Autistic traits and eating behaviors in Chinese preschoolers: Role of sensory profiles and home environment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to 1) explore the association between autistic traits and eating behaviors in Chinese preschoolers; 2) explore the mediating role of sensory processing patterns on the relation of autistic traits and eating-related behaviors; and 3) examine home nurturing environment as a moderator between autistic traits and eating-related behaviors. We hypothesize that there is a significant association between autistic traits and eating behaviors, which is mediated by sensory processing patterns and moderated by the home nurturing environment. METHOD: 509 children aged 3-4 years participated in this cross-sectional research. They were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2) for autistic traits, the Chinese Preschoolers' Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CPEBQ) for eating-related behaviors, the Short Sensory Profile-Second Edition (SSP-2) for sensory processing patterns, and the Children Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire (CHNEQ) for home nurturing environment. Mediation regression analyses were used to examine the role of sensory processing patterns, while moderation analyses to examine the role of home nurturing environment. RESULTS: We observed a positive association between autistic traits and eating behavior problems among typically developed children. Sensory processing patterns significantly mediated the impact of autistic traits on children's eating-related behaviors and home nurturing environment also moderated this relationship. DISCUSSION: Our research suggests that Chinese preschoolers with higher autistic traits may face more eating challenges when they possess more heightened sensory processing patterns, while living in supportive home environments helps to improve their eating behaviors. These findings contribute to the understanding of how and to what extent eating problems are influenced by autistic traits, and they offer insight into the alleviation of eating problems from the perspectives of sensory patterns and family nurturing environments.

Application of Human Acellular Dermal Matrix with Skin Graft for Lacunar Soft-Tissue Defect of Lateral Heel after Calcaneal Fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) combined with split-thickness skin graft in repairing lacunar soft tissue defects of the lateral heel after calcaneal fracture. METHODS: From June 2018 to October 2020, providers repaired 11 cases of lacunar soft tissue defects at the lateral part of the heel using HADM combined with split-thickness skin graft. After thorough debridement, the HADM was trimmed and filled into the lacunar defect area. Once the wound was covered, a split-thickness skin graft and negative-pressure wound therapy were applied. Providers evaluated the appearance, scar, ductility of the skin graft site, appearance of the donor site, healing time, and any reoperation at follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 11 cases, 8 patients achieved successful wound healing by primary intention. Three patients showed partial necrosis in the edge of the skin graft, but the wound healed after standard wound care. Evaluation at 6 and 12 months after surgery showed that all patients had wound healing and mild local scarring; there was no obvious pigmentation or scar formation in the donor skin area. The average healing time was 37.5 days (range, 24-43 days). CONCLUSIONS: The HADM combined with split-thickness skin graft is a simple and effective reconstruction method for lacunar soft tissue defect of the lateral heel after calcaneal fracture. In this small sample, the combination demonstrated few infections, minor scar formation, few donor site complications, and relatively short hospital stays.

Crystalline MnCO3@Amorphous MnOx Composite as Cathode Material for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZIBs) have received extensive attention because of their advantages of low cost, high safety, and nontoxicity. However, problems such as dissolution of the active cathode material, dendrites/passivation of the zinc anode, and slow reaction kinetics hindered their further applications. In this work, a crystalline/amorphous composite-type material composed of crystalline MnCO3 and amorphous MnOx was prepared and used as the cathode material for RAZIBs. The MnCO3@amorphous MnOx (MnCO3@A-MnOx) composite possesses the merits of both the pure crystalline phase of MnCO3 and the amorphous phase of MnOx, which can deliver better electrochemical performance than the corresponding single component in repeated cycles. In addition, crystalline MnCO3 undergoes a complex phase transition to the active MnO2 during the first charge process, providing the composite with a stable structure and additional electrochemical capacity. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the MnCO3@A-MnOx electrode can display high reversible discharge capacity at 0.1 A g-1, excellent rate performance at 5.0 A g-1, and long cycling stability over 2000 cycles, showing great potential as a cathode material for high-performance RAZIBs.

A Hexanuclear Gadolinium(III)-Based Nanoprobe for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumor Apoptosis.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is instrumental in the noninvasive evaluation of tumor tissues in patients subjected to chemotherapy, thereby yielding essential diagnostic data crucial for the prognosis of tumors and the formulation of therapeutic strategies. Currently, commercially available MRI contrast agents (CAs) predominantly consist of mononuclear gadolinium(III) complexes. Because there is only one Gd(III) atom per molecule, these CAs often require administration in high doses to achieve the desired contrast quality, which inevitably leads to some adverse events. Herein, we develop a six-nuclei, apoptosis-targeting T1 CA, Gd6-ZnDPA nanoprobe, which consists of a hexanuclear gadolinium nanocluster (Gd6) with an apoptosis-targeting group (ZnDPA). The amplification of Gd(III) by the hexanuclear structure generates its high longitudinal relaxivity (44.67 mM-1 s-1, 1T) and low r1/r2 ratio (0.68, 1T). Based on the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan (SBM) theory, this notable improvement is primarily ascribed to a long correlation tumbling time (τR). More importantly, the Gd6-ZnDPA nanoprobe shows excellent tumor apoptosis properties with an enhanced MR signal ratio (∼74%) and a long MRI imaging acquisition time window (∼48 h) in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. This study introduces an experimental gadolinium-based CA for the potential imaging of tumor apoptosis in the context of MRI.

Deep learning-based platform performs high detection sensitivity of intracranial aneurysms in 3D brain TOF-MRA: An external clinical validation study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a developed artificial intelligence (AI) platform incorporating deep learning algorithms for the automated detection of intracranial aneurysms in time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). METHOD: This retrospective study encompassed 3D TOF MRA images acquired between January 2023 and June 2023, aiming to validate the presence of intracranial aneurysms via our developed AI platform. The manual segmentation results by experienced neuroradiologists served as the "gold standard". Following annotation of MRA images by neuroradiologists using InferScholar software, the AI platform conducted automatic segmentation of intracranial aneurysms. Various metrics including accuracy (ACC), balanced ACC, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), F1 score, Brier Score, and Net Benefit were utilized to evaluate the generalization of AI platform. Comparison of intracranial aneurysm identification performance was conducted between the AI platform and six radiologists with experience ranging from 3 to 12 years in interpreting MR images. Additionally, a comparative analysis was carried out between radiologists' detection performance based on independent visual diagnosis and AI-assisted diagnosis. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on the size and location of the aneurysms to explore factors impacting aneurysm detectability. RESULTS: 510 patients were enrolled including 215 patients (42.16 %) with intracranial aneurysms and 295 patients (57.84 %) without aneurysms. Compared with six radiologists, the AI platform showed competitive discrimination power (AUC, 0.96), acceptable calibration (Brier Score loss, 0.08), and clinical utility (Net Benefit, 86.96 %). The AI platform demonstrated superior performance in detecting aneurysms with an overall SE, SP, ACC, balanced ACC, and F1 score of 91.63 %, 92.20 %, 91.96 %, 91.92 %, and 90.57 % respectively, outperforming the detectability of the two resident radiologists. For subgroup analysis based on aneurysm size and location, we observed that the SE of the AI platform for identifying tiny (diameter＜3mm), small (3 mm ≤ diameter＜5mm), medium (5 mm ≤ diameter＜7mm) and large aneurysms (diameter ≥ 7 mm) was 87.80 %, 93.14 %, 95.45 %, and 100 %, respectively. Furthermore, the SE for detecting aneurysms in the anterior circulation was higher than that in the posterior circulation. Utilizing the AI assistance, six radiologists (i.e., two residents, two attendings and two professors) achieved statistically significant improvements in mean SE (residents: 71.40 % vs. 88.37 %; attendings: 82.79 % vs. 93.26 %; professors: 90.07 % vs. 97.44 %; P < 0.05) and ACC (residents: 85.29 % vs. 94.12 %; attendings: 91.76 % vs. 97.06 %; professors: 95.29 % vs. 98.82 %; P < 0.05) while no statistically significant change was observed in SP. Overall, radiologists' mean SE increased by 11.40 %, mean SP increased by 1.86 %, and mean ACC increased by 5.88 %, mean balanced ACC promoted by 6.63 %, mean F1 score grew by 7.89 %, and Net Benefit rose by 12.52 %, with a concurrent decrease in mean Brier score declined by 0.06. CONCLUSIONS: The deep learning algorithms implemented in the AI platform effectively detected intracranial aneurysms on TOF-MRA and notably enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of radiologists. This indicates that the AI-based auxiliary diagnosis model can provide dependable and precise prediction to improve the diagnostic capacity of radiologists.

Enhancing Efficiency of Large-Area Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Modules with Spontaneously Formed Self-Assembled Monolayer Interfaces.

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites play a crucial role in perovskite-based tandem cells. Despite recent advances using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to facilitate efficiency breakthroughs, achieving precise control over the deposition of such ultrathin layers remains a significant challenge for large-scale fabrication of WBG perovskite and, consequently, for the tandem modules. To address these challenges, we propose a facile method that integrates MeO-2PACz and Me-4PACz in optimal proportions (Mixed SAMs) into the perovskite precursor solution, enabling the simultaneous codeposition of WBG perovskite and SAMs. This technique promotes the spontaneous formation of charge-selective contacts while reducing defect densities by coordinating phosphonic acid groups with the unbonded Pb2+ ions at the bottom interface. The resulting WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 19.31% for small-area devices (0.0585 cm2) and 17.63% for large-area modules (19.34 cm2), highlighting the potential of this codeposition strategy for fabricating high-performance, large-area WBG PSCs with enhanced reproducibility. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing WBG PSCs and the scalable fabrication of modules.

Is P3 amplitude associated with greater gaze distraction effect in schizotypy?

A recently proposed "Hyperfocusing hypothesis" suggests that schizotypy is associated with a more narrow but more intense way of allocating attention. The current study aims to test a vital prediction of this hypothesis in a social context, that schizotypy may be related to greater difficulty overcoming the distracting effects of gaze. This could cause a longer time to respond to targets that are invalidly cued by gaze. The current study tested this prediction in a modified Posner cueing paradigm by using P3 as an indicator for attentional resources. Seventy-four young healthy individuals with different levels of schizotypy were included, they were asked to detect the location of a target that was cued validly or invalidly by the gaze and head orientation. The results revealed that (a) schizotypy is associated with hyperfocusing on gaze direction, leading to greater difficulty overcoming the distracting effect of gaze. The higher the trait-schizotypy score, the more time needed to respond to targets that were invalidly cued by gaze (b) schizotypy is associated with reduced P3 which is directed by social communicative stimuli. The higher the trait-schizotypy score, the smaller the amplitude of P3 (c) the relationship between schizotypal traits and response times of the gaze-invalid condition is fully intermediated by P3. The findings of the current study suggest the P3 component may be a crucial neural mechanism underlying joint attention deficits in schizophrenia.

Metabolomics analysis reveals the metabolite profiles of Rheum tanguticum grown under different altitudinal gradients.

BACKGROUND: Plant growth and quality are often affected by environmental factors, including geographical location, climate, and soil. In this study, we describe the effect of altitudinal differences on the growth and active ingredients in Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. (R. tanguticum), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its laxative properties. RESULTS: The results showed that plants grown at lower altitudes had better growth performances than those in higher altitude areas. The yield varied by 2.45-23.68 times with altitude, reaching a maximum of 102.01 t/ha. In addition, total anthraquinone and total sennoside contents decreased with increasing altitude, whereas total tannins increased with increasing altitude. The total anthraquinone content of the indicator compound reached 5.15% at five experimental sites, which exceeded the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard by 70.87%. The content of the other two categories of active ingredients reached a maximum value of 0.94% (total sennosides) and 2.65% (total tannins). Redundancy analysis revealed that annual rainfall, annual average temperature, annual sunshine hours, and pH significantly affected growth and active ingredients. Moreover, key metabolites, such as flavonoids, amino acids and their derivatives, phenolic acids, lipids, and terpenes, were differentially expressed between samples from low- and high-altitude cultivation areas. These metabolites were enriched in the flavonoid and flavonol biosynthetic pathway and the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that high anthraquinone content was observed in the lowest-latitude cultivation area due to low rainfall and alkaline soil pH. Key metabolites were significantly upregulated in high-latitude cultivation areas. These results provide a scientific basis for quality control and the systematic cultivation of R. tanguticum.

Effects of sintering additives and sintering methods on the mechanical, antimicrobial and optical properties of Si3N4 bioceramics.

Si3N4 bioceramics were fabricated using GPS and SPS method with MgO-RE2O3 (RE = La, Nd, Gd, Ho and Lu) sintering additives. The effect of sintering methods and sintering additives on the grain growth, mechanical, antimicrobial properties and color of Si3N4 bioceramics were studied. Samples sintered with GPS are composed of ß-Si3N4 and samples sintered with SPS are composed of α-Si3N4 and ß-Si3N4. The growth of ß-Si3N4 grains in samples sintered with GPS are more adequate. Samples sintered with GPS exhibit a S. aureus inactivation rate up to 98% and a bright color appearance with a hardness of about 13 GPa and a fracture toughness up to 7.5 MPa m1/2, suitable for dental implants. And samples sintered with SPS exhibit a hardness of about 17 GPa and a fracture toughness about 6 MPa m1/2.

Identification and validation of m6A-associated ferroptosis genes in renal clear cell carcinoma.

Urinary cancer is synonymous with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Unfortunately, existing treatments for this illness are ineffective and unpromising. Finding novel ccRCC biomarkers is crucial to creating successful treatments. The Cancer Genome Atlas provided clear cell renal cell carcinoma transcriptome data. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on ccRCC and control samples' differentially expressed N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation and ferroptosis-related genes (DEMFRGs). Machine learning was used to find and model ccRCC patients' predicted genes. A nomogram was created for clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. Prognostic genes were enriched. We examined patients' immune profiles by risk score. Our prognostic genes predicted ccRCC treatment drugs. We found 37 DEMFRGs by comparing 1913 differentially expressed ccRCC genes to 202 m6A RNA methylation FRGs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that hypoxia-induced cell death and metabolism pathways were the most differentially expressed methylation functional regulating genes. Five prognostic genes were found by machine learning: TRIB3, CHAC1, NNMT, EGFR, and SLC1A4. An advanced renal cell carcinoma nomogram with age and risk score accurately predicted the outcome. These five prognostic genes were linked to various cancers. Immunological cell number and checkpoint expression differed between high- and low-risk groups. The risk model successfully predicted immunotherapy outcome, showing high-risk individuals had poor results. NIACIN, TAE-684, ROCILETINIB, and others treat ccRCC. We found ccRCC prognostic genes that work. This discovery may lead to new ccRCC treatments.

Establishment of a pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics model of Schisandra lignans against hippocampal neurotransmitters in AD rats based on microdi-alysis liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Objective: Our previous studies substantiated that the biological activity of Schisandra chinensis lignans during the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was mediated by neurotransmitter levels, and 15 of its active components were identified. However, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship of Schisandra chinensis lignans has been less studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Schisandra chinensis lignans in the treatment of AD, and to establish a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model. Methods and Results: Herein, we established a microdialysis-ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry (MD-LC-TQ-MS) technique that could simultaneously and continuously collect and quantitatively analyze the active compounds and neurotransmitters related to the therapeutic effects of Schisandra chinensis in awake AD rats. Eight lignans were detected in the hippocampus, and a PK-PD model was established. The fitted curves highlighted a temporal lag between the maximum drug concentration and the peak drug effect. Following treatment, the levels of four neurotransmitters tended to converge with those observed in the sham operation group. Conclusion: By establishing a comprehensive concentration-time-effect relationship for Schisandra chinensis lignans in AD treatment, our study provides novel insights into the in vivo effects of these lignans in AD rats.

Exploring the role of ubiquitin regulatory X domain family proteins in cancers: bioinformatics insights, mechanisms, and implications for therapy.

UBXD family (UBXDF), a group of proteins containing ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domains, play a crucial role in the imbalance of proliferation and apoptotic in cancer. In this study, we summarised bioinformatics proof on multi-omics databases and literature on UBXDF's effects on cancer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) has the largest number of gene alterations in the UBXD family and has been linked to survival and cancer progression in many cancers. UBXDF may affect tumour microenvironment (TME) and drugtherapy and should be investigated in the future. We also summarised the experimental evidence of the mechanism of UBXDF in cancer, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as its application in clinical and targeted drugs. We compared bioinformatics and literature to provide a multi-omics insight into UBXDF in cancers, review proof and mechanism of UBXDF effects on cancers, and prospect future research directions in-depth. We hope that this paper will be helpful for direct cancer-related UBXDF studies.

Autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors in preschoolers: Mediating effects of sensory processing patterns.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between autistic traits and Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)-associated eating behaviors in preschool-age children and investigated whether this association was mediated by sensory processing patterns. METHOD: A cross-sectional, parent-reported study was conducted between July 2022 and March 2023 among 503 preschoolers aged 4-6 years in China. Parents provided assessments of their children's autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale, sensory processing patterns using the Short Sensory Profile 2, and ARFID-associated eating behaviors using the Nine Items ARFID Screen. The mediation model based on ordinary least squares regression was employed to test the mediating effects of sensory processing patterns between autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors. RESULTS: The results indicated significant associations among autistic traits, ARFID-associated eating behaviors, and sensory processing patterns. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that sensory processing patterns played a partial mediating role in the relationship between autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors. Specifically, autistic traits were observed to weaken ARFID-associated eating behaviors, particularly picky eating and poor appetite, through Registration, while simultaneously fostering them through Sensitivity and Avoiding. DISCUSSION: Our study is limited to some extent by the inability to draw longitudinal conclusions from cross-sectional data. Nevertheless, it underscores the significance of early identification and intervention for food avoidance/restriction behaviors due to sensory processing abnormalities in children with heightened autistic traits. This proactive approach may contribute to mitigating ARFID-associated eating behaviors that might drive clinical symptoms of ARFID.

Interface-Engineered NiFe/Ni-S Nanoparticles for Reliable Alkaline Oxygen Production at Industrial Current: A Sulfur Source Confinement Strategy.

Using powder-based ink appears to be the most suitable candidate for commercializing the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while research on the powder-based NPM catalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) is currently insufficient, especially at high current density. Herein, a sulfur source (NiFe Layered double hydroxide adsorbed SO 4 2 - ${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ ) confinement strategy is developed to integrate Ni3 S2 onto the surface of amorphous/crystalline NiFe alloy nanoparticles (denoted NiFe/Ni-S), achieving advanced control over the sulfidation process for the formation of metal sulfides. The constructed interface under the sulfur source confinement strategy generates abundant active sites that increase electron transport at the electrode-electrolyte interface and improve ability over an extended period at a high current density. Consequently, the constructed NiFe/Ni-S delivers an ultra-low overpotential of 239 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 0.66 mA cm ECSA - 2 ${\mathrm{cm}}_{{\mathrm{ECSA}}}^{ - 2}$ under an overpotential of 300 mV. The AEMWE with NiFe/Ni-S anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.664 V @ 0.5 A cm-2 and a 400 h stability at 1.0 A cm-2 .

Strategies for Preventing Esophageal Stenosis After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Progress in Stem Cell-Based Therapies.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely used in the early neoplasia of the esophagus. However, postoperative esophageal stenosis is a big problem, particularly when a large circumferential proportion of esophageal mucosa is resected. Currently, there are several methods available to prevent esophageal stenosis after ESD, including steroid administration, esophageal stent implantation, and endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD). However, the therapeutic effects of these are not yet satisfactory. Stem cell-based therapies has shown promising potential in reconstructing tissue structure and restoring tissue function. In this study, we discussed the current strategies for preventing esophageal stenosis after ESD and perspectives of stem cell-based therapies for the prevention of esophageal stenosis.

Trophic relationships between protists and bacteria and fungi drive the biogeography of rhizosphere soil microbial community and impact plant physiological and ecological functions.

Rhizosphere microorganisms play a vital role in enhancing plant health, productivity, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Currently, there is a limited understanding of the ecological processes that control the assembly of community. To address the role of microbial interactions in assembly and for functioning of the rhizosphere soil microbiota, we collected rhizosphere soil samples from Anisodus tanguticus on the Tibetan Plateau spanning 1500 kilometers, and sequenced the bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protist communities. We observed a significant but weak distance-decay relationship in the microbial communities of rhizosphere soil. Our comprehensive analysis of spatial, abiotic, and biotic factors showed that trophic relationships between protists and bacteria and fungi predominantly influenced the alpha and beta diversity of bacterial, fungal, and protistan communities, while abiotic factors had a greater impact on archaeal communities, including soil pH, available phosphorus, total phosphorus and mean annual temperature. Importantly, microbial interactions had a more significant influence on Anisodus tanguticus physiological and ecological functions compared to individual microorganisms. Network analyses revealed that bacteria occupy a central position of the co-occurrence network and play a crucial role of connector within this community. The addition of protists increased the stability of bacterial, fungal, and archaeal networks. Overall, our findings indicate that trophic relationships play an important role in assembly and for functioning of the rhizosphere soil microbiota. Bacterial communities serve as a crucial link between different kingdoms of microorganisms in the rhizosphere community. These findings help us to fully harness the beneficial functions of rhizosphere microorganisms for plants and achieve sustainable use of biological resources.

Modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure for Wassel type III-IV polydactyly.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the functional and aesthetic results of a new modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure for the treatment of Wassel type III-IV thumb polydactyly. METHODS: Thirteen patients with Wassel type III-IV thumb polydactyly who visited the Department of Orthopedics of Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital from 2019 to 2022 were selected. The surgical procedure involved a modified Bilhaut-Cloquet surgery, where two-thirds of the distal part of the dominant finger was retained as the p body of the reconstructed thumb. The triangular bone block of the ablated distal thumb that did not contain the epiphysis and articular cartilage was sutured and fixed, and the neurovascular flap of the ablated distal thumb was used as an augmenting segment of the reconstructed thumb, with the nail bed and nail matrix exquisitely sutured. The evaluation performed according to the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand (JSSH) system. RESULTS: All 13 children showed bone healing, no wound infection, nonunion, or deformity healing. None of the children showed a significant reduction in the active and passive mobility of the thumb postoperatively compared with preoperatively. Postoperative evaluation was performed based on the JSSH score, with a mean of 17.15 points (14-19 points), with 11 children rated as excellent and two as good. No severe nail ridges, nail gaps, or nail split deformities of the thumb were observed postoperatively. Postoperative metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joint movements were not reduced compared with preoperative movements. All parents were satisfied with the appearance and function of the reconstructed thumb. CONCLUSION: The modified Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure designed in this study was satisfactory for Wassel type III-IV thumb polydactyly without affecting the stability of the interphalangeal joints and preserving joint mobility. The postoperative thumb has a comparable circumference and nail width and was cosmetically and functionally satisfactory, especially for the asymmetric two thumbs, which achieved favorable results.

New design to enhance phosphonate selective removal from water by MOF confined in hyper-cross-linked resin.

Although polymeric anion exchange resins can remove phosphonates, they lack selectivity for target phosphonates and are susceptible to interference by anions and other substances. Here, we developed a novel strategy via confining MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 inside commercial resins IRA-900 for high-efficient and precise phosphonate removal, accompanying with the improvement of the stability and recovery of MIL-101(Fe)-NH2. The obtained nanocomposite MIL-101(Fe)-NH2@IRA-900 (MFNI) exhibited significantly enhanced phosphonate removal in the presence of competing anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3- and CO32-) and natural organic matter (humic acid) at high concentrations (2-4 times of phosphonate concentration). Moreover, MFNI displayed the highest phosphonate adsorption capacity (12.9 mg P/g) and the fastest adsorption kinetics (120 min) than hydrated ferric oxides modified IRA-900 (HFOI) (6.7 mg P/g, 180 min), MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 (7.6 mg P/g, 240 min) and IRA-900 (5.6 mg P/g, 360 min). Such higher adsorption affinity and anti-interference ability came from the synergistic effect of the host IRA-900 (hydrogen-bond interaction and electrostatic attraction) and the embedded MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 (ligand exchange). The depleted MFNI could be regenerated with a binary NaOH-NaCl solution and reused without significant loss of capacity. Column adsorption runs by using MFNI indicated the fresh MFNI could achieve 100 % removal of PPOA in 10.5 h continuously feeding, which offered the possibility of achieving potential large-scale applications. In general, a new MOF-confined design approach was practiced to achieve selective elimination of phosphates and to improve the stability and recovery of MOF.

The effect of autistic traits on prosocial behavior: The chain mediating role of received social support and perceived social support.

ABSTRACT: There is growing evidence that the defining characteristics of autism spectrum disorder are distributed across the general population; therefore, understanding the correlates of prosocial behavior in individuals with high levels of autistic traits could shed light on autism spectrum disorder and prosocial behavior. In this study, the mechanism underlying the influence of individuals' autistic traits on their prosocial behavior was explored by conducting a questionnaire survey of 414 Chinese college students. The results showed that autistic traits can influence individuals' prosocial behavior not only through the separate effects of received social support and perceived social support but also through the chain mediating effects of received social support and perceived social support; however, the direct effect of autistic traits on individuals' prosocial behavior is not significant. This study is conducive to understanding the internal mechanism underlying the relationship between autistic traits and prosocial behavior. Future work is required to further investigate the clinical autism spectrum disorder samples and cross-cultural applicability of the model found in this study.

Enhanced molecular oxygen activation via K/O interfacial modification for boosted electrocatalytic degradation over a broad pH range.

Molecular oxygen activation plays an important role in the electrocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. And the key lies in the tailoring of electronic structures over catalysts. Herein, carbon nitride with K/O interfacial modification (KOCN) was designed and fabricated for efficient molecular oxygen activation. Theoretical screening results revealed the possible substitution of peripheral N atoms by O atoms and the location of K atoms in the six-fold cavities of g-C3N4 framework. Spectroscopic and experimental results reveal that the existence of K/O promotes charge redistribution over as-prepared catalysts, leading to optimized electronic structures. Therefore, optimized oxygen adsorption was realized over 8 % KOCN, which was further converted into superoxide and singlet oxygen effectively. The rate constant of 8 % KOCN (1.8 × 10-2 min-1) reached 2.2 folds of pristine g-C3N4 (8.1 × 10-3 min-1) counterpart during tetracycline degradation. Moreover, the high electron mobility and excellent structural stability endow the catalyst with remarkable catalytic performance in a broad pH range of 3-11.