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1.
Fitoterapia ; 173: 105806, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181893

RESUMEN

Actinomadura sp., which is usually found in muddy habitats, produces various secondary metabolites with biological activities. In this study, five new compounds named formosensin A (1), formosensin B (2), oxanthroquinone-3-O-α-d-mannose (8), oxanthromicin A (9), and oxanthromicin B (10) were isolated from the culture of Actinomadura sp. together with five known compounds (3-7). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS. In particular, the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined using computational methods. Moreover, compounds 1-2 and 8-10 were screened for cytotoxic activity using a panel of human tumor cell lines. Compound 9 induced significant cytotoxicity in five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480) with IC50 values of 8.7, 17.5, 15.0, 17.8, and 14.6 µM, respectively. These findings suggested that compound 9 could provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of tumor-related diseases.


Asunto(s)
Actinomadura , Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antraquinonas
2.
Fitoterapia ; 152: 104875, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33675886

RESUMEN

One new limonoid, named 19-hydroxy methyl isoobacunoate diosphenol (1); one new degraded limonoid, named 9α-methoxyl dictamdiol (9); two new quinolone alkaloids, 1-methyl-3-[(7E,9E,12Z)-7,9,12-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (11) and 1-methyl-3-[(7E,9E,11E)-7,9,11-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (12), along with eight known compounds, evodol (2), 7ß-acetoxy-5-epilimonin (3), rutaevine (4), 6ß-acetoxy-5-epilimonin (5), limonin (6), obacunone (7), clauemargine L (8), hiiranlactone E (10) were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.. Structures of the four new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 3, 5, 9, 11 and 12 showed obviously cytotoxic activity against six human tumor lines, while compounds 11, 12 displayed anti-platelet aggregation induced by ADP at 50 µM and 100 µM.


Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Evodia/química , Limoninas/farmacología , Quinolonas/farmacología , Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , China , Frutas/química , Humanos , Limoninas/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Quinolonas/aislamiento & purificación
3.
Antiviral Res ; 157: 9-17, 2018 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29983395

RESUMEN

Chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation are underlying causes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Products of virus replication and microbial translocation, co-infection or opportunistic pathogens, and danger-associated molecular patterns have been reported to contribute to chronic immune activation and inflammation in human immunodeficiency virus type-1/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/SIV) infection or other disease. To develop new strategies and therapies for HIV-1/AIDS, we tested if the CD24 and Fc fusion protein (CD24Fc), which interacts with danger-associated molecular patterns and sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin to attenuate inflammation, can protect Chinese rhesus macaques (ChRMs) with SIV infection. We found that CD24Fc treatment decreased weight loss, wasting syndrome, intractable diarrhea, and AIDS morbidity and mortality, while it was well tolerated by SIV-infected animals. Corresponding to the elimination of intractable diarrhea, CD24Fc significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and inflammation in the ileum, colon and rectum based on the reduction of inflammatory cells, pathological scores and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, although CD24Fc did not restore CD4+ T cell number or significantly change T cell subsets or CD4+ T cell activation, it maintained low levels of plasma soluble CD14, CD8+ T cell activation, viral load and proviral load in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and marrow. These results suggested that CD24Fc confers protection to SIV-infected ChRMs against progression to AIDS. It was also implied that CD24Fc may be a potential therapeutic approach for the control of HIV-1/AIDS.


Asunto(s)
Antígeno CD24/administración & dosificación , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/administración & dosificación , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/prevención & control , Animales , Antígeno CD24/genética , Antígeno CD24/inmunología , VIH-1/inmunología , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Factores Inmunológicos/genética , Factores Inmunológicos/inmunología , Intestinos/patología , Macaca mulatta , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/patología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/inmunología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Carga Viral
4.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 37, 2017 02 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28232735

RESUMEN

The elderly population infected with HIV-1 is often characterized by the rapid AIDS progression and poor treatment outcome, possibly because of immunosenescence resulting from both HIV infection and aging. However, this hypothesis remains to be fully tested. Here, we studied 6 young and 12 old Chinese rhesus macaques (ChRM) over the course of three months after simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac239 infection. Old ChRM showed a higher risk of accelerated AIDS development than did young macaques, owing to rapidly elevated plasma viral loads and decreased levels of CD4+ T cells. The low frequency of naïve CD4+ T cells before infection was strongly predictive of an increased disease progression, whereas the severe depletion of CD4+ T cells and the rapid proliferation of naïve lymphocytes accelerated the exhaustion of naïve lymphocytes in old ChRM. Moreover, in old ChRM, a robust innate host response with defective regulation was associated with a compensation for naïve T cell depletion and a high level of immune activation. Therefore, we suggest that immunosenescence plays an important role in the accelerated AIDS progression in elderly individuals and that SIV-infected old ChRM may be a favorable model for studying AIDS pathogenesis and researching therapies for elderly AIDS patients.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Innata/fisiología , Inmunosenescencia , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/inmunología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/inmunología , Envejecimiento , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/virología , Carga Viral
5.
Sci Bull (Beijing) ; 62(19): 1315-1324, 2017 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36659293

RESUMEN

Viral reservoirs of HIV-1 are a major obstacle for curing AIDS. The novel animal models that can be directly infected with HIV-1 will contribute to develop effective strategies for eradicating infections. Here, we inoculated 4 northern pig-tailed macaques (NPM) with the HIV-1 strain HIV-1NL4.3 and monitored the infection for approximately 3years (150weeks). The HIV-1-infected NPMs showed transient viremia for about 10weeks after infection. However, cell-associated proviral DNA and viral RNA persisted in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs for about 3years. Moreover, replication-competent HIV-1 could be successfully recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during long-term infection. The numbers of resting CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected NPMs harboring proviruses fell within a range of 2- to 3-log10 per million cells, and these proviruses could be reactivated both ex vivo and in vivo in response to co-stimulation with the latency-reversing agents JQ1 and prostratin. Our results suggested that NPMs can be infected with HIV-1 and a long-term viral reservoir was formed in NPMs, which might serve asa potential model for HIV-1 reservoir research.

6.
Chin Med ; 11: 31, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27375770

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aikeqing (AKQ) has been shown in clinical studies to improve quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients, but anti-HIV activity has not been determined. The SHIV-infected macaque is an important animal model for testing antiviral drugs. This study aimed to determine the anti-HIV activity of AKQ in chronically SHIV89.6-infected Chinese rhesus macaques. METHODS: Nine Chinese rhesus macaques were inoculated intravenously with SHIV89.6 virus. At 11 weeks post-infection, the animals were arbitrarily divided into three groups: high-dose (AKQ 1.65 g/kg; n = 3), low-dose (AKQ 0.55 g/kg; n = 3), and control (water 1 mL/kg; n = 3). Treatment was administered by the intragastric gavage route once-daily for 8 weeks. Blood (5 mL) was collected biweekly. Viral loads were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays, and T cell counts were monitored by FACS analyses throughout the treatment. RESULTS: AKQ induced a persistent decline (P = 0.02) in plasma viral loads during treatment in the high-dose group compared with their baseline levels, and cessation of the therapy caused viral load rebound to the pretreatment levels. No significant difference (P = 0.06) was found in the plasma viral loads during treatment in the low-dose group. The CD4(+) T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios remained at stable high levels during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: AKQ reduced plasma viral loads in the SHIV89.6-infected Chinese rhesus macaque model.

7.
Primates ; 57(3): 413-9, 2016 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26993123

RESUMEN

Non-human primates are natural virus reservoirs, whether wild or domestic. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence of common viruses by ELISA in a northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) colony derived from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 20 types of virus which are commonly selected as target microorganisms for specific-pathogen-free colonies, or which have zoonotic potential were included in this study. The results showed only 2 in 90 northern pig-tailed macaques were seronegative for all the detected viruses, and at least 16 out of the total 20 types of virus tested were prevalent in this colony, so these macaques were commonly infected by various viruses. These macaques should be carefully assessed for viral seroprevalence in order to prevent zoonotic diseases from being transferred to human beings.


Asunto(s)
Macaca nemestrina , Enfermedades de los Monos/epidemiología , Virosis/veterinaria , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Monos/virología , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Vietnam/epidemiología , Virosis/epidemiología , Virosis/virología
8.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; 51(11): 1704-10, 2016 11.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29908113

RESUMEN

To evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activities of 5 benzophenones non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as DY1203, DY1204, DY1119, DY1208 and DY1209 in vitro, the cytotoxicity of 5 compounds were tested on C8166, MT-4, H9 and PBMC with the MTT assay. The anti-HIV-1 activities of compounds were evaluated on laboratory-adapted strain, drug-resistant strains and primary isolated strains by p24 antigen expression ELISA. The inhibition of HIV-1 recombinant reverse transcriptase activity was assessed by ELISA assay. Among 5 compounds, DY1203 and DY1204 showed low cytotoxicities with CC(50) greater than 200 µg·m L(-1). DY1119, DY1208 and DY1209 showed strong anti-HIV-1 activities against HIV-1(IIIB,) HIV-1(74V,) HIV-1(RF/V82F/184V,) HIV-1(NL4-3) (gp41(36G)N42S,) HIV-1(KM018,) HIV-1(TC-1) and HIV-1(Wan.) However, NNRTIs drug-resistant strain HIV-1(A17) showed different resistance to these compounds. The 5 compounds proved active against HIV-1 recombinant reverse transcriptase. DY1208 is expected to become a new lead compound for its high therapeutic index. The results can provide new information for HIV-1 drug research and promote the development of new HIV-1 drugs.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Benzofenonas/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/farmacología , Línea Celular , Transcriptasa Inversa del VIH/antagonistas & inhibidores , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares
9.
J Immunol Res ; 2015: 202738, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26713320

RESUMEN

Immune activation plays a significant role in the disease progression of HIV. Microbial products, especially bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), contribute to immune activation. Increasing evidence indicates that T lymphocyte homeostasis disruptions are associated with immune activation. However, the mechanism by which LPS affects disruption of immune response is still not fully understood. Chronically SHIVB'WHU-infected Chinese rhesus macaques received 50 µg/kg body weight LPS in this study. LPS administration affected the virus/host equilibrium by elevating the levels of viral replication and activating T lymphocytes. LPS induced upregulation of CD8(+) naïve T cells and downregulated the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T effector memory cells. The downregulated effector memory cells are associated with a lower frequency of monofunctional and polyfunctional cells, and an upregulated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was observed in monkeys after LPS stimulation. Our data provide new insights into the function of LPS in the immune activation in SHIV/HIV infection.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/inmunología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/inmunología , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/patología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/patología , Enfermedad Crónica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Homeostasis/inmunología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria Inmunológica/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/genética , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-2/inmunología , Interleucina-4/genética , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/agonistas , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Transducción de Señal , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/genética , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/patología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/patogenicidad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos
10.
Arch Virol ; 160(8): 1953-66, 2015 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26036562

RESUMEN

Chinese rhesus macaques (CRMs) are ideal experimental animals for studying the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and for vaccine research. SHIV89.6 has been reported to be an attenuated virus because, in most cases, SHIV89.6 infection only causes limited alteration of immune cells and tissues, and it has been used commonly for vaccine research. After two serial passages in vivo, SHIV (SHIV-89.6P) induces CD4 lymphopenia and an AIDS-like disease with wasting and opportunistic infections. However, the pathogenic ability of SHIV89.6 is not well understood. In this study, we found that 6 of 14 SHIV89.6-infected CRMs died within 127 weeks after infection. We found especially high immune activation, low IFN-α expression, and distinctive cytokine expression profiles in the infected and dead (ID) group of monkeys, while there was only few change in the CD4(+) T counts and distribution of T cell subsets in the ID group monkeys. Also, there was a similar dynamic of viral load between infected and surviving (IS) and ID group monkeys. Furthermore, we found various correlations among immune activation, IFN-α expression, and frequencies of cytokine-secreting cells. These results suggest that SHIV89.6 infections have pathogenic potential in CRMs and that high immune activation and abnormal expression of cytokines contribute to death of SHIV89.6-infected CRMs. This also implies that high immune activation may be relevant to dysfunction of immune cells. It is proposed that high immune activation and dysfunction of immune cells may be good predictors for disease progression and markers for therapy.


Asunto(s)
Citocinas/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/inmunología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/inmunología , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Citocinas/genética , Interferón-alfa/genética , Interferón-alfa/inmunología , Macaca mulatta/inmunología , Macaca mulatta/virología , Masculino , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/genética , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/mortalidad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/genética
11.
Toxins (Basel) ; 7(1): 156-69, 2015 Jan 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25606813

RESUMEN

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating the large ribosomal RNA and some are found to possess anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity. Maize ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) has an internal inactivation loop which is proteolytically removed for full catalytic activity. Here, we showed that the recombinant active maize RIP protected chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) 89.6-infected macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lysis ex vivo and transiently reduced plasma viral load in SHIV89.6-infected rhesus macaque model. No evidence of immune dysregulation and other obvious side-effects was found in the treated macaques. Our work demonstrates the potential development of maize RIP as an anti-HIV agent without impeding systemic immune functions.


Asunto(s)
Antirretrovirales/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Inactivadoras de Ribosomas/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/tratamiento farmacológico , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios , Carga Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Zea mays , Animales , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/virología , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/sangre , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/virología
12.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu ; 35(3): 186-95, 2014 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24866489

RESUMEN

The northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-1NL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of vif-substituted HIV-1 (HSIV) in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-1SV chimeras, two HIV-1NL4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.


Asunto(s)
VIH-1/fisiología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/virología , Macaca , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/genética , Replicación Viral/fisiología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Variación Genética , VIH-1/genética , Humanos , Mutación , Virus Reordenados , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/fisiología
13.
Hum Immunol ; 75(3): 234-8, 2014 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24374042

RESUMEN

Alternatively spliced isoforms of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes have been reported in many different species and therefore alternative splicing has been observed to be an additional layer of diversity in the MHC class I region. Here we show the characterization of a HLA-A splice variant in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (named "HLA-AΔE3"). This transcript is characterized by the deletion of exon 3 that encodes the α2 domain of the full-length HLA-A protein. Cell surface biotinylation experiments indicated that HLA-AΔE3 is able to be transported to the cell surface, as a 34-KDa glycoprotein that is totally sensitive to endoglycosidase-H treatment. Under nonreducing conditions, HLA-AΔE3 can form disulfide-linked homodimers on the cell surface. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that HLA-AΔE3 could interact with full-length HLA-A, forming a heterodimeric complex. These findings suggest that the splice variants of HLA-A under steady-state conditions may have an important function in regulating immune homeostasis.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Leucocitos Mononucleares/fisiología , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Empalme Alternativo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Dimerización , Exones/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Eliminación de Secuencia/genética
14.
Gene ; 522(2): 147-55, 2013 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23566832

RESUMEN

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response among vertebrates. Accordingly, in numerous mammals the genomic structure and molecular characterization of MHC class I genes have been thoroughly investigated. To date, however, little is known about these genes in tree shrews, despite the increasingly popularity of its usage as an animal model. To address this deficiency, we analyzed the structure and characteristic of the tree shrew MHC class I genes (Tube-MHC I) and performed a comparative gene analysis of the tree shrew and other mammal species. We found that the full-length cDNA sequence of the tree shrew MHC class I is 1074bp in length. The deduced peptide is composed of 357 amino acids containing a leader peptide, an α1 and α2 domain, an α3 domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. Among these peptides, the cysteines, CD8(+) interaction and N-glycosylation sites are all well conserved. Furthermore, the genomic sequence of the tree shrew MHC class I gene was identified to be 3180bp in length, containing 8 exons and 7 introns. In 21 MHC class I sequences, we conducted an extensive study of nucleotide substitutions. The results indicated that in the peptide binding region (PBR) the rate of non-synonymous substitutions (dN) to synonymous substitutions (dS) was greater than 1, suggesting balancing selection at the PBR. These findings provide valuable contributions in furthering our understanding of the structure, molecular polymorphism, and function of the MHC class I genes in tree shrews, further improving their utility as an animal model in biomedical research.


Asunto(s)
Genes MHC Clase I/genética , Tupaia/genética , Tupaia/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión/genética , ADN Complementario/genética , Genes MHC Clase I/fisiología , Glicosilación , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
15.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu ; 34(2): 77-88, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23572356

RESUMEN

Nonhuman primate animal models play an important role in studying HIV-1 pathogenesis, developing antiviral drugs and vaccines. Due to the lack of animals that can be directly infected with HIV-1, SIV/SHIV-infected macaques have been widely used in AIDS research. Although these models are somewhat similar to human AIDS, there are many limitations due to genetic differences between SIV/SHIV and HIV-1. Developing a suitable nonhuman primate animal model is still an important topic in HIV/AIDS research. The pigtailed macaque is the only primate in Old World monkeys that can be infected with HIV-1 and offer many benefits as HIV-1 intravenous and sexual transmission models. Here we reviewed the characteristics of pigtailed macaque models infected by SIV, HIV, SHIV, and HSIV via intravenous and mucosal routes. In addition, we briefly introduced the molecular mechanisms of viral replication in pigtailed macaque cells, and discussed the limitations and prospects of pigtailed macaque models in AIDS research.


Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , VIH-1/patogenicidad , Macaca nemestrina , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/virología , Animales , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/genética , VIH-1/fisiología , Humanos , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/genética , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/patogenicidad , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/fisiología
16.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu ; 34(2): 89-96, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23572357

RESUMEN

The pig-tailed macaque is an important non-human primate experimental animal model that has been widely used in the research of AIDS and other diseases. Pig-tailed macaques include Mentawai macaques (Macaca pagensis), Sunda pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) and northern pig-tailed macaques (M. leonina). Northern pig-tailed macaques inhabit China and surrounding Southeast Asia countries. To our knowledge, no reports have been published regarding the hematology and blood chemistry parameters of northern pig-tailed macaques, which are important for the objective evaluation of experimental results. We measured and analyzed 18 hematology parameters and 13 blood chemistry parameters in juvenile (aged 2-4 years) and adult (aged 5-10 years) northern pig-tailed macaques. We found that red blood cells, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase values were lower in female macaques than male macaques in both juvenile and adult groups. White blood cells, lymphocyte, monocytes, platelet distribution width, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase values were higher in juvenile macaques than adult macaques, while creatinine and triglycerides values were lower in juvenile macaques. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and creatinine values were positively correlated with weight in juvenile groups. In adult groups, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, percentage of granulocyte, hemoglobin and creatinine were also positively correlated with weight, and lymphocyte, percentage of lymphocyte, red cell distribution width, aspartate aminotransferase and cholesterol values were negatively correlated with weight. The results suggest that age, gender and weight of northern pig-tailed macaques affected their hematology and blood chemistry parameters. This hematological and blood chemistry study has great significance in biomedical research and animal models using northern pig-tailed macaque as an experimental animal.


Asunto(s)
Análisis Químico de la Sangre , Macaca nemestrina/sangre , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/sangre , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/virología , Animales , Femenino , VIH-1/fisiología , Hematología , Humanos , Masculino
17.
Mol Immunol ; 53(3): 206-13, 2013 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22947772

RESUMEN

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules play a pivotal role in the immune recognition to intracellular pathogens. A number of important splice variants have already been characterized for these molecules in different species, suggesting their important roles in modulation of immune responses. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel alternatively spliced form of rhesus macaque MHC IA (designated MHC IA-sv2) that lacks exons coding for the α2 and α3 domains. Despite lacking the α2 and α3 domains, MHC IA-sv2 is targeted to the cell surface, as a 23-kDa glycoprotein that is totally susceptible to endoglycosidase-H digestion and is reduced to 18kDa after deglycosylation with PNGase F. In contrast, the full-length MHC IA reaches the cell surface as a 43-kDa protein of form with complex-type N-glycosylation (endoglycosidase-H resistant). Moreover, we provide evidence here that MHC IA-sv2 can self-associate, forming homodimers, or associate with the fully mature MHC IA molecule, forming a heterodimeric structure in mammalian cells. These data demonstrate that the formation of heterodimers may have some functional implications in the fine tuning of MHC IA-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses.


Asunto(s)
Genes MHC Clase I , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca mulatta/inmunología , Empalme Alternativo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Membrana Celular/genética , Membrana Celular/inmunología , ADN Complementario/genética , Exones , Glicosilación , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/química , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Peso Molecular , Multimerización de Proteína , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional
18.
Cell Mol Immunol ; 9(5): 410-6, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22885523

RESUMEN

It is currently widely accepted that immune activation in HIV-infected individuals leads to a severe loss of CD4⁺ T cells and the progression to AIDS. However, the underlying mechanism of this immune activation remains unclear. Experimental data suggest that the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by plasma viremia may play a critical role in HIV-induced immune activation. In this study, we found that the level of immune activation was higher in the late phase of SIVmac239 infection compared with chronic infection, which suggests that immune activation might be related to disease progression in SIVmac239-infected non-human primate models. Our work also showed that chloroquine could effectively inhibit the activation of pDCs in vitro and in vivo. However, chloroquine treatment of SIVmac239-infected macaques had no significant influence on the Cellular composition of peripheral blood in these animals.


Asunto(s)
Cloroquina/farmacología , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/fisiología , Animales , Activación de Linfocitos , Macaca mulatta , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/virología
19.
J Immunol ; 188(5): 2285-96, 2012 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22291188

RESUMEN

The MHC class I (MHC I) molecules play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to CTLs and by regulating cytolytic activities of NK cells. In this article, we show that MHC I A in rhesus macaques can be alternatively spliced, generating a novel MHC I A isoform (termed "MHC I A-sv1") devoid of α(3) domain. Despite the absence of ß2-microglobulin (ß2m), the MHC I A-sv1 proteins reached the cell surface of K562-transfected cells as endoglycosidase H-sensitive glycoproteins that could form disulfide-bonded homodimers. Cycloheximide-based protein chase experiments showed that the MHC I A-sv1 proteins were more stable than the full-length MHC I A in transiently or stably transfected cell lines. Of particular interest, our studies demonstrated that MHC I A-sv1 could form ß2m-free heterodimers with its full-length protein in mammalian cells. The formation of heterodimers was accompanied by a reduction in full-length MHC I A ubiquitination and consequent stabilization of the protein. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MHC I A-sv1 and MHC I A can form a novel heterodimeric complex as a result of the displacement of ß2m and illustrated the relevance of regulated MHC I A protein degradation in the ß2m-free heterodimerization-dependent control, which may have some implications for the MHC I A splice variant in the fine tuning of classical MHC I A/TCR and MHC I A/killer cell Ig-like receptor interactions.


Asunto(s)
Empalme Alternativo/inmunología , Regulación hacia Abajo/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ubiquitina/fisiología , Microglobulina beta-2/deficiencia , Microglobulina beta-2/metabolismo , Empalme Alternativo/genética , Animales , Disulfuros/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo/genética , Glicoproteínas/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Humanos , Células K562 , Macaca mulatta , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Multimerización de Proteína , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional/genética , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional/inmunología , Eliminación de Secuencia/genética , Eliminación de Secuencia/inmunología , Transfección , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Microglobulina beta-2/genética
20.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu ; 33(1): 49-54, 2012 Feb.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22345008

RESUMEN

Nonhuman primates are critical resources for biomedical research. Rhesus macaque is a popularly used laboratory nonhuman primate that share many characteristics with humans. However, rhesus macaques are the natural host of two exogenous retroviruses, SRV (simian type D retrovirus) and STLV (simian T lymphotropic virus). SRV and STLV may introduce potentially significant confounding factors into the study of AIDS model. Moreover, B virus (ceropithecine herpesvirus 1) is likely to harm not only rhesus macaque but also humans in experiments involving rhesus macaque. Yunnan province has large-scale breeding colonies of Chinese rhesus macaque. Therefore there is an urgent need for SPF Chinese rhesus macaque colonies. Here we investigated SRV, STLV and BV infections in 411 Chinese rhesus macaque by PCR technique. The results showed that the prevalence of SRV, STLV and BV among Chinese rhesus macaque breeding colony was 19.71% (81/411), 13.38% (55/411) and 23.11% (95/411), respectively. Comparison of viruses infection in different age-groups and male/female of Chinese rhesus macaque was also analyzed. This study will contribute to establishment of SPF Chinese rhesus macaque breeding colony.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/veterinaria , Herpesvirus Cercopitecino 1/aislamiento & purificación , Macaca mulatta/virología , Enfermedades de los Primates/virología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Retrovirus de los Simios/aislamiento & purificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 de los Simios/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Cruzamiento , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Herpesvirus Cercopitecino 1/genética , Humanos , Macaca mulatta/genética , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Primates/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Retrovirus de los Simios/genética , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 de los Simios/genética
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