Evaluation of InSAR Tropospheric Delay Correction Methods in the Plateau Monsoon Climate Region Considering Spatial-Temporal Variability.

The tropospheric delay caused by the temporal and spatial variation of meteorological parameters is the main error source in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) applications for geodesy. To minimize the impact of tropospheric delay errors, it is necessary to select the appropriate tropospheric delay correction method for different regions. In this study, the interferogram results of the InSAR, corrected for tropospheric delay using the Linear, Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR (GACOS) and ERA-5 atmospheric reanalysis dataset (ERA5) methods, are presented for the study area of the junction of the Hengduan Mountains and the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau, which is significantly influenced by the plateau monsoon climate. Four representative regions, Eryuan, Binchuan, Dali, and Yangbi, are selected for the study and analysis. The phase standard deviation (STD), phase-height correlation, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data were used to evaluate the effect of tropospheric delay correction by integrating topographic, seasonal, and meteorological factors. The results show that all three methods can attenuate the tropospheric delay, but the correction effect varies with spatial and temporal characteristics.

Rm-LR: A long-range-based deep learning model for predicting multiple types of RNA modifications.

Recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of RNA post-transcriptional modifications in the regulation of RNA expression and function. Accurate identification of RNA modification sites is important for understanding RNA function. In this study, we propose a novel RNA modification prediction method, namely Rm-LR, which leverages a long-range-based deep learning approach to accurately predict multiple types of RNA modifications using RNA sequences only. Rm-LR incorporates two large-scale RNA language pre-trained models to capture discriminative sequential information and learn local important features, which are subsequently integrated through a bilinear attention network. Rm-LR supports a total of ten RNA modification types (m6A, m1A, m5C, m5U, m6Am, Ψ, Am, Cm, Gm, and Um) and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of predictive capability on benchmark datasets. Experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of Rm-LR in prediction of various RNA modifications, demonstrating the strong adaptability and robustness of our proposed model. We demonstrate that RNA language pretrained models enable to learn dense biological sequential representations from large-scale long-range RNA corpus, and meanwhile enhance the interpretability of the models. This work contributes to the development of accurate and reliable computational models for RNA modification prediction, providing insights into the complex landscape of RNA modifications.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of octahedral Rh nanocrystals and their performance for electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid.

Uniform and well-defined octahedral Rh nanocrystals were rapidly synthesized in a domestic microwave oven for only 140 s of irradiation by reducing Rh(acac)3 with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as both a solvent and a reducing agent in the presence of an appropriate amount of KI, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), ethylene diamine (EDA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). KI, DDAC and EDA were essential for the creation of octahedral Rh nanocrystals. Electrochemical measurements showed a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability for the as-prepared octahedral Rh nanocrystals compared with commercial Rh black.

Climate Change Impact on Yield and Water Use of Rice-Wheat Rotation System in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China.

Global climate change has had a significant impact on crop production and agricultural water use. Investigating different future climate scenarios and their possible impacts on crop production and water consumption is critical for proposing effective responses to climate change. In this study, based on daily downscaled climate data from 22 Global Climate Models (GCMs) provided by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we applied the well-validated Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to simulate crop phenology, yield, and water use of the rice-wheat rotation at four representative stations (including Hefei and Shouxian stations in Anhui province and Kunshan and Xuzhou stations in Jiangsu province) across the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during the 2041-2070 period (2050s) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (i.e., SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). The results showed a significant increase in annual mean temperature (Temp) and solar radiation (Rad), and annual total precipitation (Prec) at four investigated stations, except Rad under SSP370. Climate change mainly leads to a consistent advance in wheat phenology, but inconsistent trends in rice phenology across four stations. Moreover, the reproductive growth period (RGP) of wheat was prolonged while that of rice was shorted at three of four stations. Both rice and wheat yields were negatively correlated with Temp, but positively correlated with Rad, Prec, and CO2 concentration ([CO2]). However, crop ET was positively correlated with Rad, but negatively correlated with [CO2], as elevated [CO2] decreased stomatal conductance. Moreover, the water use efficiency (WUE) of rice and wheat was negatively correlated with Temp, but positively correlated with [CO2]. Overall, our study indicated that the change in Temp, Rad, Prec, and [CO2] have different impacts on different crops and at different stations. Therefore, in the impact assessment for climate change, it is necessary to explore and analyze different crops in different regions. Additionally, our study helps to improve understanding of the impacts of climate change on crop production and water consumption and provides data support for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Porphyrin derivative-based tandem response nanochannels triggered by Zn2+ and NO.

We describe tandem response solid nanochannels tailored with a porphyrin derivative that show Zn2+ and NO gating behaviors with good selectivity, stability, and reversibility. EXAFS and fluorescence experiments showed that zinc coordinated with the porphyrin derivative as the ratio of 1 : 1 with the binding constant for 3.39 × 105 M-1. These studies are beneficial for simulating the physiological functions of ion/gas in organisms and have the potential for designing complicated logic circuits and fabricating novel biosensors.

Detailed formation process of Co@C catalysts and the influence of structural regulation on catalytic properties.

Co@C is a novel class of catalysts with many structural advantages, such as highly dispersed active species, developed pore structure, and special encapsulated structure. Although considerable progress has been made in the development of new Co@C materials, research on the formation mechanism of these materials is lacking. Herein, the overall microcosmic structure of the Co@C catalyst was investigated by systematic characterization. Subsequently, a pseudo in situ method was employed to explore the detailed structure of the Co@C catalyst pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The special carbon environment of materials is essential for synthesizing materials during pyrolysis at high temperatures. Co ions were reduced to Co0 by the surrounding carbon atoms at a high temperature. In return, the surrounding carbon atoms were catalyzed by Co0 particles to form carbon nanotubes. However, with the obstruction of amorphous carbon atoms that are not in contact with Co0, the paths through which the carbon nanotubes move forward formed the porous structure of the catalyst, as well as the graphitic encapsulated structure. Further, the effects of pretreatment conditions on the structure and properties of the Co@C catalyst were studied systematically.

Syntheses, Characterizations, and Inhibition Activities Against Coxsackievirus B3 of Iodobenzoic Hydrazide Functionalized Hexamolybdates.

A class of iodobenzoyldiazenido-functionalized POMs (TBA)3 [Mo6O18(=N=NCOAr)] (Ar = Ph-o-I (1); Ph-m-I (2); Ph-p-I (3); Ph-3,4-I2 (4); Ph-2,3,5-I3 (5) (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) were prepared via the refluxing reaction of α-octamolybdates, DCC, and corresponding hydrazides in dry acetonitrile. Their structures were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Research on the biological activity of title compounds shows that L3, L5, 3, and 5 demonstrate potent inhibitory activity against coxsackievirus B3 and low in vitro cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 cell lines. The covalent linkage between the iodobenzoyldiazenido components and POMs can enhance the molecular inhibitory efficiency of iodobenzohydrazides.

Nanorod bundle-like silver cyanamide nanocrystals for the high-efficiency photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline.

Silver cyanamide (Ag2NCN) is a type of functional semiconductor material with a visible-light response. Ag2NCN nanocrystals with nanorod bundle-like (RB) or straw bundle-like (SB) assemblies were successfully prepared, and it was found that the as-prepared Ag2NCN nanorod bundle (RB) samples had a narrower bandgap of 2.16 eV, which was lower than those reported. As a result, RB samples demonstrated a higher photocatalytic activity towards tetracycline (TC) degradation. The analyses of active species confirmed that both the photo-generated holes and ˙O2 - radicals of the RB sample played significant roles during the process of photocatalytic degradation of TC, and the holes were the main active species. These results indicated that effective charge separation could be achieved by adjusting the morphologies of Ag2NCN nanocrystals. This study provides a new approach to prepare Ag2NCN nanocrystals with a narrower bandgap and strong visible-light response towards antibiotic degradation.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of mutually embedded Rh concave nanocubes with enhanced electrocatalytic activity.

Novel mutually embedded Rh concave nanocubes were synthesized by reducing Rh(acac)3 in tetraethylene glycol in the presence of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium, KI and polyvinylpyrrolidone under microwave irradiation for 120 s. KI and HDBAC were crucial to the formation of mutually embedded nanostructures. The as-prepared Rh nanocrystals exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity and stability.

Controlled Synthesis of Hierarchical Pd Nanodendrites and Their Electrocatalytic Properties.

Well-defined hierarchical Pd nanodendrites with (111) surface were successfully synthesized with Pd(acac)2 as a precursor, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer, CO as a reducing agent in the presence of appropriate amounts of NaAc and oleylamide (OAm) at 100 °C for 3 h under atmospheric pressure. OAm played an important role in controlling the growth of the hierarchical dendritic nanostructures of the final products. The formation of the hierarchical Pd dendrites was ascribed to the OAm-confined growth from the tips along 〈111〉 axis directions. This kind of hierarchical Pd nanodendrites exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the electro-oxidation of formic acid compared with Pd black.

Facet dependent pairwise addition of hydrogen over Pd nanocrystal catalysts revealed via NMR using para-hydrogen-induced polarization.

We demonstrated the facet dependence of pairwise addition of hydrogen in heterogeneous catalysis over Pd nanocrystal catalysts via NMR using para-hydrogen-induced polarization.

The effect of the nanofibrous Al2O3 aspect ratio on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt catalysts.

A series of nanofibrous alumina materials with diameters of 4-6 nm and with different aspect ratios ranging from 3 to 16 were prepared. Cobalt impregnated catalysts were prepared by means of incipient wetness impregnation on alumina nanofibers while the 'rearranged' catalysts were prepared by using ultrasonication assistance to mix the fibers with the Co3O4 nanoparticles. The effects of the alumina nanofiber aspect ratios on the Co catalyst structure and performance for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were studied. The pore size of the two series of catalysts increased as the aspect ratio of the alumina nanofiber increased. For impregnated catalysts, large Co3O4 particles were formed on the external surface of the alumina support when the aspect ratio was 3 and 5, while the crystallite sizes of Co3O4 increased from 13.3 nm to 15.6 nm with the increase of the aspect ratio from 7 to 16. The four 'rearranged' catalysts possessed similar and homogeneously dispersed Co3O4 crystallites of 9.5 nm. As expected the reduction behavior of the two series of catalysts was primarily influenced by the Co3O4 crystallite size and structure. The FT data of the two series of catalysts indicate that dispersed Co catalysts on alumina nanofibers with large aspect ratios having large inter-crystallite pores significantly improve the catalyst activity and C5+ selectivity. The FT data of the 'rearranged' catalysts strongly demonstrated that the internal mass transfer of reactants and products increased with a decrease in inter-crystallite pore size, resulting in a decrease of C5+ selectivity and C3 olefin/paraffin ratio, and an increase of CH4 selectively, while the CO consumption rate was little altered. Furthermore, catalytic stability tests showed that the alumina nanofibers with larger aspect ratios inhibited Co migration and coalescence in the matrices of the nanofibrous alumina, and this significantly enhanced the stability of the catalyst. The Cop/Al2O3-16 catalyst possessing uniformly distributed cobalt, improved reducibility and large pores is the preferred choice to generate high catalytic activity, stability and C5+ selectivity.

Morphological control and evolution of octahedral and truncated trisoctahedral Pt-Au alloy nanocrystals under microwave irradiation.

Uniform and well-defined truncated trisoctahedral and octahedral Pt-Au alloy nanocrystals were fabricated by co-reducing H(2)PtC(l6)-HAuC(l4) with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) under microwave irradiation for only 140 s. Iodide ions were critical to the morphological control and evolution of Pt-Au alloy nanostructures. The as-prepared Pt-Au alloy nanocrystals exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activities.

Polymeric carbon nitride/mesoporous silica composites as catalyst support for Au and Pt nanoparticles.

Small and homogeneously dispersed Au and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared on polymeric carbon nitride (CNx )/mesoporous silica (SBA-15) composites, which were synthesized by thermal polycondensation of dicyandiamide-impregnated preformed SBA-15. By changing the condensation temperature, the degree of condensation and the loading of CNx can be controlled to give adjustable particle sizes of the Pt and Au NPs subsequently formed on the composites. In contrast to the pure SBA-15 support, coating of SBA-15 with polymeric CNx resulted in much smaller and better-dispersed metal NPs. Furthermore, under catalytic conditions the CNx coating helps to stabilize the metal NPs. However, metal NPs on CNx /SBA-15 can show very different catalytic behaviors in, for example, the CO oxidation reaction. Whereas the Pt NPs already show full CO conversion at 160 °C, the catalytic activity of Au NPs seems to be inhibited by the CNx support.

Synergistic effects of hollow structure and surface fluorination on the photocatalytic activity of titania.

To study the synergistic effects of hollow structure and surface fluorination on the photoactivity of TiO(2), TiO(2) hollow microspheres were synthesized by a hydrolysis-precipitate method using sulfonated polystyrene (PS) as templates and tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT) as precursor, and then calcined at 500 degrees C for 2h. The calcined samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N(2) sorption. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated using reactive brilliant red X3B, an anionic organic dye, as a model pollutant in water. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of TiO(2) hollow microspheres is significantly higher than that of TiO(2) nanoparticles prepared in the same experimental conditions. At pH 7 and 3, the apparent rate constants of the former exceed that of the latter by a factor of 3.38 and 3.15, respectively. After surface fluorination at pH 3, the photoactivity of hollow microspheres and nanoparticles further increases for another 1.61 and 2.19 times, respectively. The synergistic effect of surface fluorination and hollow structure can also be used to prepare other highly efficient photocatalyst.

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications in propane dehydrogenation of ordered mesoporous alumina.

Alumina is the most frequently employed catalyst or catalytic support in the chemical industry. The catalytic performances of alumina-supported catalysts are largely dependent on the textural properties of the alumina supports. Therefore, any improvement of the alumina properties significant for their catalytic applications is extremely challenging. Ordered mesoporous aluminas with high thermal stability have been successfully prepared by a facile synthesis method. Using the ordered mesoporous aluminas as support, V/Ni-catalysts mesoporous materials also have been prepared by vacuum impregnation method and the coprecipitation method. The mesoporous structures are characterized by XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption -desorption and TG-DTA. Preliminary catalytic tests showed that the ordered mesoporous aluminas prepared in such a way exhibited superior performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene when they were used as the supports for V and Ni catalysts.