The gene CmPYL6 strongly contributes to cold tolerance in oriental melon.

The current simple and crude facilities make melon production more susceptible to cold stress during off-season cultivation in China. The ABA signalling pathway is an important target for breeding cold-tolerant melon. Cold-tolerant No. 330 and cold-sensitive No. 410 oriental melon genotypes were used to analyse the relationship between ABA and cold tolerance. 12 CmPYLs, ABA receptors, were identified from the melon genome database according to sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Gene function of CmPYL6 in cold tolerance was analysed using VIGS in No. 330 and overexpression in Arabidopsis WT. A total of 12 CmPYL members contain the representative domain and conserved sites. Under cold treatment, No.330 seedlings had lower electrolyte leakage and MDA content, higher ABA content and CmPYL6 expression than seedlings of No. 410. Exogenous application of ABA upregulated expression of CmPYL6 and enhanced cold tolerance of both genotypes, while inhibiting ABA accumulation reduced expression of CmPYL6 and cold tolerance of both genotypes. CmPYL6-silenced No. 330 seedlings had reduced cold tolerance, increased electrolyte leakage and MDA content as well as limited proline and soluble sugar content, while CmPYL6 overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis plants had enhanced cold tolerance, with limited electrolyte leakage and MDA content, as well as increased proline and soluble sugar content. The CmPYL6 gene is probably an important ABA receptor in regulating cold tolerance of oriental melon. Our study provides a direction for improving breeding of cold tolerance of oriental melon.

Short term air pollution exposure during pregnancy and associations with maternal immune markers.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with numerous adverse pregnancy, birth, and child health outcomes. One proposed mechanism underlying these associations is maternal immune activation and dysregulation. We examined associations between PM2.5 and NO2 exposure during pregnancy and immune markers within immune function groups (TH1, TH2, TH17, Innate/Early Activation, Regulatory, Homeostatic, and Proinflammatory), and examined whether those associations changed across pregnancy. METHODS: In a pregnancy cohort study (n=290) in Rochester, New York, we measured immune markers (using Luminex) in maternal plasma up to 3 times during pregnancy. We estimated ambient PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations at participants' home addresses using a spatial-temporal model. Using mixed effects models, we estimated changes in immune marker concentrations associated with interquartile range increases in PM2.5 (2.88 µg/m3) and NO2 (7.82 ppb) 0 to 6 days before blood collection, and assessed whether associations were different in early, mid, and late pregnancy. RESULTS: Increased NO2 concentrations were associated with higher maternal immune markers, with associations observed across TH1, TH2, TH17, Regulatory, and Homeostatic groups of immune markers. Furthermore, the largest increases in immune markers associated with each 7.82 ppb increase in NO2 concentration were in late pregnancy (e.g., IL-23 = 0.26 pg/ml, 95% CI= 0.07, 0.46) compared to early pregnancy (e.g., IL-23 = 0.08 pg/ml, 95% CI= -0.11, 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: Results were suggestive of NO2-related immune activation. Increases in effect sizes from early to mid to late pregnancy may be due to changes in immune function over the course of pregnancy. These findings provide a basis for immune activation as a mechanism for previously observed associations between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and reduced birthweight, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy complications.

Exact dispersion relation of the quantum Langmuir wave.

The normal modes, i.e., the eigensolutions to the dispersion relation equation, are the most fundamental properties of a plasma. The real part indicates the intrinsic oscillation frequency while the imaginary part the Landau damping rate. In most of the literature, the normal modes of quantum plasmas are obtained by means of small damping approximation, which is invalid for high-k modes. In this paper, we solve the exact dispersion relations via the analytical continuation scheme, and, due to the multi-value nature of the Fermi-Dirac distribution, reformation of the complex Riemann surface is required. It is found that the topological shape of the root locus in quantum plasmas is quite different from classical ones, in which both real and imaginary frequencies of high-k modes increase with k steeper than the typical linear behavior in classical plasmas. As a result, the time-evolving behavior of a high-k initial perturbation becomes ballistic-like in quantum plasmas.

[High-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional oxygen therapy during cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia in pregnant women with heart disease: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the beneficial effects of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy during cesarean section in pregnant women with heart disease. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, single-blinded randomized trial of HFNC oxygen therapy in pregnant women with heart disease undergoing cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia.The participants were randomly assigned to receive either HFNC oxygen therapy with inspiratory flow of 30 L/min with 40% FIO2(n=27) or conventional oxygen therapy (COT) with oxygen flow rate of 5 L/min via a nasal cannula (n=31).The primary outcome was maternal desaturation (SpO2 < 94% lasting more than 3 min or PaO2/FIO2≤300 mmHg). RESULTS: Maternal desaturation was observed in 7.4%(2/27) of the women in HFNC group and in 32.3%(10/31) in the COT group.None of the cases required tracheal intubation during the perioperative period.The HFNC group had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative leukocytosis (P < 0.05) but without pyrexia or other inflammation-related symptoms.There were no significant differences between the two groups in the secondary maternal outcomes (need for respiratory support, maternal ICU admission, postoperative respiratory complications, and cardiovascular complications) or neonatal outcomes (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: In pregnant women with heart disease, HFNC therapy can significantly reduce the rate of maternal desaturation during the perioperative period of cesarean section without adverse effects on short-term maternal or fetal outcomes.

[Cell membrane-penetrating capacity of hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD fusion protein and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cell membrane-penetrating capacity of human cell-penetrating peptide hPP10 carrying human antioxidant protein Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) and assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these fusion proteins. METHODS: The fusion protein hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD was obtained by genetic engineering and identified by Western blotting. The membrane-penetrating ability of the fusion protein was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay, fluorescence colocalization assay and Western blotting, its SOD enzyme activity was detected using a commercial kit, and its effect on cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. In a HEK293 cell model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress, the effect of hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD on cell apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry and RT-qPCR, and its antioxidant effect was assessed using reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay; its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in mouse model of TPA-induced ear inflammation by detecting expression of the inflammatory factors using RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The fusion protein hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD was successfully obtained. Immunofluorescence assay confirmed obvious membrane penetration of this fusion protein in HEK293 cells, localized both in the cell membrane and the cell nuclei after cell entry. hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD at the concentration of 5 µmol/L exhibited strong antioxidant activity with minimal impact on cell viability at the concentration up to 10 µmol/L. The fusion protein obviously inhibited apoptosis and decreased intracellular ROS level in the oxidative stress cell model and significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of the inflammatory factors in the mouse model of ear inflammation. CONCLUSION: The fusion protein hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD capable of penetrating the cell membrane possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with only minimal cytotoxicity, demonstrating the value of hPP10 as an efficient drug delivery vector and the potential of hPP10-Cu, Zn-SOD in the development of skincare products.

[Porphyromonas gingivalis infection facilitates immune escape of esophageal cancer by enhancing YTHDF2-mediated Fas degradation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) infection on immune escape of oesophageal cancer cells and the role of YTHDF2 and Fas in this regulatory mechanism. METHODS: We examined YTHDF2 and Fas protein expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues with and without Pg infection using immunohistochemistry and in Pg-infected KYSE150 cells using Western blotting. The interaction between YTHDF2 and Fas was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Pg-infected KYSE150 cells with lentivirus-mediated YTHDF2 knockdown were examined for changes in expression levels of YTHDF2, cathepsin B (CTSB), Fas and FasL proteins, and the effect of E64 (a cathepsin inhibitor) on these proteins were observed. After Pg infection and E64 treatment, KYSE150 cells were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the expressions of T cell-related effector molecules were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: ESCC tissues and cells with Pg infection showed significantly increased YTHDF2 expression and lowered Fas expression. The results of Co-IP demonstrated a direct interaction between YTHDF2 and Fas. In Pg-infected KYSE150 cells with YTHDF2 knockdown, the expression of CTSB was significantly reduced while Fas and FasL expressions were significantly increased. E64 treatment of KYSE150 cells significantly decreased the expression of CTSB without affecting YTHDF2 expression and obviously increased Fas and FasL expressions. Flow cytometry showed that in Pg-infected KYSE150 cells co-cultured with PBMCs, the expressions of Granzyme B and Ki67 were significantly decreased while PD-1 expression was significantly enhanced. CONCLUSION: Pg infection YTHDF2-dependently regulates the expression of Fas to facilitate immune escape of esophageal cancer and thus promoting cancer progression, suggesting the key role of YTHDF2 in regulating immune escape of esophageal cancer.

A novel role for endoplasmic reticulum protein ERp72 in the pathogenesis of autoantibody-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The family of protein disulphide isomerases (PDIs) is a group of oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of one of the family enzymes, ERp46, potentiates arthritis severity, suggesting that the PDI family participates in arthritis pathogenesis. This study investigated the role of another PDI member, ERp72, in autoantibody-induced arthritis. METHODS: Using the Cre-LoxP method, a mouse strain lacking ERp72 (ERp72-/- mice) was generated. Autoantibody-induced arthritis was induced in both ERp72-/- and ERp72+/+ control mice by injecting serum from K/BxN mice. The synovial inflammation severity was evaluated by joint diameter measurements and histological analysis. Proinflammatory cytokines expression in joint tissue and plasma was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: : The absence of ERp72 in the joints, white blood cells, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow of ERp72-/- mice was confirmed. In the K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) model, ERp72-/- mice exhibited exacerbated arthritis compared to ERp72+/+ mice, with greater joint swelling, bone and cartilage erosion, and synovial inflammation. Furthermore, ERp72-/- mice exhibited increased expression of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflamed joint tissues and higher IL-6 levels in plasma. Conversely, IL-10 levels were lower in ERp72-/- mice inflamed joints than in ERp72+/+ mice. Notably, the basal TNF-α level in the blood of ERp72-/- mice was significantly higher than in ERp72+/+ mice. CONCLUSION: ERp72 plays a key role in the negative regulation of autoantibody-induced arthritis.

Assessing the Prognostic Utility of the New Mayo Adhesive Probability Score in East Asian Populations and its Correlation with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

We assessed the prognostic utility of the new perinephric fat adherence risk score - Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP), in patients of East Asian ethnicity undergoing either laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) or laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). A retrospective analysis of clinical data was carried out on 169 patients who either underwent LPN or LRN surgery. These patients were categorized into two groups, group A (0-2 points) and group B (3-4 points) using the new MAP score. The overall clinical data between these two groups was compared and potential risk factors were investigated using logistic regression analyses. The new MAP score yielded an area under the curve of 0.761 (95 % CI: 0.691-0.831), indicating its effectiveness. Group B had a significantly higher incidence of adherent perirenal fat (APF) during surgery (p<0.001) and had a greater average age (p<0.001). There was an increased prevalence of hypertension (p=0.009), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and MAFLD (p<0.001) in group B. Additionally, there were significant differences in posterior perinephric fat thickness (p<0.05), lateral perinephric fat thickness (p<0.001), and perinephric stranding (p<0.001) between the two groups. The new MAP score holds significance in predicting APF in people of East Asian ethnicity undergoing LPN or LRN, and there is a strong correlation between elevated MAP scores and risk factors such as MAFLD and advanced age.

[A multicenter study on the effects of congenital cytomegalovirus infection on hearing loss].

Objective: To assess the clinical features and effectiveness of antiviral therapy in newborns with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by congenital congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, and to speculate the risk factors for poor hearing outcomes. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study wasconducted, enrolling 176 newborns diagnosed with cCMV at four research centers in Zhejiang Province from March 1, 2021, to April 30, 2024. Clinical characteristics at birth were recorded and hearing was followed up. The children were divided into groups based on their condition at birth, specifically into asymptomatic, mild symptom, and moderate to severe symptom groups. Additionally, they were divided into SNHL and normal hearing groups based on the results of air conduction brainstem audiometry at birth. And they were also divided into treatment and untreated groups according to antiviral treatment. Mann Whitney U test, and chi square test were used for inter group comparison to analyze the differences in clinical features between different disease groups, and to analyze the effects of clinical features, antiviral therapy, and other factors on hearing improvement. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors influencing hearing outcomes. Results: Among the cohort of 176 children diagnosed infection with cCMV, 90 cases were male and 86 cases were female. Of these, 79 cases were asymptomatic, 12 cases classified as mild cCMV and 85 cases as moderate to severe cCMV. Fifty cases belonged to SNHL group, with different degrees of severity, including 30 cases of mild, 9 cases of moderate, 5 cases of severe, and 6 cases of extremely severe SNHL. Among the 121 cases in the normal hearing group, 2 cases (1.7%) exhibited late-onset hearing loss despite having normal hearing at birth. Among 81 cases (46.0%) who completed the hearing follow-up, 71 cases (87.7%) had good hearing outcomes and 10 cases (12.3%) had poor hearing outcomes. Among the 81 children, 29 cases (35.8%) had SNHL at birth. During follow-up, the hearing threshold improved in 19 cases (65.5%), remained stable in 7 cases (24.1%) and progressed in 3 cases (10.3%). A total of 26 cases in the treatment group and 55 cases in the untreated group completed the hearing follow-up assessment. The rate of hearing improvement in the treatment group was found to be higher compared to the untreated group (13 cases (50.0%) vs. 6 cases (10.9%), χ2=15.00, P<0.01), with individuals in the treatment group having a 4.58 times greater likelihood of experiencing hearing improvement (RR=4.58,95%CI 1.96-10.70, P<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in hearing outcomes between the antiviral treatment group and the untreated group (RR=0.90, 95%CI 0.57-1.41, P=0.517). Multivariate analysis further confirmed SNHL (OR=11.58, 95%CI 2.10-63.93, P=0.005) and preterm birth (OR=4.98, 95%CI 1.06-23.41, P=0.042) as independent risk factors for poor hearing outcomes. Conclusions: SNHL resulting from cCMV infection presents symptoms at birth and can be improved by antiviral therapy. Poor hearing outcomes are associated with SNHL and prematurity.

[From exposure to control: the application of allergen component-resolved diagnosis in the clinical management of cockroach allergies].

Cockroaches are one of the most common indoor allergens worldwide, and exposure to cockroach allergens (such as the insect body, debris, and secretions) can trigger severe allergic rhinitis and(or) asthma. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) has identified 32 allergenic components in cockroaches, but none of these allergens have shown a clear immunodominance. The sensitization rate to cockroach allergens shows significant variability across different regions and populations and exhibits cross-reactivity with various invertebrates, increasing the complexity of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article delves into the "Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0"(MAUG 2.0) published by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the research progress on cockroach allergies both domestically and internationally. It elucidates the crucial role of allergen component diagnostic technology in enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of cockroach-induced allergic diseases, efficiently assisting clinicians in identifying common sensitizations and cross-reactivities, thereby offering patients more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans.

AI-based differential diagnosis of dementia etiologies on multimodal data.

Differential diagnosis of dementia remains a challenge in neurology due to symptom overlap across etiologies, yet it is crucial for formulating early, personalized management strategies. Here, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) model that harnesses a broad array of data, including demographics, individual and family medical history, medication use, neuropsychological assessments, functional evaluations and multimodal neuroimaging, to identify the etiologies contributing to dementia in individuals. The study, drawing on 51,269 participants across 9 independent, geographically diverse datasets, facilitated the identification of 10 distinct dementia etiologies. It aligns diagnoses with similar management strategies, ensuring robust predictions even with incomplete data. Our model achieved a microaveraged area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.94 in classifying individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Also, the microaveraged AUROC was 0.96 in differentiating the dementia etiologies. Our model demonstrated proficiency in addressing mixed dementia cases, with a mean AUROC of 0.78 for two co-occurring pathologies. In a randomly selected subset of 100 cases, the AUROC of neurologist assessments augmented by our AI model exceeded neurologist-only evaluations by 26.25%. Furthermore, our model predictions aligned with biomarker evidence and its associations with different proteinopathies were substantiated through postmortem findings. Our framework has the potential to be integrated as a screening tool for dementia in clinical settings and drug trials. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm its ability to improve patient care.

[Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection in diarrhea patients in Shanghai, 2016-2022].

Objective: To understand the infection status, epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in Shanghai and provide evidence for the disease surveillance. Methods: The epidemiological data of diarrhea cases in Shanghai from 2016 to 2022 were collected from Shanghai Diarrhea Comprehensive Surveillance System, and stool samples were collected from the cases for DEC detection. The drug resistance data was obtained from Chinese Pathogen Identification Network. Statistical analysis was conducted by using χ2 and fisher test. Results: In 24 883 diarrhea cases detected during 2016-2022, the DEC positive rate was 9.13% (2 271/24 883), the single DEC positive rate was 8.83% (2 197/24 883) and the mixed DEC positive rate was 0.30% (74/24 883). The main type of DEC was Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) [4.33% (1 077/24 883)]. The DEC positive rate was highest in people aged ≤5 years 18.48% (22/119). The annual peak of DEC positive rate was observed during July - September [5.91% (1 470/24 883)]. The DEC positive rate were 9.47% (554/5 847) and 9.02% (1 717/19 036) in urban area and in suburbs, respectively, Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) [3.98% (233/5 847)] and ETEC [4.56% (868/19 036)] were mainly detected. From 2016 to 2019, the DEC positive rate was 9.42% (1 821/19 330), while it was 8.10% (450/5 553) from 2020 to 2022, the main DEC types were ETEC (4.87%, 941/19 330) and EAEC (4.70%, 261/5 553). The multi-drug resistance rate was 40.21% (618/1 537). The top three antibiotics with high drug resistance rates were ampicillin [64.74% (995/1 537)], nalidixic acid [58.49% (899/1 537)] and tetracycline [45.09% (693/1 537)]. Conclusions: Compared with 2016- 2019, a decrease in DEC detection rate was observed during 2020-2022, and the main type of DEC detected shifted from ETEC to EAEC. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance was severe. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance for DEC drug resistance and standardize the use of clinical antibiotics.

[PMA-ddPCR method for detecting high ethanol-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in viable but non-culturable state].

Objective: To establish an absolute quantitative method for high ethanol-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in a viable non-culturable (VBNC) state. Methods: High ethanol-producing Klebsiella pneumonia was induced to enter the VBNC state and then the ethanol production was evaluated. A PMA-ddPCR method was established to count the copies of live cell genes in the VBNC state of high ethanol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae using single-copy genes. Further, the sensitivity and adaptability of ddPCR for detecting low-concentration samples were evaluated in VBNC fecal simulation. Results: The lower detection limit of ddPCR for quantitative analysis of high ethanol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae gradient diluent was 10 times that of qPCR. At low temperature and low nutritional state, high ethanol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae entered the VBNC state on the 45th day. The quantitative results of PMA-ddPCR on VBNC state cells were (5.46±0.05) log10 DNA copies/ml. The ethanol production in the VBNC state was<2.2 mmol/L and the ability to produce ethanol was restored after recovery. The minimum detection limit for ddPCR in fecal simulated samples with VBNC state was 3.2 log10 DNA copies/ml. Conclusion: The ddPCR detection method for high ethanol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with VBNC state has good sensitivity and adaptability, and can be used for the detection of VBNC state cells in clinical samples.

Design of a real-time frequency stabilization system for dual laser-based interferometer on EAST.

This study addresses the challenge of intermediate frequency (IF) instability in the far-infrared polarimeter/interferometer (POINT) of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to ensure the accuracy and stability of electron density measurements. Sudden and extensive IF shifts of the lasers can cause instability and even measurement errors of the diagnostic system. This paper introduces a comprehensive solution for stabilizing IF fluctuations. First, analog IF is converted into digital form using an analog-to-digital converter, and the digitalized signal is processed by a digital signal system based on a ZYNQ processor. The exact value of the IF is obtained by acquiring the point of maximum amplitude through the fast Fourier transform method, while the ZYNQ processor loaded with a fuzzy control algorithm will precisely adjust the laser cavity length via piezoelectric ceramics, achieving frequency stabilization within a target range. Comparative analyses confirm the method's efficacy in managing sudden frequency shifts, maintaining stability within 850 ± 100 kHz (a central frequency of 850 kHz, fluctuating within a range of ±100 kHz), with a control speed of 0.5 s per action and robust against variations up to 270 kHz. This efficient and rapid control mechanism fulfills the critical need for IF stabilization, ensuring the stability and precision of the POINT system in the EAST discharge experiments.

[Efficacy and safety of gilteritinib-based combination therapy bridging allo-HSCT in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients with positive FLT3-ITD mutation].

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of gilteritinib (Gilt) -based combination therapy bridging allo-HSCT for FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML. Additionally, it aims to assess the impact of Gilt maintenance therapy on the prognosis of patients after allo-HSCT. Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients with FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2019 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis included an assessment of the composite complete remission rate (CRc), overall survival (OS) time, disease-free survival (DFS) time, and adverse events experienced by all enrolled patients. Results: A total of 26 patients with FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML were enrolled, including 14 men and 12 women with a median age of 38 (18-65) years. A total of 18 cases were refractory, and eight cases were relapsed. The curative effect evaluation conducted between 14 and 21 days showed that the complete remission (CR) rate was 26.9% (7/26), the CR with hematology incomplete recovery was 57.7% (15/26), and the partial response (PR) rate was 7.7% (2/26). The CRc was 84.6% (22/26), and the minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate was 65.4%. The 12 month cumulative OS rate for all patients was 79.0%, and the 24 month cumulative OS rate was 72.0%. The median OS time was not determined. The median follow-up time was 16.0 months. Among the patients who responded to treatment, the 12 month cumulative DFS rate was 78.0%, and the 24 month cumulative DFS rate was 71.0%. The median DFS time was not determined. Patients who received allo-HSCT had a median OS time that was significantly longer than those who did not receive allo-HSCT (3.3 months, 95%CI 2.2-4.3 months, P=0.005). The median OS time of patients with or without Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT was not determined, but the OS time of patients with Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment was longer than that of patients without Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment (P=0.019). The FLT3-ITD mutation clearance rate in this study was 38.5%, and the median OS time of patients with FLT3-ITD mutation clearance was not determined but was significantly longer than the median OS of patients without FLT3-ITD mutation clearance (15.0 months; P=0.018). The most common grade 3 and above hematological adverse events of Gilt-based combination therapy included leukopenia (76.9%), neutropenia (76.9%), febrile neutropenia (61.5%), thrombocytopenia (69.2%), and anemia (57.7%). One patient developed differentiation syndrome during oral Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment, but his condition improved after treatment. Conclusion: The Gilt-based combination therapy is highly effective in treating FLT3-ITD(+) R/R AML. It demonstrates a high CRc, MRD negativity rate, and rapid onset, leading to a significant improvement in patients' survival. Furthermore, the clearance rate of FLT3-ITD mutation is notably high. Additionally, implementing bridging allo-HSCT and Gilt maintenance therapy after allo-HSCT treatment has considerably enhances patients' survival. Closely monitoring and managing any adverse event that may occur during treatment are crucial.

Erratum - MMP-7 is upregulated by COX-2 and promotes proliferation and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.

This corrects the article published in the European Journal of Histochemistry 2014;58:2262. doi: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2262.

[Related factors of acute symptomatic seizures and epilepsy in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease].

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) and epilepsy in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Methods: A ambispective cohort study was used including 74 children with MOGAD who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to June 2023 and were followed up. Demographic information, clinical information, treatment status, ASS and epilepsy status were collected. The clinical phenotypes were classified. According to the presence or absence of ASS in the course of disease, the children and the course of disease were divided into groups with and without ASS. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the correlation between symptoms and auxiliary examination characteristics and the occurrence of ASS in the two groups of children. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The onset age of the 74 children with MOGAD was 6.58 (3.80, 9.67) years, including 38 females (51.4%) and 36 males (48.6%). The duration of the final follow-up was 2.67 (1.10, 4.12) years, with a total of 239 times acute clinical episodes. ASS occurred in 39.2% (29/74) children during the course of disease and in 29.3% (70/239) of attacks. The common phenotypes were ADEM (67 times (28.0%)), optic neuritis (37 times (15.4%)) and cerebral cortical encephalitis (31 times (13.0%)) in 239 times acute clinical episodes. The incidence of ASS in ADEM and cerebral cortical encephalitis phenotype was 28.4%(19/67) and 100.0% (31/31), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that cortical involvement on magnetic resonance imaging during clinical attacks was an independent risk factor for ASS (ß=-1.49, OR=0.23) after excluding attacks involving only optic nerve or spinal cord (49 episodes). During the follow-up, 5 children (6.8%) had epilepsy, and all children with epilepsy had multiple clinical attacks of MOGAD and previous ASS. Conclusions: Cortical involvement on magnetic resonance imaging during clinical episodes is an independent risk factor for ASS in children with MOGAD. All MOGAD children with epilepsy had ASS and multiple MOGAD clinical episodes in the past.

Borrowed dislocations for ductility in ceramics.

The inherent brittleness of ceramics, primarily due to restricted atomic motions from rigid ionic or covalent bonded structures, is a persistent challenge. This characteristic hinders dislocation nucleation in ceramics, thereby impeding the enhancement of plasticity through a dislocation-engineering strategy commonly used in metals. Finding a strategy that continuously generates dislocations within ceramics may enhance plasticity. Here, we propose a "borrowing-dislocations" strategy that uses a tailored interfacial structure with well-ordered bonds. Such an approach enables ceramics to have greatly improved tensile ductility by mobilizing a considerable number of dislocations in ceramic borrowed from metal through the interface, thereby overcoming the challenge associated with direct dislocation nucleation within ceramics. This strategy provides a way to enhance tensile ductility in ceramics.