Modeling Growth Kinetics of Escherichia coli and Background Microflora in Hydroponically Grown Lettuce.

Hydroponic cultivation of lettuce is an increasingly popular sustainable agricultural technique. However, Escherichia coli, a prevalent bacterium, poses significant concerns for the quality and safety of hydroponically grown lettuce. This study aimed to develop a growth model for E. coli and background microflora in hydroponically grown lettuce. The experiment involved inoculating hydroponically grown lettuce with E. coli and incubated at 4, 10, 15, 25, 30, 36 °C. Growth models for E. coli and background microflora were then developed using Origin 2022 (9.9) and IPMP 2013 software and validated at 5 °C and 20 °C by calculating root mean square errors (RMSEs). The result showed that E. coli was unable to grow at 4 °C and the SGompertz model was determined as the most appropriate primary model. From this primary model, the Ratkowsky square root model and polynomial model were derived as secondary models for E. coli-R168 and background microflora, respectively. These secondary models determined that the minimum temperature (Tmin) required for the growth of E. coli and background microflora in hydroponically grown lettuce was 6.1 °C and 8.7 °C, respectively. Moreover, the RMSE values ranged from 0.11 to 0.24 CFU/g, indicating that the models and their associated kinetic parameters accurately represented the proliferation of E. coli and background microflora in hydroponically grown lettuce.

Synthesis of Solvent-Mediated Morphology-Controlled PdSn Alloy Nanocatalysts and their Application in Electrocatalysis of Ethylene Glycol and Ethanol.

2D nanodendrites (NDs) and nanosheets (NSs) have been regarded as efficient nanocatalysts for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance due to their low coordinated sites and abundant electrocatalytic centers. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to construct advanced NDs and NSs in a single reaction system. Herein, by tuning the volume ratios of mixed solvents, the reduction and diffusion rate of Sn2+ on Pd NSs template was rationally controlled to prepare PdSn NDs and PdSn NSs. Ascribed to the open 2D nanostructure, high specific surface area, and robust synergistic effect, the as-prepared PdSn NDs and PdSn NSs exhibited distinguished electrocatalytic activities for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), as well as commendable electrocatalytic durability, which were far superior to the Pd NSs and commercial Pd/C. In addition, the PdSn NDs exhibited enhanced reaction kinetics because the characteristic branch structure exposed a high density of active sites. This work may provide significant guidance for preparing excellent nanocatalysts with various morphological features by simply optimizing the content of the coexisting solvents.

In Situ Electrodeposition of Ultralow Pt into NiFe-Metal-Organic Framework/Nickel Foam Nanosheet Arrays as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting.

Exploring highly effective bifunctional electrocatalysts with surface structural advantages and synergistic optimization effects among multimetals is greatly important for overall water splitting. Herein, we successfully synthesized Pt-loaded NiFe-metal-organic framework nanosheet arrays grown on nickel foam (Pt-NiFe-MOF/NF) via a facile hydrothermal-electrodeposition process. Benefiting from large exposed specific surface, optimal electrical conductivity and efficient metal-support interaction endow Pt-NiFe-MOF/NF with highly catalytic performance, exhibiting small overpotential of 261 mV toward oxygen evolution reaction and 125 mV toward hydrogen evolution reaction at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline medium. More significantly, the assembled water electrolyzer comprising the Pt-NiFe-MOF/NF//Pt-NiFe-MOF/NF couple demands a low cell voltage of 1.45 V to reach 10 mA cm-2. This work renders a viable approach to design dual-functional electrocatalysts with exceptional electrocatalytic activity and stability at high current density, showing the great prospect of water electrolysis for commercial application.

The risk factors and impact of subchorionic hematoma in the first trimester in IVF twin pregnancies: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for subchorionic hematoma (SCH) in the first trimester of in vitro fertilization (IVF) twin pregnancies and investigate the impact of SCH on pregnancy outcomes. Study design: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital. The study recruited patients who were identified with twin pregnancies in the first trimester, undergoing IVF treatment from January 2020 to May 2021. The demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the SCH and the non-SCH groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for SCH and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results: In the first trimester, 38% of patients developed SCH. The independent risk factors for SCH included male factor, hydrosalpinx, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), previous miscarriage, and adenomyosis. With respect to the pregnancy outcomes, only the rate of twin pregnancy loss before 20 gestational weeks was significantly higher in the SCH group than in the non-SCH group. After adjusting for the confounding factors, the presence of SCH diminished the ovarian reserve, and previous miscarriage was independently related to twin pregnancy loss before 20 gestational weeks. Conclusion: This may be the first study to evaluate the risk factors of SCH in twin pregnancies who underwent IVF-ET/FET treatment, which may provide some theoretical basis for clinical practice in the future. Furthermore, it was found that the occurrence of SCH was associated with the loss of both pregnancies before 20 gestational weeks. Therefore, these patients should be offered increased surveillance and timely treatment.

Rapid synthesis of Palladium-Platinum-Nickel ultrathin porous nanosheets with high catalytic performance for alcohol electrooxidation.

Bimetallic two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are widely used in electrocatalysis owing to their unique physicochemical properties, while trimetallic 2D materials of porous structures with large surface area are rarely reported. In this paper, a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of ternary ultra-thin PdPtNi nanosheets is developed. By adjusting the volume ratio of the mixed solvents, PdPtNi with porous nanosheets (PNSs) and ultrathin nanosheets (UNSs) was prepared. The growth mechanism of PNSs was investigated through a series of control experiments. Notably, thanks to the high atom utilization efficiency and fast electron transfer, the PdPtNi PNSs have remarkable activity of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The mass activities of the well-tuned PdPtNi PNSs for MOR and EOR were 6.21 A mg-1 and 5.12 A mg-1, respectively, much higher than those of commercial Pt/C and Pd/C. In addition, after durability test, the PdPtNi PNSs exhibited desirable stability with the highest retained current density. Therefore, this work provides a significant guidance for designing and synthesizing a new 2D material with excellent catalytic performance toward direct fuel cells applications.

One-pot synthesis of PdPtAg porous nanospheres with enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward polyalcohol electrooxidation.

Porous nanospheres (PNSs) have great development prospects in the electrocatalysis field because of their structural characteristics, such as a large specific surface area. However, it is still a challenge to find a simple and energy-saving method for the controllable synthesis of PNS nanocatalysts. In this paper, a one-pot CTAC-assisted strategy was developed for the successful formation of PdPtAg PNSs with high porosity at room temperature. Benefitting from the unique structures, optimized composition, acceleration of charge transfer and enhanced resistance to CO poisoning, the PdPtAg PNSs displayed considerably improved electrocatalytic performance with high mass activity and stability toward the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). The EGOR and GOR mass activities of PdPtAg were 5.00 A mgmetal-1 and 3.06 A mgmetal-1, which are 6.22 and 1.91 times that of commercial Pd/C, respectively. This work is expected to offer a new path for improving catalytic performance by simple design and adjustment of morphology.

[Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Refractory/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: The clinical data of 80 refractory/relapsed AML patients who received allo-HSCT from December 2013 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including the overall survival (OS) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) rate, relapse rate, incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM), and the related risk factors were explored. RESULTS: Hematopoietic reconstitution was obtained in all 80 patients after transplantation, the 3-year OS and DFS rates were (48.8±6.3)% and (40.8±6.7)%, respectively. The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse and TRM were 33.8% (95%CI: 0.254-0.449) and 15.0%(95%CI: 0.114-0.198), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that non-remission (NR) status before transplantation, DNMT3A R882 mutations and grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) had negative effects on OS and DFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that the DNMT3A R882 mutations and grade II-IV aGVHD were independent risk factors for OS (HR=0.253, 95%CI: 0.092-0.695, P=0.008; HR=5.681, 95%CI: 2.101-15.361, P=0.001) and DFS (HR=0.200, 95%CI: 0.071-0.569, P=0.003; HR=7.117, 95%CI: 2.556-19.818, P<0.001). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 71.4%(95%CI: 0.610-0.836) in genetic high-risk group, which was higher than 23.3%(95%CI: 0.147-0.370) in intermediate-risk group and 23.5%(95%CI: 0.127-0.437) in favorable-risk group (P=0.006). CONCLUSION: Allo-HSCT is an effective and safe choice for refractory/relapsed AML patients. DNMT3A R882 mutations and grade II-IV aGVHD are negative prognostic factors of allo-HSCT for refractory/relapsed AML patients.

Green and controllable synthesis of kelp-like carbon nitride nanosheets via an ultrasound-mediated self-assembly strategy.

The application of graphite carbon nitride photocatalysts is hampered by their low specific surface areas, few active sites, and low photogenerated electron-hole transfer rates. Here, we report a green and controllable strategy for synthesizing kelp-like carbon nitride nanosheets through self-assembled materials prepared from melamine and trithiocyanuric acid using sonochemistry. The prepared carbon nitride nanosheets showed superior and long-lasting photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution and the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride nanosheets is attributed to the curled porous nanosheet structure and the appropriate amount of O-doping. This work provides a new design strategy for preparing shape-controlled carbon nitride catalysts via a green, fast, sonochemically mediated self-assembly approach.

The clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive in thyroid carcinoma and its potential regulatory pathway.

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of thyroid hormone-responsive (THRSP) and explore its relevant pathways in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). The gene expression data of THRSP were obtained and the prognostic significance of THRSP in THCA was analyzed through various bioinformatics databases. Then, the factors influencing THRSP mRNA expression were explored, and the function of THRSP in predicting the lymph node metastasis (LNM) stage was determined. We further performed the enrichment analysis and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to examine potential regulatory pathways associated with THRSP. THRSP gene expression was significantly increased in THCA compared with the normal tissues. High THRSP mRNA expression had a favorable overall survival (OS) in THCA patients (P < .05). Additionally, the mRNA expression of THRSP was related to stage, histological subtype, and methylation among THCA patients (all P < .05). Besides, THRSP served as a potent predictor in discriminating the LNM stage of thyroid cancer patients. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on THRSP-associated genes, THRSP was positively related to metabolic pathways. The upregulation of THRSP predicted a good OS in THCA patients. Furthermore, THRSP might inhibit THCA progression through positive regulation of metabolism-associated pathways.

Simple Synthesis of PdAg Porous Nanowires as Effective Catalysts for Polyol Oxidation Reaction.

The development of efficient and stable Pd-based electrocatalysts is extremely important to facilitate the development of catalysts for polyol oxidation reactions. To synthesize Pd-based catalysts with excellent catalytic performance, a series of PdAg porous nanowires (PdAg PNWs) with different elemental ratios was constructed by facile synthesis using a seed-mediated method. The synthesized PdAg PNWs have a rough surface and a porous one-dimensional structure, which optimize the specific surface area and surface area of catalysts, thereby providing more active sites for catalysts. PdAg PNWs benefited from the geometric effect of porous nanowires and the synergy between Pd and Ag, showing excellent catalysis (8243.0 and 4137.0 mA mgPd-1) for the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). Among them, the optimal Pd62Ag38 PNWs show the highest catalytic activity (6.0 times and 3.9 times higher than Pd/C) and stability compared with Pd57Ag43 PNWs, Pd51Ag49 PNWs, and Pd/C for EGOR and GOR. At the same time, this porous one-dimensional structure also endows PdAg PNWs with faster electron transfer capabilities than Pd/C. This work will likely provide an effective strategy for constructing cost-effective catalysts.

Research Progress on the Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can lead to severe social behavioral difficulties, which mainly manifests as social communication and interaction disorders; narrow interests; and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. In recent years, the prevalence of ASD has increased annually, and it has evolved from a rare disease to one with a high incidence among childhood developmental disorders. The pathogenesis of ASD is considered to be the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and early childhood can lead to the occurrence of ASD. Studies have demonstrated that vitamin D intervention can significantly improve the symptoms of ASD, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, exploring the neuroprotective mechanism of vitamin D against ASD is a huge challenge currently being worked on by current basic and clinical researchers, a task which is of great significance for the clinical promotion and optimization of vitamin D in the treatment of ASD. To further clarify the relationship between vitamin D and ASD, this review summarizes the correlation between vitamin D level and ASD, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on ASD, the possible mechanism of vitamin D involved in ASD, and insights from ASD animal models.

Impact of salt content and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on protein oxidation, conformational/morphological changes, and micro-rheological properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins.

Salting and rehydration of myofibrils can be interfered with free radical diffusion process. This study investigated the effects of salt content (0, 1, 3 and 5%) and H2O2/ascorbate-based hydroxyl radical (OH)-generating system (1, 10, 20 mM H2O2) on the oxidation, conformation, aggregation, and thermal stability of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MPs). Results showed that 5% of salt inhibited carbonylation of MPs with intensive sulfhydryl loss and tryptophan quenching. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that 20 mM H2O2 transformed more α-helix into ß-sheet of MPs, favoring larger aggregates being selectively exposed towards solvent during salt-induced fiber swelling. Oxidized MPs brined with ≤1% salt underwent partial unfolding with higher flexibility, while up to 5% of salt greatly hampered their hydration potential and weakened inter-fibrillar hydrogen bond with an improved protein solubility. Micro-rheology revealed that 1% of salt and 10 mM H2O2 rendered a denser structure of heat-set MPs gels.

Facile synthesis of low-dimensional PdPt nanocrystals for high-performance electrooxidation of C 2 alcohols.

Low-dimensional noble-metal materials (LDNMs) with different structural advantages have been considered as the high-performance catalysts for C2 alcohol electrooxidation. However, it is still a great challenging to precisely construct nanomaterials with low-dimensional composite structure thus to take advantages of various dimension, especial without the surfactant participation. Most studies focus on the modulation of the single dimensional nanocatalysts, the correlation between electrocatalytic performances and low-dimension composite have been rarely reported. Herein, we engineered a simple one-step approach to design multi-low-dimensional PdPt nanomaterials by using different Pd precursors. The low-dimensional PdPt nanocrystals (NCs) composed of zero dimension (0D) dendrite-like nanoparticles and two dimension (2D) nanosheets were obtained by using Pd(OAc)2, and meanwhile the 2D PdPt nanosheet assemblies (NAs) were synthesized by the introduction of NaPdCl4. Specifically, benefitting from the unique low-dimension structures with fast electron/mass transfer, and optimized electronic and synergistic effect, the multi-low-dimensional 0D-2D PdPt NCs showed the highest ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR)/ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) mass activities, which were much higher than 2D PdPt NAs. The 0D-2D PdPt NCs also exhibited the highest structural stability. Generally, this work could inspire more advanced designs for surfactant-free synthesis and promote the fundamental engineering on nanocatalysts with low-dimension composite structure for electrocatalytic fields.

Identification of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Networks Linked to Non-small Lung Cancer Resistance to Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors that act against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) show strong efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involving mutated EGFRs. However, most such patients eventually develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Numerous researches have reported that messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may be involved in EGFR-TKI resistance, but the comprehensive expression profile and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network between mRNAs and ncRNAs in EGFR-TKI resistance of NSCLC are incompletely known. We aimed to define a ceRNA regulatory network linking mRNAs and non-coding RNAs that may mediate this resistance. Methods: Using datasets GSE83666, GSE75309 and GSE103352 from the Gene Expression Omnibus, we identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs differentially expressed between NSCLC cells that were sensitive or resistant to EGFR-TKIs. The potential biological functions of the corresponding differentially expressed genes were analyzed based KEGG pathways. We combined interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the RNAInter database with KEGG pathways to generate transcriptional regulatory ceRNA networks associated with NSCLC resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the ability of core ceRNA regulatory sub-networks to predict the progression-free interval and overall survival of NSCLC. The expression of two core ceRNA regulatory sub-networks in NSCLC was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: We identified 8,989 lncRNAs, 1,083 miRNAs and 3,191 mRNAs that were differentially expressed between patients who were sensitive or resistant to the inhibitors. These DEGs were linked to 968 biological processes and 31 KEGG pathways. Pearson analysis of correlations among the DEGs of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs identified 12 core ceRNA regulatory sub-networks associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs. The two lncRNAs ABTB1 and NPTN with the hsa-miR-150-5p and mRNA SERPINE1 were significantly associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs and survival in NSCLC. These lncRNAs and the miRNA were found to be down-regulated, and the mRNA up-regulated, in a resistant NSCLC cell line relative to the corresponding sensitive cells. Conclusion: In this study, we provide new insights into the pathogenesis of NSCLC and the emergence of resistance to EGFR-TKIs, based on a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.

One-pot synthesis of core@shell PdAuPt nanodendrite@Pd nanosheets for boosted visible light-driven methanol electrooxidation.

Herein, we developed a one-pot, surfactant-free approach to obtain a PdPtAu@Pd core@shell catalyst for the photocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction. By virtue of its dimensions, conjunction architecture and robust core@shell construction, 0D@2D PdPtAu@Pd exhibited a superior catalytic performance, with a mass activity 2.3- and 6.7-times higher than that of Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts, respectively.

Rich grain boundaries endow networked PdSn nanowires with superior catalytic properties for alcohol oxidation.

Networked nanowire (NNW)-structured catalysts have attracted extensive attention due to their large surface area and structural stability, which mean that they have excellent catalytic activity and stability and can be used as anode reaction catalysts for use in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). Herein, a series of networked PdSn nanowires synthesized via a modified polyol strategy are used as efficient DAFCs anode reaction catalysts. The introduction of Sn plays an important role in the improvement of catalytic behavior, in which the existence of Sn promotes the oxidation of intermediates by providing abundant oxyphilic species. Moreover, the generated PdSn NNWs-3 with optimal content show rich grain boundaries and an even NNW structure, which provides more active sites to further improve catalytic performance, so it exhibits excellent activity toward alcohol oxidation. The mass activities of PdSn NNWs-3 toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) are 8105.0 and 3099.5 mA mgPd-1, which are 6.9 and 10.7 times higher than those of Pd/C, respectively. Compared with Pd/C, the PdSn NNWs also display enhanced stability towards the EOR and MOR. This work demonstrates that NNW nanocatalysts indeed exhibit excellent catalytic performance for alcohol oxidation reactions.

Solvent-Mediated Shell Dimension Reconstruction of Core@Shell PdAu@Pd Nanocrystals for Robust C1 and C2 Alcohol Electrocatalysis.

The core@shell structure dimension of the Pd-based nanocrystals deeply impacts their catalytic properties for C1 and C2 alcohol oxidation reactions. However, the precise simultaneous control on the synthesis of core@shell nanocrystals with different shell dimensions is difficult, and most synthesis on Pd-based core@shell nanocatalysts involves the surfactants participation by multiple steps, thus leads to limited catalytic properties. Herein, for the first time, a facile one-step surfactant-free strategy is developed for shell dimension reconstruction of PdAu@Pd core@shell nanocrystals by altering volume ratios of mixed solvents. The Pd-based sunflower-like (SL) and coral grass-like (CGL) nanocrystals are obtained with different 2D hexagonal nanosheet assembles and 3D network shells, respectively. Benefitting from the clean surface shell of 2D ultrathin nanosheets structure, high atom utilization efficiency, and robust electronic effect. The PdAu@Pd SL achieves the ascendant methanol/ethanol/ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (MOR/EOR/EGOR) activities, much higher than Pd/C catalysts, as well as the improved antipoisoning ability. Notably, this one-step construction shell dimension of PdAu@Pd core@shell catalysts not only provide a significant reference for the improvement of surfactant-free synthetic routes, but also shed light on the advanced engineering on shell dimensions in core@shell nanostructures for electrocatalysis and so forth.

Suspect and target screening of emerging pesticides and their transformation products in an urban river using LC-QTOF-MS.

This study sheds light on the occurrence of emerging pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) in an urban river in Beijing that is mainly supplemented with treated wastewater. To this end, suspect and non-target screening was conducted using a database of 557 commercial pesticides and over 1400 predicted TPs. Finally, 30 pesticides and 20 TPs were identified, with 12 pesticides and 10 TPs detected in all samples. Eleven pesticides and 17 TPs were detected in Beijing for the first time. Among these, 18 compounds were confirmed using authentic standards. Concentrations of the confirmed and suspected compounds were determined by quantification and semi-quantification, respectively, based on 18 authentic standards. Fungicides and their TPs constituted the largest group and exhibited the highest total concentration (26 compounds; 52.2 µg/L), followed by insecticides (14 compounds; 51.3 µg/L) and herbicides (10 compounds; 24.5 µg/L). DEET, carbendazim, prometryn, ω-carboxylic acid, 2-aminobenzimidazole, metolachlor TP, hexaconazole TP, metalaxyl TP, and azoxystrobin TP exhibited relatively high mean concentration (>100 ng/L). Among the 20 TPs, approximately 65% showed higher concentrations than their parent compounds. Correlation analysis revealed that 6 pesticides and 10 TPs in the river were mainly contributed by the discharge from a wastewater treatment plant. Although a majority of the emerging pesticides had low toxicity, 10 pesticides exhibited high risks to aquatic systems, especially invertebrates.

Core@shell PtAuAg@PtAg Hollow Nanodendrites as Effective Electrocatalysts for Methanol and Ethylene Glycol Oxidation.

Pt-based catalysts with core@shell structures are widely used in alcohol oxidations due to their excellent catalytic performance. In this work, we synthesized a series of core@shell PtAuAg@PtAg hollow nanodendrites (HNDs) with different compositions by a simple seed-mediated method. The PtAuAg@PtAg HNDs with a hollow core and dendritic shell exhibit excellent catalytic performance for ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Among these, Pt38Au29Ag33 HNDs have the highest mass activity (12364.0 mA mgPt-1/3278.0 mA mgPt-1) for EGOR and MOR, which is 4.2 times and 5.3 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (2941.0 mA mgPt-1/617.6 mA mgPt-1), respectively. More importantly, after successive cyclic voltammetry tests, the retained mass activities of Pt38Au29Ag33 HNDs are 3913.8 mA mgPt-1 and 348.3 mA mgPt-1, which are much higher than that of commercial Pt/C as well. The excellent catalytic performance of PtAuAg@PtAg HNDs can be attributed to the structure of HNDs, which can greatly increase the surface area and active sites, as well as the electronic and synergistic effects among Pt, Au, and Ag. This research may provide new ideas for the development of high-efficiency hollow catalytic materials for EGOR and MOR.

One-pot synthesis of rugged PdRu nanosheets as the efficient catalysts for polyalcohol electrooxidation.

Recently, intensive attention has been attracted to the two-dimensional metal nanosheets, owing to their excellent electrocatalytic performance for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). Herein, PdRu nanosheets have been synthesized successfully by a facile one-pot method. The rugged nanosheet structure provided plentiful surface active sites to enhance the electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, benefiting from the synergistic effect and improved electronic structure, PdRu NSs exhibited splendid electrocatalytic performance in ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). Specifically, the mass activity of PdRu NSs was 1.72 and 3.69 times over those of Pd NSs and Pd/C catalysts in EGOR. Moreover, PdRu NSs displayed the largest mass activity in GOR, 1.48 and 2.47 times as large as Pd NSs and Pd/C catalysts. The results of stability tests demonstrated that the durability of PdRu NSs was the highest among the obtained catalysts. This work plays a directive role on the in-depth engineering on Pd-based catalysts with nanosheet architectures.