Metabolomics unveil key pathways underlying the synergistic activities of aztreonam and avibactam against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.

PURPOSE: Aztreonam/avibactam is effective against serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacterales harboring metallo-ß-lactamases. While the utility of this combination has been established in vitro and in clinical trials, the purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism responsible for their activities through metabolomic profiling of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate. METHODS: Metabolomic analyses of time-dependent changes in endogenous bacterial metabolites in a clinical isolate of a multidrug-resistant E. coli treated with aztreonam and avibactam were performed. E. coli metabolomes were compared at 15 min, 1 h and 24 h following treatments with either avibactam (4 mg/L), aztreonam (4 mg/L), or aztreonam (4 mg/L) + avibactam (4 mg/L). RESULTS: Drug treatment affected 326 metabolites with magnitude changes of at least 2-fold, most of which are involved primarily in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The feedstocks for peptidoglycan synthesis were depleted by aztreonam/avibactam combination; a significant downstream increase in nucleotide metabolites and a release of lipids were observed at the three timepoints. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the aztreonam/avibactam combination accelerates structural damage to the bacterial membrane structure and their actions were immediate and sustained compared to aztreonam or avibactam alone. By inhibiting the production of crucial cell wall precursors, the combination may have inflicted damages on bacterial DNA.

Acute stress impairs intentional memory suppression through aberrant prefrontal cortex activation in high trait ruminators.

Objective: Research shows that the effect of acute stress on intentional memory suppression could be modulated by individual differences in psychological traits. However, whether acute stress distinctly affects intentional memory suppression in high trait ruminators, a high at-risk group of stress-related disorders, and the neural correlations, remains unclear. Method: 55 healthy college students were divided into high and low trait ruminators (HTR and LTR), Following stress manipulation, a Think/No Think task assessed the memory suppression performance. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was applied to explore the neural correlates. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were used to assess how the functional connectivity between a seed region and another brain region was modulated by tasks during memory suppression, further mediating memory suppression performance and state rumination. Results: The HTR exhibited poorer memory suppression performance than the LTR under the stress condition. Aberrant activation patterns and task-modulated functional connectivity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) were observed only in the HTR during memory suppression under the stress condition. The effect of memory suppression performance on the state rumination of individuals was significantly mediated by the task-modulated functional connectivity between the DLPFC and STG. Conclusions: The findings could provide insights for prevention or early intervention in the development of stress-related disorders in HTR.

Barriers and facilitators to medical help-seeking in rural patients with mental illness: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

PURPOSE: Numerous barriers hinder individuals with mental illness from seeking medical assistance in rural regions, yet a comprehensive understanding of these challenges remains elusive. This meta-synthesis aims to understand the barriers and facilitators in medical help-seeking among rural individuals with mental illness. METHODS: We systematically searched seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Medline(OVID), PsycINFO(OVID), Cochrane, Embase, and ProQuest) to May 2023 and included the studies if they reported the barriers or/and facilitators to seek health care in rural patients with mental illness. Conduct hand search and citation search on Google Scholar for literature supplements. Thematic analysis was employed. RESULTS: The study included 27 articles reporting on the barriers and facilitators to seeking medical help in this population from 2007-2023. We ultimately identified themes at 3 levels: the individual with mental illness, the external environment and the health service system. CONCLUSIONS: We must design more effective strategies to improve mental health care access for rural patients, considering cultural nuances and health service utilization patterns. This requires a multi-level approach, tailored to the unique needs of diverse populations.

Undergoing Lung Surgery (PSA-Lung) was appropriate for symptom assessment after discharge.

PURPOSE: To examine whether a 7-day or 24-h recall period of Perioperative Symptom Assessment for Patients Undergoing Lung Surgery (PSA-Lung) was appropriate for symptom assessment after discharge. METHODS: A total of 377 patients were recruited in a cohort study of patients who underwent lung surgery. We measured patient symptoms daily and weekly using the two recall period versions of the PSA-Lung scale, respectively. The psychometric properties of both versions were calculated. Spearman rank correlation coefficients and kappa (k) coefficients were used to measure the association between items score measured by the two version scales each week. Cohen's d effect size and mixed linear model were used to measure responsiveness to change over time. RESULTS: Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the symptom scores generated by the 7-day and 24-h versions (range 0.48-0.77; all P < 0.05). The correlations increased in patients in stable condition (weekly symptom change < 2). Cronbach's α coefficients for both ratings were > 0.87 and both had good test-retest reliability. The longitudinal analysis and Cohen's d effect sizes showed that both ratings had good ability to detect changes in all items. CONCLUSION: The 7-day retrospective scale was as effective as the 24-h retrospective scale in terms of psychometric performance. In the stage where the patient's symptoms change rapidly, it is recommended to use the 24-h retrospective scale for symptom monitoring. On the contrary, in a stable state, it can be considered to use the 7-day retrospective scale for monitoring to reduce the patient's burden.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Hepatopancreas from Macrobrachium rosenbergii Exposed to the Heavy Metal Copper.

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by the heavy metal copper (Cu) is an important environmental issue and poses significant risks to the physiological functions of aquatic organisms. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one of the most important freshwater-cultured prawns in the world. The hepatopancreas of crustaceans is a key organ for immune defense, heavy metal accumulation, and detoxification, playing a pivotal role in toxicological research. However, research on the molecular response of the hepatopancreas in M. rosenbergii to Cu exposure is still lacking. In this study, the transcriptomic response in the hepatopancreas of M. rosenbergii was studied after Cu exposure for 3 and 48 h. Compared with the control group, 11,164 (7288 up-regulated and 3876 down-regulated genes) and 10,937 (6630 up-regulated and 4307 down-regulated genes) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after 3 and 48 h exposure, respectively. Most of these DEGs were up-regulated, implying that gene expressions were largely induced by Cu. Functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that immunity, copper homeostasis, detoxification, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis were differentially regulated by Cu. Seven genes involved in immunity, detoxification, and metabolism were selected for validation by qRT-PCR, and the results confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq. All these findings suggest that M. rosenbergii attempts to resist the toxicity of Cu by up-regulating the expression of genes related to immunity, metabolism, and detoxification. However, with the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant enzyme system was destroyed. As a result, DNA damage repair and the cellular stress response were inhibited, thereby exacerbating cell damage. In order to maintain the normal function of the hepatopancreas, M. rosenbergii removes damaged cells by activating the apoptosis mechanism. Our study not only facilitates an understanding of the molecular response mechanisms of M. rosenbergii underlying Cu toxicity effects but also helps us to identify potential biomarkers associated with the stress response in other crustaceans.

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for targeting carcinogenic bacteria.

The etiology of cancers is multifactorial, with certain bacteria established as contributors to carcinogenesis. As the understanding of carcinogenic bacteria deepens, interest in cancer treatment through bacterial eradication is growing. Among emerging antibacterial platforms, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CNPs), constructed by enveloping synthetic substrates with natural cell membranes, exhibit significant promise in overcoming challenges encountered by traditional antibiotics. This article reviews recent advancements in developing CNPs for targeting carcinogenic bacteria. It first summarizes the mechanisms of carcinogenic bacteria and the status of cancer treatment through bacterial eradication. Then, it reviews engineering strategies for developing highly functional and multitasking CNPs and examines the emerging applications of CNPs in combating carcinogenic bacteria. These applications include neutralizing virulence factors to enhance bacterial eradication, exploiting bacterium-host binding for precise antibiotic delivery, and modulating antibacterial immunity to inhibit bacterial growth. Overall, this article aims to inspire technological innovations in developing CNPs for effective cancer treatment through oncogenic bacterial targeting.

The Use of an Advanced Intelligent-Responsive Polymer for the Study of Dynamic Water-Carbon Dioxide Alternating Displacement.

Addressing the issue of inadequate temperature tolerance in traditional polymers, in this study, we successfully executed a one-step synthesis of intelligent-responsive polymers which have excellent adaptability in water-gas alternating displacement scenarios. Utilizing the fatty acid method, we produced OANND from oleic acid (OA) and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (NND). Upon testing the average particle size in the aqueous solution both prior and subsequent to CO2 passage, it became evident that OANND assumes the form of a small-molecule particle in the aqueous phase, minimizing damage during formation. Notably, upon CO2 exposure, it promptly organizes into stable micelles with an average size of 88 nm and a relatively uniform particle distribution. This unique characteristic endows it with a rapid CO2 response mechanism and the ability to form a highly resilient gel. In the exploration of viscoelastic fluids, we observed the remarkable behavior of the AONND aqueous solution when CO2/N2 was introduced. This system displayed repeatable transitions between aqueous and gel states, with the highest viscosity peaking at approximately 3895 mPa·s, highlighting its viscosity reversibility and reusability properties. The rheological property results that we obtained indicate that an elongated micellar structure is present in the solution system, with the optimal concentration ratio for its formation determined as 0.8, which is the molar ratio of the OANND-NaOA system. In the sealing performance tests, a 1.0 wt% concentration of the gel system exhibited excellent injectability properties. At 80 °C, this gel effectively reduced the permeability of a sand-filled model to 94.5% of its initial value, effectively sealing potential leakage paths or gas fluxes. This remarkable ability to block leakage paths and reduce seepage capacity highlights the material's superior blocking effect and erosion resistance properties. Furthermore, even at a temperature of 90 °C and an injection pore volume (PV) of 3, this plugging system could reduce the permeability of a high-permeability sand-filled model to over 90% of its initial value.

Association between Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Level and 30-day Mortality in Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage with Acute Leukemia in the Induction Phase: A Cohort Study.

Objectives This study aimed to identify the association between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and 30-day mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with acute leukemia during the induction phase. Methods This cohort study included patients with acute leukemia with ICH during induction. We evaluated serum LDH levels upon admission. Multivariable Cox regression analyzed the LDH 30-day mortality association. Interaction and stratified analyses based on factors like age, sex, albumin, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count were conducted. Results We selected 91 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia and ICH. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 61.5%, with 56 of the 91 patients succumbing. Among those with LDH levels ≥ 570 U/L, the mortality rate was 74.4% (32 out of 43), which was higher than the 50% mortality rate of the LDH < 570 U/L group (24 out of 48) ( p = 0.017). In our multivariate regression models, the hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for Log2 and twice the upper limit of normal LDH were 1.27 (1.01, 1.58) and 2.2 (1.05, 4.58), respectively. Interaction analysis revealed no significant interactive effect on the relationship between LDH levels and 30-day mortality. Conclusions Serum LDH level was associated with 30-day mortality, especially in patients with LDH ≥ 570 U/L.

Lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibits sodium arsenite activation of HSCs by regulating SESN2/AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway activity.

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that specifically catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3K4 (H3K4me1/2) and regulates gene expression. In addition, it can mediate the process of autophagy through its demethylase activity. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a stress-induced protein and a positive regulator of autophagy. In NaAsO2-induced mouse fibrotic livers and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), LSD1 expression is decreased, SESN2 expression is increased, and autophagy levels are also increased. Overexpression of LSD1 and silencing of SESN2 decreased the level of autophagy and attenuated the activation of HSCs induced by NaAsO2. LSD1 promoted SESN2 gene transcription by increasing H3K4me1/2 in the SESN2 promoter region. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine were used to inhibit autophagy of HSCs, and the degree of activation was also alleviated. Taken together, LSD1 positively regulates SESN2 by increasing H3K4me1/2 enrichment in the SESN2 promoter region, which in turn increases the level of autophagy and promotes the activation of HSCs. Our results may provide new evidence for the importance of LSD1 in the process of autophagy and activation of HSCs induced by arsenic poisoning. Increasing the expression and activity of LSD1 is expected to be an effective way to reverse the autophagy and activation of HSCs induced by arsenic poisoning.

Introgression of OsAP47 by marker-assisted selection enhanced resistance against southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease.

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (SRBSDVD) is the most destructive viral disease in rice. In order to breeding resistant cultivars, Insertion-Deletion (InDel) markers were developed linked to OsAP47, the first isolated major resistance gene against SRBSDVD. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was conducted to introduce this gene into the commercial variety. A rice line carrying homozygous resistance allele of OsAP47 was selected and named Kanghei No. 201 (KH201). Evaluated by artificial inoculation, KH201 showed significantly higher resistance than the recurrent parent Suxiu No.867 (SX867). And no significant differences were detected for KH201 in the yield-related components, including spikelets per panicle (SPP), ripened grains per panicle (RGPP), 1000-grain weight (TGW) and panicles per square meter (PPSM), leading to stable theoretical yield. The results indicated that introgression of OsAP47 improved rice resistance and can avoid yield losses produced by SRBSDVD. KH201 was demonstrated as a resistance material that could be used in rice breeding.

A Comparative Study: Cardioprotective Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Ischaemic Preconditioning in Rat Myocardial Ischaemia-Reperfusion.

(1) Background: Years of research have identified ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as a crucial endogenous protective mechanism against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, enhancing the myocardial cell's tolerance to subsequent ischemic damage. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted by athletes because it reduces exercise duration and improves metabolic response and cardiopulmonary function. Our objective was to evaluate and compare whether HIIT and IPC could reduce myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. (2) Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham surgery, coronary artery occlusion (CAO), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The CAO, HIIT, and IPC groups experienced 40 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion to induce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples along with cardiac tissues were examined. The HIIT group received 4 weeks of training before surgery, and the IPC group underwent preconditioning before the ischemia-reperfusion procedure. (3) Results: The HIIT and IPC interventions significantly reduced the extent of the myocardial infarction size and the levels of serum troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase. Through these two interventions, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, were significantly decreased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Furthermore, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins PTEN, caspase-3, TNF-α, and Bax in the myocardium was reduced, and the expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was increased, ultimately reducing cellular apoptosis in the myocardium. In conclusion, both HIIT and IPC demonstrated effective strategies with potential for mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury for the heart.

Biochemical, histological and transcriptional response of intestines in Litopenaeus vannamei under chronic zinc exposure.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for the normal physiological function of aquatic organisms, but it could become toxic to organisms when the concentration increased in water. As the first line of defense, the shrimp intestines are the most susceptible organ to environmental stress. In this study, the chronic toxicity of 0 (control, IC), 0.01(IL), 0.1(IM) and 1 mg/L (IH) Zn in intestines of Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated from the perspectives of biochemical, histological and transcriptional changes after exposure for 30 days. The results showed that the intestinal tissue basement membrane is swollen in the IM and IH groups and detached in the IH group. The total antioxidant capacities (T-AOC) were reduced while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased significantly in IM and IH groups. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased significantly in IH group. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in IL, IM and IH groups, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted on the DEGs to obtain the underlying biological processes and pathways. The gene modules related to the sample were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and genes in modules highly corelated with IH group were mainly enriched in immune related pathways. Nine DEGs were selected for validation by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the expression profiles of these DEGs kept a well consistent with the high-throughput data, which confirmed reliability of transcriptome results. Additionally, 10 DEGs were screened to detect the changes of expression level in different groups. All these results indicated that Zn exposure could damage the intestinal barrier, provoke oxidative stress, reduce the immune function, increase the susceptibility to bacterial infections of L. vannamei and cause inflammation, ultimately result in cell apoptosis. Our study provides more perspective on the stress response of crustacean under Zn exposure.

Age-related positive emotional reactivity decline associated with the anterior insula based resting-state functional connectivity.

Recent studies have suggested that emotional reactivity changes with age, but the neural basis is still unclear. The insula may be critical for the emotional reactivity. The current study examined how ageing affects emotional reactivity using the emotional reactivity task data from a human sample (Cambridge Center for Age and Neuroscience, N = 243, age 18-88 years). The resting-state magnetic resonance measurements from the same sample were used to investigate the potential mechanisms of the insula. In the initial analysis, we conducted partial correlation assessments to examine the associations between emotional reactivity and age, as well as between the gray matter volume (GMV) of the insula and age. Our results revealed that emotional reactivity, especially positive emotional reactivity, decreased with age and that the GMV of the insula was negatively correlated with age. Subsequently, the bilateral insula was divided into six subregions to calculate the whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). The mediating effect of the rsFC on age and emotional reactivity was then calculated. The results showed that the rsFC of the left anterior insula (AI) with the right hippocampus, and the rsFCs of the right AI with the striatum and the thalamus were mediated the relationship between positive emotional reactivity and age. Our findings suggest that attenuating emotional reactivity with age may be a strategic adaptation fostering emotional stability and diminishing emotional vulnerability. Meanwhile, the findings implicate a key role for the AI in the changes in positive emotional reactivity with age.

Clinical prediction models for cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Accurate preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains an unsolved problem. This study aimed to construct a nomogram and scoring system for predicting LNM based on the clinical characteristics of patients with PTC. METHODS: 1400 patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into training and internal testing sets. Furthermore, 692 patients with PTC from three other medical centers were collected as external testing sets. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to screen the predictors, and a nomogram was constructed. In addition, a scoring system was constructed using 10-fold cross-validation. The performances of the two models were verified among datasets and compared with preoperative ultrasound (US). RESULTS: Six independent predictors were included in the multivariate logistic model: age, sex, US diagnosis of LNM, tumor diameter, location, and thyroid peroxidase antibody level. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (95% confidence interval) of this nomogram in the training, internal testing, and three external testing sets were 0.816 (0.791-0.840), 0.782 (0.727-0.837), 0.759 (0.699-0.819), 0.749 (0.667-0.831), and 0.777 (0.726-0.828), respectively. The AUROC of the scoring system were 0.810 (0.785-0.835), 0.772 (0.718-0.826), 0.736 (0.675-0.798), 0.717 (0.635-0.799) and 0.756 (0.704-0.808), respectively. The prediction performances were both significantly superior to those of preoperative US (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The nomogram and scoring system performed well in different datasets and significantly improved the preoperative prediction of LNM than US alone.

Epidemiological characteristics of suspected adenomyosis in the Chinese physical examination population: a nested case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of suspected adenomyosis within a physical examination population in China. DESIGN: A retrospective, nested case-control study; we matched healthy people and those with potential adenomyosis on a 1:2 ratio by age. SETTING: A tertiary hospital health management centre. PARTICIPANTS: We included 15-60 years old women who underwent at least one uterine examination from October 2017 to December 2020, excluding those who had undergone hysterectomy and menopause. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We estimated the incidence and prevalence rate of suspected adenomyosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between serum biomarkers and potential adenomyosis. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to determine the cut-off point of the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level for suspected adenomyosis. RESULTS: A total of 30 629 women had uterus-related imaging examinations; 877 had suspected adenomyosis. The standardised incidence and prevalence of suspected adenomyosis was 1.32% and 2.35%, respectively, for all age groups. The conditional logistic regression analysis results showed that total bilirubin≥18.81 µmol/L (HR: 2.129; 95% CI 1.067 to 4.249; p<0.0321) and CA125 levels (HR: 1.014; 95% CI 1.002 to 4.731; p<0.0273) were positively correlated with onset of suspected adenomyosis; body mass index>24 kg/m2 (HR: 1.262; 95% CI 1.055 to 1.511; p<0.0109), CA125 levels (HR: 1.007; 95% CI 1.006 to 1.009; p<0.0001), and blood platelet levels (HR: 1.002; 95% CI 1 to 1.003; p<0.0141) were positively correlated with potential adenomyosis. The optimal cut-off of CA125 for new suspected adenomyosis was 10.714 U/mL, with a sensitivity of 77.42%, specificity of 53.76%, and AUC of 0.7841 (95% CI 0.7276 to 0.8407). CONCLUSIONS: The disease burden of suspected adenomyosis remains huge and can be informed by biomarkers. The disease-specific threshold of CA125 will support further preventive strategy development in population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2100049520, 2021/8/2.

Chemoimmunotherapy combined with consolidative thoracic radiotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemoimmunotherapy combined with consolidative thoracic radiation therapy (cTRT) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched. The study was registered in PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42023410344). RESULTS: A total of 4677 studies were initially screened and 15 studies encompassing a total of 1033 patients were included. Chemoimmunotherapy combined with cTRT significantly improved survival (HR = 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.39, 0.68) with favorable 6-month (0.89, 95 % CI: 0.77, 1.00) and 1-year (0.77, 95 % CI: 0.72, 0.82) OS, without affecting ≥3 grade TRAEs (RR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 0.85, 1.98). Pooled 6-month and 1-year PFS were 0.67 (95 % CI: 0.47, 0.86) and 0.38 (95 % CI: 0.22, 0.55), respectively. Incidence of ≥3 grade TRAEs was 0.24 (95 % CI: 0.08, 0.39) and radiation pneumonitis was 0.03 (95 % CI: 0.01, 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Chemoimmunotherapy combined with cTRT improves survival and shows favorable outcomes in ES-SCLC patients, with manageable adverse events. Further research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.

Yield components affected by rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease in rice cultivars with different resistance levels.

Introduction: Rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease (RBSDVD) is one of the most destructive rice viral diseases, leading to severe yield losses in rice production. However, little is known about the yield-related components associated with the disease and no resistance cultivars have been successfully used in rice breeding. Methods: Seven rice cultivars were analyzed in this study, including six commercial rice varieties and a new line Zhongjian No. 201 (ZJ201) containing the resistance gene OsAP47. Resistance levels of these cultivars were evaluated by artificial inoculation and yield components were collected, including panicle length (PL), spikelets per panicle (SPP), ripened grains per panicle (RGPP), as well as panicles per square meter (PPSM) and 1000-grain weight (TGW). Seed setting rate (SSR) were calculated with the data of SPP and RGPP. Results and discussion: The results showed that ZJ201 displayed the highest resistance level and most of the commercial rice cultivars exhibited susceptible to RBSDVD. Yields of all the rice cultivars were significantly declined except ZJ201 and yield losses produced by RBSDVD were mainly due to the reduction of PL, SPP, RGPP, and TGW, suggesting that developments of these traits are associated with RBSDV infection. Resistant rice cultivar could reduce yield losses by maintaining normal development of these traits. Significant correlations were identified between resistance levels and the yield components except SSR and PPSM. The results provided useful clues for understanding the mechanisms of RBSDV invasion and its effect on rice production. ZJ201 was demonstrated as a resistance material that could be used in rice breeding.

[Transcriptional regulation mechanism of differential accumulation of flavonoids in leaves and roots of Sarcandra glabra based on metabonomics and transcriptomics].

This study aims to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of the differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of Sarcandra glabra. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq) were employed to screen out the flavonoid-related differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes(DEGs) encoding key metabolic enzymes. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification. The results showed that a total of 37 flavonoid-related differential metabolites between the leaves and roots of S. glabra were obtained, including pinocembrin, phlorizin, na-ringenin, kaempferol, leucocyanidin, and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. The transcriptome analysis predicted 36 DEGs associated with flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, including 2 genes in the PAL pathway, 3 genes in the 4CL pathway, 2 genes in the CHS pathway, 4 genes in the CHI pathway, 2 genes in the FLS pathway, 1 gene in the DFR pathway, 1 gene in the CYP73A pathway, 1 gene in the CYP75B1 pathway, 3 genes in the PGT1 pathway, 6 genes in the HCT pathway, 2 genes in the C3'H pathway, 1 gene in the CCOAOMT pathway, 1 gene in the ANR pathway, 1 gene in the LAR pathway, 2 genes in the 3AT pathway, 1 gene in the BZ1 pathway, 2 genes in the IFTM7 pathway, and 1 gene in the CYP81E9 pathway. Six transcription factors, including C2H2, bHLH, and bZIP, were involved in regulating the differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra. The qRT-PCR results showed that the up-or down-regulated expression of the 8 randomly selected enzyme genes involved in flavonoid synthesis in the leaves and roots of S. glabra was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study preliminarily analyzed the transcriptional regulation mechanism of differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, laying a foundation for further elucidating the regulatory effects of key enzyme genes and corresponding transcription factors on the accumulation of flavonoids in S. glabra.

Pain experience of lung cancer patients during home recovery after surgery: A qualitative descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with lung cancer surgery often suffer pain after discharge. However, there is limited evidence to describe the pain experience from the qualitative investigation. This study was designed to describe the pain experience of lung cancer patients during home recovery after surgery and to provide evidence for developing pain management strategies. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study recruited 35 patients who had received lung resection and were discharged by purposive sampling from May to July 2022. Mobile phone interviews were conducted to collect views on patients' pain experience after discharge. The interviews were audio-recorded and converted verbatim into standard text, and the data were iteratively thematic analyzed. RESULTS: A thematic framework was identified for three themes: perception and impact of pain, coping styles for pain, and unmet needs for pain. Whether short or long-term after discharge, patients complain that they suffer from different degrees and types of pain, causing them a "double burden" physically and mentally. The lack of knowledge about pain may lead them to adopt very different coping styles and desire professional continuous pain management. CONCLUSIONS: This study may help clarify the status of pain problems that patients face after lung cancer surgery and provides multiple dimensions of pain assessment and management objectives for quantitative research. We call on medical staff to pay attention to patients' perspectives and related needs after discharge and formulate targeted management strategies to reduce pain and improve their quality of life.