RESUMEN
The multi-hole probe can measure the velocity and three-dimensional direction of the flow field at the same time, so it is often used to measure the three-dimensional flow field. Compared with other flow field measuring instruments, the multi-hole probe has stronger environmental adaptability and stability, and can better measure the three-dimensional flow field of the middle atmosphere. Therefore, a hemispherical 7-hole probe was designed, a pressure-velocity parameterized equation was established based on the theory of flow around a sphere, and a new calibration method was developed based on this. The calibration is carried out in a subsonic low speed wind tunnel, multiple combinations of flow parameters (inflow velocity and flow angles) are adjusted during the calibration. The results are compared with the numerical simulation results, both are quite close, with a speed measurement deviation of less than 5% and an angle measurement deviation of less than 1°. Our results establish the practicality of the hemispherical 7-hole probe and the simplified calibration procedure, both of which improve calibration efficiency and lower probe calibration costs.
RESUMEN
The clinical TNM staging system is currently used to evaluate the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The 5-year survival rate for patients with HNSCC is less than 50%, which is attributed to the lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers. Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) regulate cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, we analyzed the correlation between FRGs and the clinical outcomes of patients with HNSCC. A typical prognostic model of FRGs for HNSCC was constructed using bioinformatics tools and data from public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and GeneCards. The model was generated based on the following six FRGs: ATG5, PRDX6, OTUB1, FTH1, SOCS1, and MAP3K5. The accuracy of model prediction was analyzed systematically. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group. The AUC for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival were 0.645, 0.721, and 0.737, respectively, in the training set (TCGA cohort) and 0.726, 0.620, and 0.584, respectively, in the validation set (GSE65858). The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that six FRGs were enriched in the ferroptosis pathway. A novel FRG prognostic signature model was established for HNSCC. The findings of this study reveal that FRGs are potential biomarkers for HNSCC.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Ferroptosis/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Nomogramas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biología Computacional , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ontología de Genes , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
TLRs recognizing PAMPS play a role in local immunity and participate in implant-associated loosening. TLR-mediated signaling is primarily regulated by IL-1 receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) negatively and IRAK-4 positively. Our previous studies have proved that wear particles promote endotoxin tolerance in macrophages by inducing IRAK-M. However, whether IRAK-4 is involved in inflammatory osteolysis of wear particles basically, and the specific mechanism of IRAK-4 around loosened hip implants, is still unclear. IRAK-4 was studied in the interface membranes from patients in vivo and in particle-stimulated macrophages to clarify its role. Also, IL-1ß and TNF-α levels were measured after particle and LPS stimulation in macrophages with or without IRAK-4 silenced by siRNA. Our results showed that the interface membranes around aseptic and septic loosened prosthesis expressed more IRAK-4 compared with membranes from osteoarthritic patients. IRAK-4 in macrophages increased upon particle and LPS stimulation. In the former, IL-1ß and TNF-α levels were lower compared with those of LPS stimulation, and IRAK-4 siRNA could suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that besides IRAK-M, IRAK-4 also plays an important role in the local inflammatory reaction and contributes to prosthesis loosening.
