DBU-catalyzed diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cycloaddition of trifluoroethyl amine-derived isatin ketimines with chalcones: synthesis of 5'-CF3-substituted 3,2'-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles.

A diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between trifluoroethyl amine-derived isatin ketimines and chalcones was successfully achieved in the presence of DBU. A series of 5'-CF3-substituted 3,2'-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles were efficiently synthesized with high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 89% yield, and >99 : 1 dr). The in vitro anticancer activities of these highly functionalized spiro[pyrrolidin-3,2'-oxindole] derivatives were evaluated.

Dehydroabietane-type bifunctional organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis: recent progress.

Dehydroabietane-type bifunctional organocatalysts derived from rosane-type diterpenes of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) and dehydroabietylamine (DA) have been utilized in a wide variety of highly enantioselective reactions. Since one well-documented review exclusively reported on the development of terpene-derived bifunctional thioureas in asymmetric organocatalysis in 2013, fragmentary progress on the dehydroabietane-type bifunctional thioureas and squaramides has been mentioned in other reviews. In this mini-review, we systematically analyze and reorganize the published literature on dehydroabietane-type bifunctional organocatalysts in the recent decade according to the type of catalysts. Our aim is for this review to provide helpful research information and serve as a foundation for further design and application of rosin-based organocatalysts.

Atropisomeric Phosphine Ligands Bearing C-N Axial Chirality: Applications in Enantioselective Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Towards the Assembly of Tetra-ortho-Substituted Biaryls.

Biaryl phosphines bearing C(Ar)-C(Ar) axial chirality are commonly known and have been successfully applied in many asymmetric catalyses. Nevertheless, the development of a chiral ligand having an axially chiral C(Ar)-N backbone remains elusive due to its undesirable less restricted rotational barrier. In fact, it is highly attractive to overcome this challenge in ligand development as the incorporation of an N-donor component at the chiral axis is more favorable toward the transient metal coordination, and thus, a better outcome of stereocommunication is anticipated to the approaching substrates. Herein, we present a rational design of a new collection of chiral phosphines featuring a C-N axial chirality and their applications in enantioselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling for accessing highly steric hindered tetra-ortho-substituted biaryls (26 examples up to 98:2 er). It is worth noting that the embodied carbazolyl framework is crucial to succeed the reaction, by the fruitful steric relief of bulky substrate coordination and transmetalation via a fleeting Pd-N jumping to Pd-π fashion. DFT calculation reveals an interesting Pd-arene-walking characteristic across the carbazolyl plane for attaining a lower energy-preferred route in a catalytic cycle. The theoretical study successfully predicts the stereooutcome and matches the enantioselectivity with the experimental results.

Interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks with enhanced photoluminescence for selective recognition of m-xylene from xylene isomers.

Two novel luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn3(TCA)2(BPB)2]n (DZU-101, where H3TCA = 4,4',4''-tricarboxyltriphenylamine and BPB = 1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene) and [Zn3(TCA)2(BPB)DMA]n (DZU-102), based on the same ligands and metal ions were synthesized by regulating the amount of water in the solvothermal reaction system. Structural analyses show that the two MOFs have pillar-layered frameworks with Zn3 clusters connected by the TCA3- and BPB ligands. Interestingly, DZU-102 possessed a two-fold interpenetrated framework distinct from the individual network of DZU-101. As a result, DZU-102 showed a visual fluorescence color change from chartreuse to azure in m-xylene, while the fluorescence color was turquoise in p-/o-xylene with no change. Furthermore, compared with p/o-xylene, the fluorescence emission peak of DZU-102 in m-xylene suspension produced an obvious blue shift. Moreover, selective fluorescence sensing experiments were also carried out, which demonstrated that the degree of peak shift was related to the concentration of m-xylene, indicating the potential application of DZU-102 in fluorescence sensing of m-xylene from xylene isomers and further revealed the application of structural interpenetration for luminescence tuning of MOFs.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Overactive Bladder in Chinese University Students.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in young adults and to explore the influence of OAB on mental health. METHODS: Between October 2019 and January 2020, 14,010 anonymous questionnaires were distributed to freshmen at 2 universities in Henan, China. The students came from all over the country. The questionnaire included general items and information necessary to calculate the overactive bladder symptom score, the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. The relationships between the prevalence of OAB and its risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of OAB was 6.0%, with 4.3% of participants characterized as having dry OAB and 1.7% as having wet OAB. The prevalence of mild OAB was 5.5%, and that of moderate OAB was 0.5%; no severe OAB was observed. Higher prevalence rates of OAB were found among women, respondents with constipation, and respondents with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) (P <0.05). Compared to healthy controls, the OAB group exhibited a higher mean SDS score (52.12±8.986 vs. 47.71±9.399, P<0.001) and mean PSQI score (5.28±2.486 vs. 4.27±2.431, P<0.001), but a lower mean SES score (27.78±3.599 vs. 29.57±4.109, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: OAB significantly affects the mental health of young adults. Female sex, constipation, and PNE are risk factors for OAB.

WVMDA: Predicting miRNA-Disease Association Based on Weighted Voting.

An increasing number of experiments had verified that miRNA expression is related to human diseases. The miRNA expression profile may be an indicator of clinical diagnosis and provides a new direction for the prevention and treatment of complex diseases. In this work, we present a weighted voting-based model for predicting miRNA-disease association (WVMDA). To reasonably build a network of similarity, we established credibility similarity based on the reliability of known associations and used it to improve the original incomplete similarity. To eliminate noise interference as much as possible while maintaining more reliable similarity information, we developed a filter. More importantly, to ensure the fairness and efficiency of weighted voting, we focus on the design of weighting. Finally, cross-validation experiments and case studies are undertaken to verify the efficacy of the proposed model. The results showed that WVMDA could efficiently identify miRNAs associated with the disease.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychological Effects of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Young Adults.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included. RESULTS: In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (P<0.001). PNE was significantly correlated with the PSQI total score (sleep quality) (P=0.011). The SES score was lower and the SDS was higher (P<0.001) in the PNE group than in those without PNE. CONCLUSION: In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

The Dietary Supplemental Effect of Nitroethanol in Comparison with Monensin on Methane Emission, Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Female Lambs.

This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplemental effects of 2-nitroethanol (NEOH) in comparison with monensin on methane (CH4) emission, growth performance and carcass characteristics in female lambs. Sixty female, small-tailed Chinese Han lambs (3.5 ± 0.3 month) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatment groups: (1) Control group, a basal control diet, (2) monensin group, the basal diet added with 40 mg/kg monensin, (3) NEOH group, the basal diet added with 277 mg/kg nitroethanol, and the feedlotting trial lasted for 70 days. Although dietary addition of monensin and NEOH did not affect nutrient digestibility of lambs, both monensin and NEOH decreased the calculated CH4 production (12.7% vs. 17.4% decrease; p < 0.01). In addition, the CH4 production represents less dietary energy loss in the monensin and NEOH group than in the control, indicating that monensin and NEOH are potent CH4 inhibitors that can reduce dietary energy loss. Dietary addition of monensin and NEOH decreased dry matter intake (p < 0.01); however, they increased the ADG of female lambs (p < 0.01). As a result, both monensin and NEOH increased feed conversion efficiency of the feedlotting lambs (p < 0.01), suggesting that feed energy saved from CH4 production promoted the feed efficiency and ADG in the present study. Except for the fact that NEOH addition increased the net muscle percentage to carcass weight (p = 0.03), neither monensin nor NEOH had a significant influence on carcass characteristics of female lambs (p > 0.05). From an economic point of view, NEOH and monensin caused a reduction in feed consumption costs, therefore resulting in a higher net revenue and economic efficiency than the control. In summary, dietary supplementation of NEOH in comparison with monensin presented a more promoting effect on energy utilization in female lambs by inhibiting rumen methanogenesis more efficiently, and NEOH improved the net revenue and economic efficiency more significantly than monensin.

The Antimethanogenic Nitrocompounds Can be Cleaved into Nitrite by Rumen Microorganisms: A Comparison of Nitroethane, 2-Nitroethanol, and 2-Nitro-1-propanol.

A class of aliphatic short chain nitrocompounds have been reported as being capable of CH4 reduction both in vitro and in vivo. However, the laboratory evidence associated with the metabolic fate of nitrocompounds in the rumen has not been well documented. The present study was conducted to compare in vitro degradation and metabolism of nitroethane (NE), 2-nitroethanol (NEOH), and 2-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH) incubated with mixed rumen microorganisms of dairy cows. After 10 mM supplementation of nitrocompounds, a serious of batch cultures were carried out for 120 h under the presence of two substrates differing in the ratio of maize meal to alfalfa hay (HF, 1:4; LF, 4:1). Compared to the control, methane production was reduced by 59% in NPOH and by >97% in both NE and NEOH, and such antimethanogenic effects were more pronounced in the LF than the HF group. Although NE, NEOH, and NPOH addition did not alter total VFA production, the rumen fermentation pattern shifted toward increasing propionate and butyrate and decreasing acetate production. The kinetic disappearance of each nitrocompound was well fitted to the one-compartment model, and the disappearance rate (k, %/h) of NE was 2.6 to 5.2 times greater than those of NEOH and NPOH. Higher intermediates of nitrite occurred in NEOH in comparison with NPOH and NE while ammonia N production was lowest in NEOH. Consequently, a stepwise accumulation of bacterial crude protein (BCP) in response to the nitrocompound addition was observed in both the HF and LF group. In brief, both NE and NEOH in comparison with NPOH presented greater antimethanogenic activity via the shift of rumen fermentation. In addition, the present study provided the first direct evidence that rumen microbes were able to cleave these nitrocompounds into nitrite, and the subsequent metabolism of nitrite into ammonia N may enhance the growth of rumen microbes or promote microbial activities.

Nitroethanol in Comparison with Monensin Exhibits Greater Feed Efficiency Through Inhibiting Rumen Methanogenesis More Efficiently and Persistently in Feedlotting Lambs.

This study was conducted to determine the dietary supplemental effects of nitroethanol (NEOH) in comparison with monensin on growth performance and estimated methane (CH4) production in feedlotting lambs. Sixty male, small-tailed Chinese Han lambs were arranged at random into three dietary treatment groups: (1) a basal control diet (CTR), (2) the basal diet added with 40 mg/kg monensin (MON), (3) the basal diet added with 277 mg/kg nitroethanol (NEOH). During the 32-day lamb feeding, monensin and nitroethanol were added in period 1 (day 0-16) and then withdrawn in the subsequent period 2 (day 17-32) to determine their withdrawal effects. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion rate in the whole period ranked: NEOH > MON > CTR (p < 0.01), suggesting that the dietary addition of NEOH in comparison with monensin presented a more lasting beneficial effect on feed efficiency. Methane emission was estimated with rumen VFA production and gross energy intake. Both monensin and NEOH addition in comparison with the control remarkably decreased CH4 emission estimate (24.0% vs. 26.4% decrease; p < 0.01) as well as CH4 emission per kg ADG (8.7% vs. 14.0% decrease; p < 0.01), but the NEOH group presented obvious lasting methanogenesis inhibition when they were withdrawn in period 2. Moreover, the in vitro methanogenic activity of rumen fluids was also decreased with monensin or NEOH addition (12.7% vs. 30.5% decrease; p < 0.01). In summary, the dietary addition of NEOH in comparison with monensin presented a greater promoting effect on growth performance in feedlotting lambs by inhibiting rumen methanogenesis more efficiently and persistently.

Enantioselective synthesis of chiral heterocyclic biaryls via asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 3-bromopyridine derivatives.

A series of chiral heterocyclic biaryls with a pyridyl moiety were prepared in moderate to good yields with up to 92% ee via asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. The chiral-bridged biphenyl monophosphine ligand L1 was found to be much more effective in the reaction enantioselection than its counterpart binaphthyl monophosphine ligands.

The experimental study of shunt-decompression arterialized vein flap.

BACKGROUND: Arterialized vein flap is a kind of unphysiological flap. Unphysiological reconstruction of blood circulation leads to higher load than that supported by physiological flap and is the culprit of flap swelling, blood stasis, skin blistering, and necrosis after flap grafting. To resolve the multiple disadvantages of traditional flap grafting, by introducing the principles of fluid mechanics, shunt-decompression surgery is prepared to decline the circulation preload and improve the prognosis of arterialized vein flap grafting. METHODS: By introducing the principles of fluid mechanics, we established the model of shunt-decompression arterialized vein flap, which satisfied the common properties of general fluid that the interface pressure between object and fluid is reduced when the velocity of fluid is increased and vice versa-the effect of Bernoulli. Under this rule, we anastomose the arterialized vein to the branch of main artery of recipient region or make end-to-side anastomosis, which can maintain the blood flow of main artery, decrease the perfusion of flap, and preserve the decompressive effect of main artery to branches. From March, 2016 to September, 2016, we performed animal experiments on ten male bama mini pigs with average weight of 28 ± 2.35 kg. Superior epigastric artery of pig was used for feeding artery to arterialize the superficial epigastric veins. The total area of flap is 8 cm × 6 cm. End-to-side anastomosis and end-to-end anastomosis were established in experimental group and control group, respectively. Doppler speckle perfusion imaging apparatus was used to monitor the alterations of flap perfusion, blood flow of flap, tissue swelling and survival of flaps. RESULTS: The average flap perfusion (PU) at 1 week after surgery is 83.62 ± 3.14 in experimental group and 98.14 ± 6.54 in control group, respectively (P < 0.05), indicating the significant reduction of flap blood perfusion in experimental group as compared with control group. As to the survival of flaps, 7 flaps completely survived, 3 showed partial necrosis, and no one was found as complete necrosis in experimental group, while only 3 flaps survived, and 4 flaps and 3 flaps showed partial necrosis and complete necrosis in control group, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the physiological features of arterialized vein flap and its problems in clinical application, we improved the anastomosis strategy of flap grafting and obtained excellent experimental outcomes, which provides an insight for the clinical application of arterialized vein flaps.

Synthesis of six-membered spirooxindoles via a chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction.

By means of the direct condensation of N-aminoethylpyrroles and isatins, followed by a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction, a new class of valuable chiral 3',4'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[indoline-3,1'-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin]-2-ones bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter were successfully synthesized in good to excellent yields and with moderate to good enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions.

A simultaneous disulfide bond cleavage, N,S-bialkylation/N-protonation and self-assembly reaction: syntheses, structures and properties of two hybrid iodoargentates with thiazolyl-based heterocycles.

Solvothermal reactions of AgI with the vulcanization accelerator 2,2'-dibenzothiazolyl disulfide and hydroiodic acid in alcohols afford two hybrid iodoargentates with one-dimensional structures, namely (Et2mbt)[Ag2I3] (1, Hmbt = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) and {(Hmbt)[AgI]}n (2). The syntheses of both 1 and 2 involve unprecedented multiple in situ reactions. Specifically, a simultaneous disulfide bond cleavage, N and S donor atoms bialkylation, and self-assembly reaction lead to 1 that contains a discrete N,S-biethylated cation (Et2mbt)+ and a rare inorganic (Ag2I3)- anionic chain, while a simultaneous disulfide bond cleavage, N-protonation and self-assembly reaction affords 2 which features zwitterionic Hmbt molecules coordinating with the opposite side Ag atoms of a neutral inorganic (AgI)n chain via forming Ag-S coordination bonds. The simultaneous alkylation on a thiazolyl-N donor and a thiol-S donor atom for a thiazolyl-based heterocycle using inexpensive alcohols and haloids under solvothermal conditions instead of traditional two-step organic synthesis was found for the first time. The two compounds have band gaps of 2.95 eV for 1, and 2.78 eV for 2 exhibiting an observed blue shift compared with bulk AgI. Also, 1 and 2 can be used as effective heterogeneous photocatalysts for methyl orange dye treatment under UV light irradiation.

[Identification of Official Rhubarb Samples by Using PLS and Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy].

The development of terahertz technology is attracting broad intention in recent years. The quality identification is important for the quality control of Chinese medicine production. In the present work, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) combined with partial least squares (PLS) were used for the identification model building and studied based on 41 official and unofficial rhubarb samples. First, the THz-TDS spectra of rhubarb samples were collected and were preprocessed by using chemometrics methods rather than transformed to absorption spectra. The identification models were then established based on the processed terahertz time domain spectra. The spectral preprocessing methods include Savitzky-Golay (S-G) first derivative, detrending, standard normal transformation (SNV), autoscaling, and mean centering. The identification accuracy of 90% was accomplished by using proper pretreatment methods, which was higher than the classified accuracy of 80% without any preprocessing for the time domain spectra. The component number of the PLS model was evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The minimum values of the root-mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and root-mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.076 6 and 0.169 0 by using mean centering method, respectively. The results of this work showed that the combination of terahertz time domain spectroscopy technology with chemometrics methods, as well as PLS can be applied for the recognition of genuine and counterfeit Chinese herbal medicines, as well as official and unofficial rhubarbs. The advantage of using terahertz time domain spectra directly with no transformation into absorption spectra is: (1) the thickness of samples could not be considered in the model establishment, and (2) the spectral processing was simplified. The proposed method based on the combination of THz-TDS and chemometrics proved to be rapid, simple, non-pollution and solvent free, suitable to be developed as a promising tool for quality control of many other Chinese herbal medicines.

New Family of Octagonal-Prismatic Lanthanide Coordination Cages Assembled from Unique Ln17 Clusters and Simple Cliplike Dicarboxylate Ligands.

Novel high-nuclearity lanthanide clusters (Ln17) are generated in situ in the coordination-driven self-assembly. A metal-cluster-directed symmetry strategy for building metal coordination cages is successfully applied to a lanthanide system for the first time. A new family of octagonal-prismatic lanthanide coordination cages UJN-Ln, formulated as [Ln(µ3-OH)8][Ln16(µ4-O)(µ4-OH)(µ3-OH)8(H2O)8(µ4-dcd)8][(µ3-dcd)8]·22H2O (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er; dcd = 3,3-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylate dianion), have been assembled from the unique Ln17 clusters and simple cliplike ligand H2dcd. Apart from featuring aesthetically charming structures, all of the compounds present predominantly antiferromagnetic coupling between the corresponding lanthanide ions. Additionally, the intense-green photoluminescence for UJN-Tb and magnetic relaxation behavior for UJN-Dy have been observed. Remarkably, UJN-Gd shows a large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) with an impressive entropy change value of 42.3 J kg(-1) K(-1) for ΔH = 7.0 T at 2.0 K due to the high-nuclearity cluster and the lightweight ligand. The studies highlight the structural diversity of multigonal-prismatic metal coordination cages and provide a new direction in the design of cagelike multifunctional materials by the introduction of lanthanide clusters and other suitable cliplike ligands.

Structures and multiple properties of two polar metal-organic frameworks based on achiral N,O-coordinated ligands: toward multifunctional materials.

Two novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [Cd3(padc)(Hpadc)(H2padc)(H2O)]n·nH2O (1, H3padc = pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid) and [Co4(pidc)2(Hpidc)4(H2O)3]n·12nH2O (2, H2pidc = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid), that both crystallize in polar space groups, were solvothermally synthesized by using achiral N,O-coordinated ligands. Compound 1 consists of trinuclear Cd(II)-based units that are further bridged by the backbone of H3padc ligands to form a three-dimensional (3-D) (4,6)-connected fsc topology network, while compound 2 features two types of double-helical tubes with different chiralities connecting with each other alternatively to construct a typical 2-D (3,6)-connected kgd topology network. Importantly, 1 exhibits combined properties of photoluminescence (PL) and second harmonic generation (SHG), and represents the first noncentrosymmetric H3padc-based MOF that was obtained without any ancillary ligands. While 2 shows strong antiferromagnetic interactions between paramagnetic Co(II) centers, and the aqueous solution of 2 exhibits effective homogeneous photocatalysis properties under visible irradiation. Further, the mechanisms of the physical properties of 1 and 2 are discussed in detail.

A comparison study of aliphatic and aromatic structure directing agents influencing the crystal and electronic structures, and properties of iodoplumbate hybrids: water induced structure conversion and visible light photocatalytic properties.

The introduction of the aliphatic amines en (ethylenediamine), aep (N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine) and tepa (tetraethylenepentamine), and the aromatic species 2,2'-bipy (2,2'-bipyridine) and dpe (1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene) as structure directing agents (SDAs) into inorganic iodoplumbates affords six hybrids, namely [(Hen)4(H2.5O)2I](PbI6) (1), Cs2n[Pb3I8(en)2]n (2), (H3tepa)n(PbI5)n (3), (H2aep)n(PbI4)n (4), (Et22,2'-bipy)n(Pb2I6)n (5) and (Et2dpe)n(Pb2I6)n (6). 1 contains a discrete octahedral (PbI6)(4-) anion generated under the direction of a novel co-template, [(Hen)4(H2.5O)2I](4+). 2 contains inorganic Cs(+) ions and a novel hybrid anionic layer [Pb3I8(en)2]n(2n-) that has never been encountered in iodoplumbate hybrids. 3 features a zigzag (PbI5)(3-) chain with the charge being compensated by a triprotonated tepa cation. 4 is composed of perovskite sheets of lead(ii) octahedra and aep cations that are generated from tepa via an unprecedented in situ ligand reaction. Both 5 and 6 have (Pb2I6)n(2n-) chains and represent the first example of introducing a 2,2'-bipy or dpe derivative cation in iodoplumbate hybrids, respectively. The comparative study reveals that aliphatic amines and aromatic species contribute differently to the crystal and electronic structures, and the properties of the hybrids. Importantly, 1-4 exhibit interesting water induced structure conversions, while 5 and 6 can be used as heterogeneous photocatalysts for dye wastewater treatment under visible light irradiation.

[The Study on the Far-FTIR and THz Spectra of Azitromycin Drugs with Different Physical Forms].

Far Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Far-FTIR) and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) were used to measure the fingerprint spectra of Azitromycin suspension, capsule, tablet and dispersible tablet under vacuum and nitrogen conditions, respectively. In the frequency range of 0.2-15 THz, highly resolved spectral features for Azitromycin suspension were measured and some minor differences were observed between domestic and exotic Azitromycin Suspension, such as linewidth broadening and additional peaks. As same time, for the domestic Azitromycin capsule, tablet and dispersible tablet, the absorption baselines in the range of 0.2-2.7 THz rise with the increase of frequency while absorption peaks become weaker due to the scattering of bigger particles and smaller amount of Azitromycin. Also, the additional peaks are caused by the absorption of filling materials. In parallel with the qualitative measurement, the THz absorption spectra for mixtures of polyethylene (PE) powders and exotic Azithomycin suspension with different concentrations were also measured. According to the linear correlation between the concentration and the absorption intensity, the concentration of effective component can be evaluated accurately. This means that THz-TDS method is suitable for the quality inspection and evaluation of the mixed Azithromycin system.

Anhydrous lanthanide MOFs and direct photoluminescent sensing for polyoxometalates in aqueous solution.

New anhydrous lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [Pr(tip)1.5]2n (tip-Pr), [Nd(tip)1.5]2n (tip-Nd), [Eu-(tip)1.5]2n (tip-Eu), and [Eu(OH)(mip)]n (mip-Eu) (tip=5-tert-butylisophthalate anion, mip=5-methylisophthalate ion), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) techniques. MOFs tip-Pr, tip-Nd, and tip-Eu are isostructural anhydrous compounds, and exhibit an unprecedented 3D microporous structure with hexagonal channel arrays. The selectively prepared MOF mip-Eu presents an interpenetrated 3D microporous architecture containing the hydroxyl cluster chains. Solid-state photoluminescence properties at room temperature indicate that both tip-Eu and mip-Eu display the characteristic of the Eu3+ ion spectrum dominated by the 5D0-->7F(J) (J=0-4) transition. Compared with mip-Eu, tip-Eu displays the very high solid-state quantum yield (0.62 ± 0.03) and longer lifetime value (0.94 ± 0.01 ms), which is due to the absence of the hydroxyl groups from the solid-state structure of tip-Eu. More importantly, a new method to directly investigate the potential of solid-state lanthanide MOFs for ionic sensing in aqueous solutions has been developed, and successfully applied it to study the potential sensing function of tip-Eu for polyoxometalates (POMs). The possible mechanism for the quenching effect of POMs on the fluorescence of tip-Eu is elucidated by the strongly competitive absorption of the excited light source energy between POMs and tip ligands. The very promise for the highly sensitive sensing for polyoxometalates, together with the characteristic of the reversible fluorescence response, suggest that solid-state tip-Eu can be an excellent candidate for the directly photoluminescent detection of POMs in aqueous solutions.