Optical enhancement mode 2 improves the detection rate of gastric neoplastic lesion in high-risk populations: A multicenter randomized controlled clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: Detection of early neoplastic lesions is crucial for improving the survival rates of patients with gastric cancer. Optical enhancement mode 2 is a new image-enhanced endoscopic technique that offers bright images and can improve the visibility of neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to compare the detection of neoplastic lesions with optical enhancement mode 2 and white-light imaging (WLI) in a high-risk population. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients were randomly assigned to optical enhancement mode 2 or WLI groups. Detection of suspicious neoplastic lesions during the examinations was recorded, and pathological diagnoses served as the gold standard. RESULTS: A total of 1211 and 1219 individuals were included in the optical enhancement mode 2 and WLI groups, respectively. The detection rate of neoplastic lesions was significantly higher in the optical enhancement mode 2 group (5.1% vs. 1.9%; risk ratio, 2.656 [95% confidence interval, 1.630-4.330]; p < 0.001). The detection rate of neoplastic lesions with an atrophic gastritis background was significantly higher in the optical enhancement mode 2 group (8.6% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001). The optical enhancement mode 2 group also had a higher detection rate among endoscopists with different experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Optical enhancement mode 2 was more effective than WLI for detecting neoplastic lesions in the stomach, and can serve as a new method for screening early gastric cancer in clinical practice. CLINICAL REGISTRY: United States National Library of Medicine (https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov), ID: NCT040720521.

Mediating role of anxiety and impulsivity in the association between child maltreatment and lifetime non-suicidal self-injury with and without suicidal self-injury.

BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment can increase the risk of lifetime non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal self-injury (SSI), but there is limited knowledge regarding the differences of potentially psychological mechanisms between NSSI with and without SSI. METHODS: Participants, 3918 community-based Chinese young men aged 18-34 years in Chengdu, were included in this study. We investigated the association between depression, anxiety, psychosis, child maltreatment, adulthood traumatic events, impulsivity, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and lifetime of NSSI among participants with and without SSI. Parallel mediation analysis was utilized to explore the mediators for the relation between child maltreatment and NSSI. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime NSSI was 6.1 % (95 % CI: 5.4 %-6.9 %) among young men. Anxiety and impulsivity partially mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI either with (indirect effect: 51.2 %) or without SSI (indirect effect: 34.3 %). Depression was independently and significantly associated with only NSSI but not with NSSI+SSI. Alcohol dependence and psychosis were independently and significantly associated with NSSI+SSI and mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI+SSI. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional survey data limits the robustness of the proof to the causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and impulsivity are associated with NSSI either with or without SSI and partially mediate the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI. Depression is associated with only NSSI, while alcohol dependence and psychosis are only associated with NSSI+SSI. It could be crucial to improve treatment and recovery of alcohol dependence and psychosis for preventing young men engaged in NSSI from attempting SSI.

[Identification and characteristics of multiple agrometeorological disaster of maize in Liaoning Province, China]. / 辽宁省玉米复合农业气象灾害判识及特征.

Multiple agrometeorological disaster (MAD) occurs simultaneously in maize production. In order to ascertain the occurrence regularity and characteristics of MAD of maize in Liaoning Pro-vince, we defined and classified MAD, identified MAD of 50 meteorological stations in the maize growing season of Liaoning Province from 1961 to 2017, and examined the effects of MAD on maize yield in typical years. The results showed that the occurrence range of MAD was higher in most years from 1961 to 2017 than that of single agrometeorological disaster (SAD), and that the occurrence frequency of MAD was higher in most areas than that of SAD. The major MAD in Liaoning Province was drought in multiple periods (M1-D), followed by the combination of drought and delayed cold damage (M2-DC). The occurrence range of M1-D showed an upward trend from 1961 to 2017, whereas other MAD types showed a downward trend. After analyzing the occurrence of MAD in the typical years of maize yield reduction, we found that the occurrence frequency of M1-D and M2-DC was higher.

Lignite as additives accelerates the removal of antibiotic resistance genes during poultry litter composting.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure are a great threat to human health. This study investigated the effects of lignite addition at three levels (5%, 10%, 15% w/w) on the profiles of ARGs and the bacterial communities during poultry litter composting. Lignite addition effectively promoted the removal of manure-borne ARGs. After 65 days of composting, the relative abundances of ARGs decreased by 8.9% in control (no lignite), and by 15.8%, 27.7% and 41.5% in 5%, 10% and 15% lignite treatments, respectively. Although the total mobile genetic elements were enriched after composting, the enrichment of the intI-1 gene was significantly lower in the 10% and 15% lignite treatments compared with control. Network analysis indicated that Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were potential bacterial hosts for ARGs. Redundancy analysis showed that bacterial community succession played a key role in the shifts of ARGs. Taken together, this study provides evidence that lignite as additives promoted the removal efficacy of ARGs during composting of poultry litter.

The Effect of Carbonic Maceration during Winemaking on the Color, Aroma and Sensory Properties of 'Muscat Hamburg' Wine.

This is the first study on the effect of carbonic maceration on the quality (color, aroma profile and sensory properties) of Muscat Hamburg, contrasting two winemaking procedures used in Tianjin (classical white and red-winemaking techniques). The values of C* (psychometric chroma), a* (measure of redness) and b* (measure of yellowness) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the carbonic macerated wine than in red wine. However, there were no visual differences in color, and classical red wine and carbonic macerated wine had similar h (hue angle) values and located in the red region. Thirty-two aromatic compounds were identified and quantified in Muscat Hamburg wines. The content of volatile compounds (6384.97 µg/L) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the carbonic macerated Muscat Hamburg wine than in the other kinds of wine. This result led to the carbonic macerated wine having the highest odor activity values (OAVs) and sensory evaluation scores (86.8 points), which correlates with an "excellent" sensory perception. This study demonstrated that carbonic maceration significantly improved the quality of Muscat Hamburg wine based on volatile analysis and sensory evaluation compared with other conventional methods. Therefore, carbonic maceration could be well suited for making Muscat Hamburg wine.

[Effects of drought stress and subsequent rewatering on major physiological parameters of spring maize during the key growth periods]. / å ³é”®å‘è‚²æœŸå¹²æ—±åŠå¤æ°´è¿‡ç¨‹å¯¹æ˜¥çŽ‰ç±³ä¸»è¦ç”Ÿç†å‚æ•°çš„å½±å“.

For deeply understanding water consumption characteristics and disaster-causing mechanism of spring maize under drought stress, continuous no-water complementing for 40 days and subsequent rewatering treatments were conducted in jointing (T1) and tasseling (T2) stages of spring maize 'Danyu 39'. In the meantime, leaf and root water potential, main variables associated with photosynthesis including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conduc-tance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) and stem flow rate (SF) were dynamically observed and the characteristics of their responses to drought and subsequent rehydration were investigated. The results indicated that leaf and root water potential, both presenting logarithm relationships with soil water content, decreased due to suffering from drought stress in different growth stages and the response of the former lagged behind that of the latter. At the same time, the response of leaf (root) water potential to drought stress in tasseling stage was earlier (later) than in jointing stage. For the response of rewatering, leaf water potential for the treatment T1(T2) was (not) able to recover to a certain extent, and could not reach the normal condition, while water potential of root was more responsive and closer to the normal level than that of leaf for the treatment T1. Furthermore, Pn and Tr responded more quickly to the treatment T2 than to the treatment T1. For subsequent rewatering after the treatment T1(T2), both Pn and Tr restored rapidly (slowly) with the former exceeding (returning) and the later being (not) able to reach normal level. Meanwhile, the response of Tr was faster than that of Pn to the treatment T1 and they responded simultaneously to the treatment T2. The response of gs agreed with Pn to drought stress. Change trend of Ci for the treatment T1(T2) was consistent (opposite) with that of Pn. In addition, SFs for various drought treatments and their daily maximums decreased and appeared ahead of time to different extents, respectively. At the same time, the response of SF to drought stress was more sensitive for the treatment T2 than for T1 and on a clear day than on a cloudy day, but the sensibility of SF declined after drought reached a certain level. Besides, SFs for both the treatment T1 and T2 increased as a result of rewatering after drought and the increase for the treatment T1 was larger than that for the treatment T2.

[Chilling damage comprehensive assessment methods for rice.] / 水稻低温冷害综合评估方法.

Based on the grey correlation analysis method, the chilling damage inducing factors and yield structure traits of rice in different growth stages, and the yield structure traits and final yield of rice were regarded as two grey systems. By seeking the grey relations of the grey systems and using the multi level grey correlation analysis method, the comprehensive assessment model of rice chil-ling damage was constructed, and the comprehensive assessment indices of chilling damages in sepa rate stages were established. The rice chilling damages at 27 stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2015 were assessed separately. The results showed that there was a good corresponding relationship between the chilling damage and the rice yield. The low temperature during the vegetative growth stage, the vegetative growth and reproductive stage, the pollination stage or the grain filling stage significantly decreased the panicle number per plant, the average panicle grain number or the thousand kernel mass, and increased the empty grain rate. A good correspondence existed between temperature and rice yield in the typical chilling damage years.

[Effects of continuous drought during different growth stages on maize and its quantitative relationship with yield loss]. / ä¸åŒç”Ÿè‚²æœŸæŒç»­å¹²æ—±å¯¹çŽ‰ç±³çš„å½±å“åŠå ¶ä¸Žå‡äº§çŽ‡çš„å®šé‡å ³ç³».

To investigate the influences of continuous decline of soil water content during different growth stages on the growth, development and yield of maize, artificial water control experiment with a rainout shelter were conducted, and the dynamic variations of several physiological and ecological indices of maize were analyzed, including plant height, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthesis characteristics, aboveground biomass, and yield. The experimental factors considered in this field experiment were the starting time and duration of water control. Rainfall was sheltered from jointing with duration of 20 (T1) and 27 days (T2) and from heading with duration of 20 (T3) and 27 days (T4) for each starting time. In total, there were 5 treatments in this field experiment, including the treatment of control check (CK). The results indicated that LAI was reduced by conti-nuous drought with leaves rolling, tresses and early aging of lower leaves, thus biomass accumulation and grain yield were reduced. At the end of each treatment of continuous drought, LAI was reduced to 74.9%, 68.2%, 60.5% and 48.3% of the CK LAI for the T1 to T4 treatments, respectively. After experiencing continuous water control, the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pn max) of leaf decreased gradually, with Pn max decreased to 23% of the CK Pn max for the treatment T1 and T3, and to less than 10% of the CK Pn max for the treatment T2 and T4 at the end of each treatment. Two weeks after re-watering, Pn max recovered to around 90% of the CK Pn max. Compared with CK, grain yield decreased by 18.5% and 24.0% for the T1 and T2 treatments, and by 46.1% and 45.8% for the T3 and T4 treatments, respectively. Continuous drought brought about more serious effects during heading period than during jointing period on aboveground biomass and yield components. The drought condition of soil could be represented by drought degree (D), which was linearly correlated with maize yield loss and could be used to predict the yield loss.

Interactions of ABA signaling core components (SlPYLs, SlPP2Cs, and SlSnRK2s) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon).

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates fruit development and ripening via its signaling. However, the exact role of ABA signaling core components in fruit have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the potential interactions of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) ABA signaling core components using yeast two-hybrid analysis, with or without ABA at different concentrations. The results showed that among 12 PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors (SlPYLs), SlPYL1, SlPYL2, SlPYL4, SlPYL5, SlPYL 7, SlPYL8, SlPYL9, SlPYL10, SlPYL11, and SlPYL13 were ABA-dependent receptors, while SlPYL3 and SlPYL12 were ABA-independent receptors. Among five SlPP2Cs (type 2C protein phosphatases) and seven SlSnRK2s (subfamily 2 of SNF1-related kinases), all SlSnRK2s could interact with SlPP2C2, while SlSnRK2.8 also interacted with SlPP2C3. SlSnRK2.5 could interact with SlABF2/4 (ABA-responsive element binding factors). Expressions of SlPYL1, SlPYL2, SlPYL8, and SlPYL10 were upregulated under exogenous ABA but downregulated under nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) at the mature green stage of fruit ripening. The expressions of SlPP2C1, SlPP2C2, SlPP2C3, and SlPP2C5 were upregulated in ABA-treated fruit, but downregulated in NDGA-treated fruit at the mature green stage. The expressions of SlSnRK2.4, SlSnRK2.5, SlSnRK2.6, and SlSnRK2.7 were upregulated by ABA, but downregulated by NDGA. However, SlSnRK2.2 was down regulated by ABA. Expression of SlABF2/3/4 was enhanced by ABA but decreased by NDGA. Based on these results, we concluded that the majority of ABA receptor PYLs interact with SlPP2Cs in an ABA-dependent manner. SlPP2C2 and SlPP2C3 can interact with SlSnRK2s. SlSnRK2.5 could interact with SlABF2/4. Most ABA signaling core components respond to exogenous ABA.

[Effect of climatic mean value change on the evaluation result of rice delayed cold damage in Liaoning Province, Northeast China].

The anomaly of mean temperature summation from May to September (ΔT5-9) was commonly used to assess delayed cold damage of rice in Northeast China, but whether the change of statistics years for climatic mean value (ΣT5-9) would affect the, evaluation results of Liaoning rice under cold damage needed to be further studied. By using the meteorological industry standard of the People's Republic of China "technical standard on rice cold damage evaluation" (QX/T 182- 2013) and the supplemental indices (ΔT5-9), the index (ΣT5-9) was calculated in four periods 1961-1990 (S1), 1971-2000 (S2), 1981-2010 (S3) and 1961-2010 (S4), and the spatial and temporal changes of cold damage in Liaoning Province were analyzed based on the ratio between cold damage stations and total stations (IOC) and the occurrence frequency. The results showed that the heat condition (Σ T5-9) in rice growing season increased obviously and the spatial and temporal changes were significant from 1961 to 2010. The original meteorological index of rice cold damage was improved by using quadratic polynomial model. The identification results were similar between S2 and S4. The variation coefficient of IOC in S3 was lower than that of the other three. Compared with the typical rice yield reduction years, the evaluation results accorded better with the actual situation in evaluating the rice delayed cold damage in Liaoning during study period by using the S3 climate mean value. The results could provide evidence for accurately evaluating the variation of rice cold damage in spatial and temporal distribution in Liaoning Province under the background of global climate change.

[Spatiotemporal dynamics of maize water suitability and assessment of agricultural drought in Liaoning Province, China from 1981 to 2010].

Maize water suitability (MWS) model was developed at growth stage scale. Frequency and severity of drought were evaluated by combining MWS estimates and agricultural meteorological drought indexes. The MWS at each growth stage was calculated by using maize observational data and conventional meteorological data at 52 sites in Liaoning during the period from 1981 to 2010. Based on the climatic trend and abrupt change analysis, spatiotemporal dynamics of MWS were investigated. Meanwhile, occurrence of agricultural drought and its severity were also estimated. The results showed that the variation of MWS largely differed at different growth stages. Climatic abrupt change happened in 1994, 1996 and 1999 at the stages of emergence to seven leaves (II), jointing to tasseling (IV) and physiological maturity to maturity (VI). During the past 30 years, MWS showed an obvious increasing trend at the stages of sowing to emergence(I) , seven leaves to jointing(III), IV and tasseling to physiological maturity(V), while it showed a decreasing trend at the stages of II and VI, and that at VI stage was statistically significant. In addition, the climatic trend of MWS showed apparently spatial variability. The frequencies of drought at different severities varied with maize growth stages. Areas of high variability of MWS were located in the Northwest and South of Liaoning at the stages of I , II , III and VI, where were also the regions of high frequency of mid- and severe-drought. At the stages of IV and V, the frequency of drought was low and only light- and mid-drought occurred in few areas. In conclusion, the regional mean MWS could be capable to reasonably assess the agricultural drought in Liaoning at the regional scale.

Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profiles in gastric cancer.

AIM: To investigate the expression patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer. METHODS: Two publicly available human exon arrays for gastric cancer and data for the corresponding normal tissue were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We re-annotated the probes of the human exon arrays and retained the probes uniquely mapping to lncRNAs at the gene level. LncRNA expression profiles were generated by using robust multi-array average method in affymetrix power tools. The normalized data were then analyzed with a Bioconductor package linear models for microarray data and genes with adjusted P-values below 0.01 were considered differentially expressed. An independent data set was used to validate the results. RESULTS: With the computational pipeline established to re-annotate over 6.5 million probes of the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array, we identified 136053 probes uniquely mapping to lncRNAs at the gene level. These probes correspond to 9294 lncRNAs, covering nearly 76% of the GENCODE lncRNA data set. By analyzing GSE27342 consisting of 80 paired gastric cancer and normal adjacent tissue samples, we identified 88 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in gastric cancer, some of which have been reported to play a role in cancer, such as LINC00152, taurine upregulated 1, urothelial cancer associated 1, Pvt1 oncogene, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 and LINC00261. In the validation data set GSE33335, 59% of these differentially expressed lncRNAs showed significant expression changes (adjusted P-value < 0.01) with the same direction. CONCLUSION: We identified a set of lncRNAs differentially expressed in gastric cancer, providing useful information for discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer.

[Urban heat island effect based on urban heat island source and sink indices in Shenyang, Northeast China].

Based on the remote images in 2001 and 2010, the source and sink areas of urban heat island (UHI) in Shenyang City, Northeast China were determined by GIS technique. The effect of urban regional landscape pattern on UHI effect was assessed with land surface temperature (LST), area rate index (CI) of the source and sink areas and intensity index (LI) of heat island. The results indicated that the land use type changed significantly from 2001 to 2010, which significantly changed the source and sink areas of UHI, especially in the second and third circle regions. The source and sink areas were 94.3% and 5.7% in the first circle region, 64.0% and 36.0% in the third circle region in 2001, while they were 93.4% and 6.6%, 70.2% and 29.8% in 2010, respectively. It suggested that the land use pattern extended by a round shape in Shenyang led to the corresponding UHI pattern. The LST in the study area tended to decrease from the first circle region to the third. The UHI intensity was characterized with a single center in 2001 and with several centers in 2010, and the grade of UHI intensity was in a decreasing trend from 2001 to 2010. The absolute value of CI increased from the first circle region to the third, and the L1 was close to 1, suggesting the change in land use pattern had no significant influence on UHI in Shenyang.

[Spectral characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis canopy with different damaged rates of needle leaf in western Liaoning Province, Northeast China].

Through the measurement of the spectral reflectance of large areas Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. ) canopy in western Liaoning Province, this paper analyzed the difference of the spectral reflectance of the canopies with different damaged rates of needle leaf. In visible band, the characteristics of the spectral reflectance of P. tabulaeformis canopies with healthy and damaged needle leaf were in accordance with the spectral characteristics of green plants, but the position of red valley was not obvious when the damaged rate of needle leaf was higher than 60%. In near-infrared band, with the decrease of the damaged rate of needle leaf, the canopy spectral reflectance increased at 780-1350 nm, but decreased at 1450-1800 and 1950-2350 nm. With the increase of the damaged rate, the position of red-edge inflection moved to the short-wave direction. There were significant correlations between the damaged rate of needle leaf and the red edge feature variables and some vegetation indices. The model based on DVI (1470, 860) could be more reliable for predicting the damaged rate of needle leaf in P. tabulaeformis canopy in western Liaoning Province.

[Maize growth and its responses to heat condition in Northeast China].

Taking 3 maize cultivars (Danyu 39, Yuandan 29, and Longdan 13) as test materials, a field experiment was conducted to study their growth characteristics and responses to air temperature under the conditions of early, medium and late sowing. For the three cultivars, the days from sowing to seedling emergence under early, medium and late sowing were averagely 13, 11 and 8 d, respectively, and the seedling emergence rate was the fastest when the mean air temperature was about 18 degrees C. Higher or lower air temperature would decrease the seedling emergence rate. The test cultivars had less difference in the days from seedling to jointing, which was slightly affected by air temperature. Compared with Danyu 39 and Yuandan 29, the late-maturing Longdan 13 had an increased growth rate from jointing to mature stage, and thus, the days for mature shortened markedly. For all the three maize cultivars, the days from jointing to mature tended to decrease with increasing air temperature. The dry matter accumulation rate in whole growth period, grain yield, and 100-seed mass were in the order of Danyu 39 > Yuandan 29 > Longdan 13.

[Urban heat island intensity and its grading in Liaoning Province of Northeast China].

According to the recorded air temperature data and their continuity of each weather station, the location of each weather station, the numbers of and the distances among the weather stations, and the records on the weather stations migration, several weather stations in Liaoning Province were selected as the urban and rural representative stations to study the characteristics of urban heat island (UHI) intensity in the province. Based on the annual and monthly air temperature data of the representative stations, the ranges and amplitudes of the UHI intensity were analyzed, and the grades of the UHI intensity were classified. The Tieling station, Dalian station, Anshan station, Chaoyang station, Dandong station, and Jinzhou station and the 18 stations including Tai' an station were selected as the representative urban and rural weather stations, respectively. In 1980-2009, the changes of the annual UHI intensity in the 6 representative cities differed. The annual UHI intensity in Tieling was in a decreasing trend, while that in the other five cities was in an increasing trend. The UHI intensity was strong in Tieling but weak in Dalian. The changes of the monthly UHI intensity in the 6 representative cities also differed. The distribution of the monthly UHI intensity in Dandong, Jinzhou and Tieling took a "U" shape, with the maximum and minimum appeared in January and in May-August, respectively, indicating that the monthly UHI intensity was strong in winter and weak in summer. The ranges of the annual and monthly UHI intensity in the 6 cities were 0.57-2.15 degrees C and -0.70-4.60 degrees C, and the ranges of 0.5-2.0 degrees C accounted for 97.8% and 72.3%, respectively. The UHI intensity in the province could be classified into 4 grades, i. e., weak, strong, stronger and strongest.

[Impacts of drought stress on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China].

Taking spring maize variety Danyu-39 as test object, an experiment was conducted in a large-scale agricultural water controlling experimental field to study the impacts of drought stress at three key growth stages, i. e. , 3-leaf-jointing, jointing-silking, and silking-milk ripe, on the growth and development and grain yield of spring maize in Northeast China. Two treatments were installed, including moderate drought stress (MS) and re-watering to suitable water (CK). Compared with CK, the MS at 3-leaf-jointing stage postponed the whole growth period of Danyu-39 by 13 d, and the plant height and leaf area at jointing stage were decreased by 29.8% and 41.2%, respectively. After re-watering, the plant height and grain yield recovered obviously, and the differences in ear characteristics and final yield were insignificant. The MS at jointing-silking stage shortened the whole growth period by 7 d, the plant height and leaf area at silking stage were decreased by 18.6% and 14.1%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear, ear dry mass, and grain mass per ear decreased by 6.9%, 19.1%, 28.1%, and 29.4%, respectively, and the blank stem rate increased by 13.3%. When the maize suffered from moderate drought stress at silking-milk ripe stage, the whole growth period was shortened by 15 d, the plant height and leaf area at milk ripe stage were decreased by 2.3% and 37.3%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear, ear dry mass, and grain mass per ear decreased by 9.2%, 24.1%, 30.8%, and 27.9%, respectively, and the blank stem rate increased by 24.5%. After re-watering at the latter two stages, the recovery of plant height was little, and the grain yield decreased significantly.

[Hyperspectral characteristics of spring maize from jointing to silking stage under drought stress].

By monitoring hyperspectral characteristics of spring maize from jointing to silking stage under different drought stress in Jinzhou of Liaoning, China, its spectral characteristics of visible light, red edge region and near infrared were researched, and the correlation of spectral reflectivity of different wavelength with soil moisture was analyzed. The results show that during the jointing to siking stage, the spectral reflectivity of 350-710 nm has significant negative correlation to soil moisture of 0 and 20 cm depth, but the spectral reflectivity of 710-1 300 nm has positive correlation to soil moisture of 0, 20, 40 and 60 cm, and the significant correlation is at 40 cm depth. The spectral reflectivity of red edge region (680-760 nm) which is relatively sensitive and stable, can better reflect the growth status of the plant, and the reflectivity variation per unit wavelength in this region increased at first and then decreased. The trend of polynomial regression curve of red edge parameters and soil moisture of different depth (0-60 cm) is similar, which shows that soil moisture of 0 and 20 cm increased at first and then decreased, but that of 40 cm and 60cm was opposite.

[Characteristics of heat island effect in inner and outer suburbs of Shenyang and the relationships with urbanization].

The monthly, annual, and inter-decade variations of heat island effect in inner and outer suburbs of Shenyang and their relationships with urbanization were analyzed, based on the air temperature data from 1961 to 2008. It was indicated that the monthly and annual heat island effect was higher in inner suburb than in outer suburb, and decreased from inner suburb to outer suburb. The variation trend of monthly heat island effect in inner and outer suburbs was similar from March to November, but in contrary from December to next February, possibly due to the effects of heating in winter. The annual heat island effect in both inner and outer suburbs had an increasing trend before 2000 but a decreasing trend after 2000, and was significantly positively correlated with the green land area, population, and established construction area before 2000 (P < 0.05), but significantly negatively correlated with them after 2000 (P < 0.05), the correlation degree being 0.43, 0.52, and 0.26, respectively.