["Pain-point needling": an interpretation based on the context and therapeutic principles of muscles along the twelve regular meridians].

"Pain-point needling", a term of acupuncture medicine from the Chapter Jingjin (Muscles along Meridians) of Lingshu Jing (Miraculous Pivot), is one of the selection principles of acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation spots, and is an integral part of the theory of Jingjin. The statement style of the Jingjin theory in Lingshu imitates that of the twelve regular meridians theory. From the perspective of the evolution process of the meridian theory, it is a continuation of the literature from Jianbo Maishu (Bamboo Slips Book and Silk Book on Meridians) to Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic). In this context, meridian diseases are treated with acupoints, while Jingjin disorders are treated with "pain-point needling" rather than acupoints. The theoretical framework of the two is strictly relative. This phenomenon is due to the strong position of the meridian and acupoint theory at that time, which affects the reasoning habit of acupuncture and moxibustion literature. The correct understanding of "pain-point needling" will also involve the understanding of "Ashi point" and its relationship with the acupoints, so as to help us clarify the concept of the acupoints, and then construct the category of "acupuncture and moxibustion stimulating points", which may solve the problems existing in the current theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion.

[Translational medicine research on literature theory of acupuncture and moxibustion].

The development of translational medicine is on the rise, and its advocated relationship between preclinical research and clinical application and two-way translational research mode inspire and promote us to think about solving the corresponding problems faced by acupuncture and moxibustion medicine. The theoretical research of basic research should be closely connected with the practice and application due to the characteristics of the subject, but seems to be seriously disjointed at pre-sent. Therefore, four aspects as "the relationship between acupuncture theory and clinical practice" "correctly interpreting the connotation of traditional theory of acupuncture and moxibustion" "distinguishing which is based on the practice and which is the influence of cultural concepts" and "distinguishing what are the ancient medical discoveries and inventions and what are the theoretical explanations of such discoveries and inventions" should be grasped. In addition, the importance of concept consciousness and two research levels (uncovering unrecognized or buried medical discoveries and techniques and expounding valuable medical ideas) in the transformation research should be emphasized, and the evaluation mechanism for the transformation of research achievements should be established.

[Constructed "ashi point"].

Ashi point is one of the three major categories of acupoint in acupuncture-moxibustion theory nowadays. It is originally recorded in Beiji Qianjin Yaofang (Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency) as one of the effective folk methods. The theoretic development of ashi point goes through the innovation period of contemporary and modern acupuncture-moxibustion theory, specifically in three aspects, definition, property and status. Through the analysis of historical data, it is found that the bias of ashi point theory results from the misunderstanding of connotation, the distortion of application techniques, the misinterpretation of semantics and the gradual promotion of status. All of these are generally caused by the reform of acupuncture-moxibustion theory in Japan, which covers the essence of ashi point, limits its connotation and clouds the concept of acupoint. It is necessary to re-understand the literal sense and theoretic construction of ashi point and timely update the knowledge system of acupuncture-moxibustion in association with the results of theoretical researches.

[Historical origin of the "indications of the five-shu" in Nanjing and analysis on the five-elements ideological background].

Nanjing (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Eighty-one Difficult Issues), as one of the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, is concerned as the supplement and summarization of some theory recorded in the Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor). Five-shu point is one of the commonly used important acupoints, the "indications of the five-shu" raised by Nanjing has been weighing a lot since the beginning, not only in the constructing of acupuncture-moxibustion theory, but in clinical practice. However, "indications of the five-shu" was actually deduced from the five-elements theory in the first place. On the one hand, by analyzing its original idea and method during construction, the fallacies in theoretical building of the "indications of the five-shu" were clarified. On the other hand, under the comparison of Huangdi Neijing and Nanjing, the research argues that the similar texts on the relation of five-shu and seasons have fundamental differences. By a further discussion on the social ideological background of the relation of five-shu points and seasons in Huangdi Neijing, the main problem of the "indications of the five-shu" recorded in Nanjing is put forward, both theoretically and methodologically. In conclusion, the use of theories like the "indications of the five-shu " should be revaluated rather than directly put into practice.

[Interpretation of China national standard Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points (GB/T 12346-2021)].

To cooperate with the popularization and application of the China national standard Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points (GB/T 12346 -2021), this study introduced the differences between the 2021 version and the 2006 version, and explained the principles of the revision and the changes in the standard name, terminology, definition and the expression of meridian points' body regions. In addition, the revision of the specific contents, including the adjustment of "bone proportional cun" of several meridian points and the revision basis of location of some meridian points were explained.

[Conceptual history of acupuncture-moxibustion-historical writing and reconstruction foundation of acupuncture-moxibustion theory].

Concept is the cornerstone of theory. Regarding the solely and historically extraordinary outstanding traditional acupuncture-moxibustion, the conceptual history research of it is the basis of understanding and recognizing acupuncture-moxibustion theory and also the root of its inheritance and development. Because of its features, it is determined that the research of the concept of traditional acupuncture-moxibustion should focus on the formation era of acupuncture-moxibustion theory, by giving the priority to its basic and core concepts. In methodology, by exploring the formation, connotation evolution and application of acupuncture-moxibustion concept, the implication is expounded so as to explain the relevant theories and deal with the issues on the theoretic construction. Such research idea differs from the target of "conceptual history" study in the West, but shares the same specific approaches. Concerning the development of acupuncture-moxibustion theoretic system, from the ancient to the modern time, as well as undergoing scientific construction, the basic significance and fundamental influence of the research of the conceptual history of acupuncture-moxibustion is growing increasingly.

[Acupoints around the neck: a philological analysis and re-recognition on "acupoint-meridian" relationship].

The acupoints around the neck are the essential acupoints, discussed together with the five-shu points in the Chapter Benshu of Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor 's Inner Cannon). In this paper, based on the literature analysis, the special evidence on the arrangement of the Chapter is interpreted in detail so as to display the recognition on the acupoints in Yellow Emperor 's Inner Cannon. In view of the acupoints around the neck, the theory of "acupoint-meridian" relationship is explained. The correlation of acupoints and meridians expressed by ancient scholars is analyzed in the evolution from Tianhui medical bamboo slips to Zhenjiu Jiayijing (The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion). It is proposed that the narration of acupoints in terms of "meridian" and "region" should be distinguished from the meridian tropism of acupoints. The importance of "the origin of meridian qi" should be re-identified in the academic history so as to declare the academic value of acupoint arrangement described in Zhenjiu Jiayijing.

Comparison of Focused Ultrasound Surgery and Hysteroscopic Resection for Treatment of Submucosal Uterine Fibroids (FIGO Type 2).

The aim of the study described here was to compare the effectiveness of focused ultrasound surgery (FUS), which uses high-intensity focused ultrasound to perform tissue ablation, with that of hysteroscopic transcervical resection of myoma (TCRM) for the treatment of type 2 submucosal fibroids. A prospective cohort study was performed in patients who underwent FUS or TCRM from January 2012 to December 2014. Uterine Fibroid Symptom (UFS) and Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires were used to measure fibroid-related symptoms and quality of life before and at 3, 6 and 12 mo after treatment. Technical results, adverse events and post-operative recovery times of both groups were also compared. A total of 81 patients with at least one type 2 submucosal fibroid were enrolled. The mean diameter of type 2 submucosal fibroids was 3.8 ± 0.9 cm (range: 2.0-5.0 cm) for 39 patients in the FUS group and 3.5 ± 0.8 cm (range: 2.0-4.8 cm) for the 42 patients enrolled in the TCRM group. No major complication occurred in any patients for either treatment. In both groups, the UFS score decreased significantly and the QoL score increased significantly from baseline successively at 3, 6 and 12 mo post-treatment (p < 0.05). Time spent in hospital post-treatment was significantly shorter (2.56 ± 0.98 d) for the FUS group compared with the TCRM group (3.31 ± 0.60 d) (p < 0.05). Time to return to work after treatment was also significantly shorter for the FUS group (3.14 ± 0.83 d) than for the TCRM group (6.09 ± 0.9 d) (p < 0.05). FUS and TCRM are both tolerable and effective treatments with significant improvement of symptom and quality of life for patients with type 2 submucosal fibroids ≤5 cm in diameter.

[Category and classification of acupuncture treatment sites].

The implementation of acupuncture and moxibustion refers to acupuncture or moxa burning at the selected sites on the surface of the body, and such sites have different natures and belong to different categories. The current theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion only contains the category of "acupoints" and their classification and does not cover all related concepts, which has an adverse effect on the inheritance, application, and research of acupuncture and moxibustion. Based on a deeper analysis of related theories, this article analyzes the nature and features of different sites for acupuncture and moxibustion on the surface of the body and proposes a frame for the classification of acupuncture treatment sites, hoping to constantly improve the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion and give full play to its role.

[Exploration on "moxibustion on a meridian" in Moxibustion Classic of Eleven Yin-Yang Meridians].

From the view of location, through the longitudinal comparison of the meridian name references of "moxibustion on a meridian" from the records in Zubi Shiyimai Jiujing (Moxibustion Classic of Eleven Yin-Yang Meridians) to the works in the Tang dynasty. The connotation and significance are analyzed on the occurrence and disappearance of the substitution of meridian terms for the indications so as to better understand the connotation of ancient "meridian (mai )" and the relevant content of the evolution of meridians and acupoints and to deepen the recognition of acupuncture therapy at the early era.

[Evolution of acupoint nomenclature: on the basis of the analysis of Tianhui medical bamboo slips].

Many theories of acupuncture and moxibustion and treatment experience are described in the Tianhui medical bamboo slips. In this paper, based on the records of Ci Shu (Needling Methods) of medical bamboo slips, focusing on the questions on the nomenclature of acupoints and meridians, by the comparison of the descriptions in Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor 's Internal Classic) with other unearthed medical literature, the evolution on the nomenclature was sorted out and the rules and significance of such evolution were explored. In comparison between the evolution of the acupoint names on the head and face and that on the four limbs, the changing modes were presented and analyzed. Finally, the nomenclature of meridians and that of acupoints were compared to infer the potential factors of their own features. This preliminary exploration reflects the important significance of the comparative study of Tianhui medical bamboo slips in the literature interpretation, concept understanding and theory evolution rules of meridians and acupoints.

[Xuehui: the extension of acupuncture and moxibustion theory on the exerting site of treatment].

It is common to use acupuncture and moxibustion at unspecified area on the skin, however, its theoretical improvement is little compared with the specified area such as acupoint. The concept of xuehui originated from the discussion regarding the function and significance of the crossing of minute collateral and xigu. Based on the in-depth analysis of relevant texts, it is believed that its content and nature should belong to the theoretical understanding of acupuncture at unspecified area; moreover, the correlation and differences of theory and expression between xuehui and acupoint is analyzed from the perspective of acupuncture treatment location. The discussion on xuehui is theoretical improvement of acupuncture treatment experience at unspecified area, which should become the resource of acupuncture theoretical construction, and enrich the understanding of the law and essence of acupuncture stimulation on the body surface.

[Analysis of "sinking requires moxibustion" in Huangdi Neijing].

"Sinking requires moxibustion", a sentence coming from Lingshu: Jingmai ( The Miraculous Pivot: Meridians), is one of the basic principles of moxibustion treatment. Sinking of vessel and sinking of qi are the two primary recognitions for the word "sinking" in ancient and modern. This paper organizes all related references comprehensively and illustrates the meaning of "sinking" in context with the expectancy of helping readers understand the classic original accurately.

[Body expression under the vision field of acupuncture-moxibustion].

Acupuncture-moxibustion are applied on the body surface. The treatment methods are directly related to body shape. It needs and promotes the understanding and knowledge accumulation of the structure and function of the body surface and its deep relationship. It forms a unique perspective of body-shape recognition and rich theoretical content to explain the body composition and activities and guide the practice of acupuncture-moxibustion diagnosis and treatment. Its understanding of human body can be divided into two parts: internal part and external part. The body surface, which is most closely related to acupuncture-moxibustion, is expressed by skin, muscle, pulse, tendon and bone, and its theoretical construction is based on the function characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore, the theory of acupuncture-moxibustion embodies a kind of human cognition from the perspective of "acupuncture and moxibustion". Under this kind of consciousness, the concept of acupuncture and moxibustion theory can be correctly interpreted, and the diagnosis and treatment methods can be understood, the overall composition of the scope of the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion can be clear and its contemporary construction be improved.

[Unraveling Mysteries of Correlation Between Meridians and Viscera in Connection Between Upper and Lower, Interior and Exterior of the Human Body].

The theory that meridians connect the upper and lower, interior and exterior of the whole human body comes from the clinical experience of acupuncture therapy mainly by choosing the acupoints of 12 regular meridians at the four limbs. During the process of merging the theories of meridians and Zangfu-organs (viscera), the expression of the intrinsic relationship of such connection gradually becomes more and more complicated. Therefore, the study on the correlation between the meridian and viscus should start from the characteristics of the meridian theory itself, and discriminate the "reasonable and unreasonable" components of the related theoretical descriptions in the literature in order to explore the scientific values of this correlation. Based on this viewpoint, the present article makes a brief analysis on this proposition from the following two angles of view: the understan-ding of such proposition and the historical evolution of the meridian theory.

Quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological phase transition in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Chern insulator NiOsCl6.

By doing calculations based on density functional theory, we predict that the two-dimensional anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) NiOsCl6 as a Chern insulator can realize the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. We investigate the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies in different magnetic configurations and the Néel AFM configuration is proved to be ground state. When considering spin-orbit coupling (SOC), this layered material with spins perpendicular to the plane shows properties as a Chern insulator characterized by an inversion band structure and a nonzero Chern number. The nontrivial band gap is 37 meV and the Chern number C = -1, which are induced by a strong SOC and AFM order. With strong SOC, the NiOsCl6 system performs a continuous topological phase transition from the Chern insulator to the trivial insulator upon the increasing Coulomb repulsion U. The critical U c is indicated as 0.23 eV, at which the system is in a metallic phase with [Formula: see text]. Upon increasing U, the E g reduces linearly with C = -1 for 0 < U < U c and increases linearly with C = 0 for U > U c . At last we analysis the QAH properties and this continuous topological phase transition theoretically in a two-band [Formula: see text] model. This AFM Chern insulator NiOsCl6 proposes not only a promising way to realize the QAH effect, but also a new material to study the continuous topological phase transition.

["Bell-striking" Saying of Acupuncture Therapy].

As an analogy, a prototype of "bell-striking" is proposed in the present paper for exploring the basic properties, major elements, and potential mechanisms of acupuncture stimulation. On the strength of analysis on the physiological basis of acupuncture effect, several fundamental aspects of acupuncture are summarized as a) the body-surface stimulating characters, b) general and local effects, and c) triggering the auto-regulative function of the organism, which mimics the "bell-striking" response. Namely, when stroke, bell will chime, otherwise, chiming will not be heard. During analyzing special contents of acupuncture theory, its formative background should not be separated, and it is improper to take, modern medical theory of the human body as the guiding thinking way for researching the ancient Chinese medical literature.

[Qi Runs Through Acupuncture Needle Stimulation and Pulse Diagnosis:Our Considerations About Connotations of Qi in Acupuncture-Diagnosis-Treatment Scriptures in Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon].

The ancient classic work Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon has abundant expositions about the relationship between the acupuncture needle manipulation and pulse diagnosis. However, the relevant imparting and inheritance situations are relatively weaker nowadays probably due to the rapid development of modern diagnosis-therapeutic techniques and some faults or careless omission in understanding classical medical works. Qi, a core concept of the abundant expositions in Inner Canon, has seldom been thoroughly interpreted about its connotations. For this reason, in the present paper, the authors make a careful explanation about the connotations of Qi in Inner Canon from 1) the concept of Qikou (a superficial window of the body reflecting the functional state of internal organs), 2) pulse conditions, 3) its relationship with meridian-collateral diagnosis, and 4) the link between acupuncture needle stimulation and pulse diagnosis based on the scriptures and words description in combination with many scholars' doctrines, trying to explore its profound significance. In addition, the authors also expound its association with the effectiveness of distant treatment of acupuncture and the characteristics in relation to ancient medical scholars' thoughts.

[Development idea and practice of Qiu Mao-liang's acupuncture diagnosis and treatment].

Professor Qiu Mao-liang is considered as one of the representatives in the renaissance and development of acupuncture and moxibustion in the 20th century, whose academic characteristics could be summarized as "sticking to tradition and absorbing new knowledge". The practice ideas, methods and influence factors that were presented in acupuncture clinical practice are analyzed in this paper, from which development tendency and practice pattern of modern acupuncture clinical practice are discussed.

[Reconstitution of the meridian system].

In order to express the features and significance of meridians and collaterals scientifically, a profound study on the process, basis and idea of the binary structure constitution of the traditional meridian system including the 12 regular meridians and 8 extra meridians was carried out. It pointed out the defect of failure in giving consideration to both theory and clinical application of the traditional system, and proposed a new binary structure of the 4 extremities and trunk, which suit the system to the treating principles of acupuncture in the meridian and acupoint theory in a better way.