behaviors questionnaire, and school connectedness scale were utilized for the survey. The latent classes of adolescent health risk behaviors in the Wuling Mountain Area were investigated by using latent class analysis, while an multinomial Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between latent classes and school connectedness.@*Results@#Adolescent health risk behaviors in the Wuling Mountains Area were classified into three latent classes: high risk class of episodic behaviors ( 5.64 %), high risk class of implicit behaviors (26.90%), and low risk class of implicit behaviors (67.45%). Gender, ethnicity, and family type revealed significant differences in the distribution of the three latent classes ( χ 2=117.91, 22.55, 21.51, P <0.05). The results of the regression model analysis showed that, with the low risk class as the reference category, high school connectedness scores were associated with the high risk class of episodic behaviors ( OR=0.89, 95%CI = 0.88- 0.91) and the high risk class of implicit behaviors ( OR=0.90, 95%CI =0.89-0.91)( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The characteristics of adolescent health risk behavior classes in the Wuling Mountain Area are obvious. The high risk class of episodic behaviors and the high risk class of implicit behaviors are negatively correlated with school connectedness. Corresponding measures should be taken to enhance adolescents sense of belonging in school and reduce the aggregation and co occurrence of health risk behaviors.
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Objective@#To understand the potential categories of harmful behaviors of college students in Wuling Mountain Area and its relationship with campus bullying, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of college students physical and mental health.@*Methods@#The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 042 college students from six universities in Wuling Mountain Area from October to December, 2022. The "Chinese Youth Health Related/Risk Behaviors Questionnaire" (University Edition) compiled by the National Youth Health Related/Risk Behaviors Survey Group was used to investigate the health risk behaviors. The potential category analysis method was used to analyze the food preference, insecurity, fighting, loneliness, depression, insomnia, heartbreak, suicidal ideation, smoking, drinking, game addiction, Internet addiction of health risk behaviors were used to further analyze the relationship between different categories and campus bullying by using multi category Logistic regression method.@*Results@#College students in Wuling Mountain Area were classified into low risk group of category 1 (44.2%), category 2 (5.4%) substance dependent group, category 3(50.4%) emotional disorder group. The distribution of potential categories of health risk behaviors among college students was statistically significant by gender( χ 2=31.44, 11.69， P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling demographic variables, campus bullying was the risk factor of category 3 emotional disorder group( OR =1.88, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#bullying. Colleges and universities should attach great importance to the occurrence of campus bullying, formulate intervention programs for different categories of health hazard behaviors, and promote the healthy development of college students physical and mental health.
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Objective@#To determine health risk behaviors and cluster patterns among adolescents from four minorities in rural of Wuling mountainous area, and to provide a reference for health education for adolescents in ethnic minority areas.@*Methods@#Totally 4 162 teenagers from 8 rural middle schools of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Dong Autonomous County of Tongdao, Huaihua, Bai Minority Village of Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie, were selected with multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire to collect information on health risk behaviors from September to October, 2018. Cluster patterns of health risk behaviors were analyzed by sex by two-step cluster method.@*Results@#The occurrence rates of the behaviors of the adolescents from four minorities of smoking, drinking, walking violations, unsafe swimming, fighting, suicide idea, feeling lonely constantly, frequent sleeplessness, depression, internet addiction were 18.9%, 31.0%, 49.6%, 32.3%, 28.6%, 18.3%, 16.3%, 12.4%, 16.3%, 6.7% respectively, among which the highest occurrence rates were Tujia teenagers’ fight(31.4%), Miao teenagers’ unsafe swimming(45.1%), Dong teenagers’ drinking(34.8%), Bai teenagers’ walking violation(52.9%). And the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Among the lowest risk group, there were 322 male students (16.4%) and 496 female students (22.5%); Among the moderate low group, there were 377 male students (19.3%) and 536 female students (24.3%); Among the implicit behavior high risk group, there were 518 male students (26.5%) and 758 female students(34.4%);Among the explicit behavior high risk group, there were 741 male students (37.8%) and 414 female students(18.8%). 23.1% of teenagers engaged in four or more types of health risk behaviors, with male higher than that of female(χ2=183.52, P<0.01), and the rate of Miao teenagers (28.2%) was the highest.@*Conclusion@#Health risk behaviors among minority adolescents in Wuling rural areas are prevalent and varied in ethnicity. Clustering of explicit risk behaviors in boys and implicit risk behaviors in girls were obvious. The hierarchical guidance and comprehensive intervention should be carried out on the basis of the characteristics of different minority teenagers’ health risk behaviors.
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Objective@#To understand current situation and influencing factors of school bullying among left-behind and non left-behind students in vocational colleges in western Hunan, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of campus bullying in vocational colleges in poverty-stricken areas.@*Methods@#A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 241 students from higher vocational colleges in Xiangxi for questionnaire survey. The survey included basic demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and school bullying. Associcted factors were compared among students with and without school bullying by using the χ2 test and Logistic regression.@*Results@#The reported rate of school bullying in vocational colleges was 41.82%. The reported rate of left-behind students (45.05%) was higher than that of non-left-behind students (39.21%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.29,P<0.05). Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression showed that male students and good parental relationship negatively associated with school bullying among left-behind students(OR=0.55，0.47). While rural students, 5 years of senior vocational, smoking, drinking, and game addiction were positively associated with school bullying among left-behind students(OR=1.93,2.57,2.51,3.95,4.73); good relationship with mothers was associated with less school bullying(OR=0.40), while smoke, drinking and game addiction was associated with more school bullying among non left-behind students(OR=1.86,2.32，3.81)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#School bullying among students in higher vocational colleges in western Hunan is highly prevalent. The reporting rate among left-behind students is higher than that of non-left-behind students. Due to different factors, joint intervention measures by government, schools and families should be carried out as soon as possible.