[Effects of Different Planting Years of Dendrocalamus brandisii on Soil Fungal Community].

To explore the effect of soil fungal community under different planting years in Dendrocalamus brandisii, the soil samples from D. brandisii with different planting years (5, 10, 20, and 40 a) were taken as the research object. The soil fungal community structure, diversity, and its functional groups of different planting years were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology and the FUNGuild fungal function prediction tool, and the main soil environmental factors influencing the variations in soil fungal community were examined. The results showed that the dominant fungal communities at the phylum level were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Mucoromycota. The relative abundance of Mortierellomycota decreased and then increased with the increase in planting years, and there was a significant difference among different planting years (P<0.05). The dominant fungal communities at the class level were Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Mortierellomycetes. The relative abundance of Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes decreased and then increased with the increase in planting years, and there were significant differences among different planting years (P<0.01). The Richness index and Shannon index of soil fungi increased and then decreased with the increase in planting years, and the Richness index and Shannon index in 10 a were significantly higher than those of other planting years. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that there were significant differences in soil fungal community structure with different planting years. The functional prediction with FUNGuild showed that the main functional trophic types of soil fungi in D. brandisii were pathotroph, symbiotroph, and saprotroph, and the most dominant functional group was endophyte-litter saprotroph-soil saprotroph-undefined saprotroph. The relative abundance of endophytes gradually increased with the increase in planting years. Correlation analysis showed that pH, total potassium (TK), and nitrate nitrogen (NO-3-N) were the main soil environmental factors affecting the change in fungal community. In summary, the planting year of D. brandisii has changed soil environmental factors and has thus changed the structure, diversity, and functional groups of soil fungal communities.

Predicting the monthly consumption and production of natural gas in the USA by using a new hybrid forecasting model based on two-layer decomposition.

As an efficient, economical, and clean energy, natural gas plays an important role in the development of the new energy revolution. Accurate prediction of natural gas consumption and production can adjust energy deployment in advance, which can ensure the stable operation of natural gas. Considering the complex and non-linear characteristics of natural gas production and consumption data, this paper develops a new hybrid forecasting model (WPD-VMD-LSTM) based on the fuzzy entropy, variational mode decomposition (VMD), wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). In this model, WPD and VMD undertake the tasks of primary and secondary decompositions, respectively; fuzzy entropy is used for the preprocessing process before the re-decomposition; and LSTM is used to predict the decomposed time series. In particular, the different criteria set by fuzzy entropy lead to the establishment of two prediction models. Then, two models are used to study monthly natural gas consumption and production in the USA. The results demonstrate that the proposed model performs significantly better than other comparable models and the target model has some practical value. Meanwhile, models may cope with different types of energy data, and models can accurately predict energy transformations with strong applicability, which can be applied to future energy forecasting in various fields. Finally, the constructed models are used to forecast the NGC and NGP in the USA in the next 3 years and make reasonable policy recommendations based on the forecast results.

Divergent methylation pattern in adult stage between two forms of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae).

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch has two forms: green form and red form. Understanding the molecular basis of how these two forms established without divergent genetic background is an intriguing area. As a well-known epigenetic process, DNA methylation has particularly important roles in gene regulation and developmental variation across diverse organisms that do not alter genetic background. Here, to investigate whether DNA methylation could be associated with different phenotypic consequences in the two forms of T. urticae, we surveyed the genome-wide cytosine methylation status and expression level of DNA methyltransferase 3 (Tudnmt3) throughout their entire life cycle. Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analyses of 585 loci revealed variable methylation patterns in the different developmental stages. In particular, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicates a significant epigenetic differentiation between female adults of the two forms. The gene expression of Tudnmt3 was detected in all examined developmental stages, which was significantly different in the adult stage of the two forms. Together, our results reveal the epigenetic distance between the two forms of T. urticae, suggesting that DNA methylation might be implicated in different developmental demands, and contribute to different phenotypes in the adult stage of these two forms.